Crosswalk Research Articles

Actual safety of the youngest road users at pedestrian crossings

Actual safety of the youngest road users at pedestrian crossings

Phone use by pedestrians - pilot studies

People use mobile phones for almost all activities throughout the day. Phones are used to perform activities such as running, cycling and walking on the sidewalk. Most often we listen to music, browse the Internet or just talk. Unfortunately, it should be noted that the use of a mobile phone is not always safe, as it can distract the attention of a pedestrian or driver, which can lead to a road accident. The topic of using mobile phones at pedestrian crossings is much less frequently discussed compared to using a mobile phone while driving a passenger vehicle. The phenomenon of distracting pedestrians with a mobile phone is becoming an increasingly recognizable phenomenon. In many countries, such behavior is severely punished. The use of mobile phones by pedestrians and drivers reduces attention. Despite the risk of road accidents, many pedestrians and cyclists are accustomed to using their mobile phones while traveling in traffic. The aim of the article is to draw attention to the problem of using a telephone by pedestrians crossing an intersection with traffic lights. The collected results confirm that pedestrians often use mobile phones while crossing the pedestrian crossing. Collected data from observational studies reveal several other important findings. Pedestrians using a mobile phone on a pedestrian crossing walk slower. Pedestrians are oblivious to passing vehicles and often cross the pedestrian crossing without thinking or checking in advance. Pedestrians using a mobile phone at a pedestrian crossing do not pay attention to traffic lights, but follow the crowd of other pedestrians

Automatic Zebra Crossing Using Raspberry PI

The Automatic Zebra Crossing project enhances pedestrian safety and convenience at zebra crossings using an Atmega8 microcontroller board, a time display, and Progisp software. The project features a pair of automatic gates positioned at both ends of the zebra crossing, closing whenever the traffic signal turns red to stop vehicles. This closure effectively restricts pedestrian movement beyond the zebra crossing area, ensuring enhanced safety. The system works like an automatic stairway, with the gates being opened or closed depending on the condition of the traffic signal. As the central control device, the Atmega8 microcontroller board processes inputs from the traffic signal and generates control signals to open and close the gates. The time display tells pedestrians how much time is left until they can cross in real time. The Atmega8 microcontroller is programmed using the Progisp software, allowing the construction of the control logic and synchronization with the traffic signal. The software enables the microcontroller to work seamlessly with the gate motors and the time display. The Automatic Zebra Crossing system dramatically improves pedestrian safety by keeping people inside the crossing area when the light is red. This system uses gates for straying, lowering accident rates, and optimizing traffic flow. The project documentation outlines the software implementation with Progisp and explains the hardware setup. This setup involves an Atmega8 microcontroller board, gate motors, and a time display. The code integrates a control logic for synchronization.Hardware Requirement:  Raspberry Pi- Pico  Mobile Wi-fi Module  Power Supply Unit  Motor Unit  Relay Unit  Software Requirement:  Python  PC  Web page

Factors Affecting the Waiting Time of Pedestrians at Unsignalized Crosswalks of Kathmandu: A Case Study of Bagbazar and Jamal Crosswalks

Unsignalized crosswalks are the most common pedestrian crossing facilities on the city roads of Kathmandu. This sharing of the road between pedestrians and vehicles can be very unsafe for walking. To demur such conflict, analyzing pedestrians' waiting behavior and designing pedestrian signals considering different factors is the most efficient way. The degree to which pedestrians adhere to signals depends largely on their patience while waiting. Thus, it is crucial to account for pedestrian waiting tolerance when planning pedestrian signal timing. A study at unsignalized crosswalks of Bagbazar and Jamal were taken into consideration for this study. This research delves into analyzing the factors that impact the waiting time, a key indicator of pedestrian patience at unsignalized crosswalks in Kathmandu. Using SPSS, binary logistic regression is conducted with the waiting time of a pedestrian before crossing as the dependent variable and road width, the gap between vehicles, speed of accepted vehicles, pedestrian size, gender, crossing pattern, and the presence of a carried object as predictor variables. The article encountered that gender, crossing pattern, carrying any object, size of pedestrians, road width, and time gap between the vehicles at the nearer lane of a pedestrian are the significant factors that affect the waiting time. The results could be employed by planners to coordinate the design of pedestrian crossing facilities with the behavioral patterns of pedestrians at unsignalized crosswalks.

Prediction of Vehicular Yielding Intention While Approaching a Pedestrian Crosswalk

Prediction of Vehicular Yielding Intention While Approaching a Pedestrian Crosswalk

Methodology for Identifying Optimal Pedestrian Paths in an Urban Environment: A Case Study of a School Environment in A Coruña, Spain

Improving urban mobility, especially pedestrian mobility, is a current challenge in virtually every city worldwide. To calculate the least-cost paths and safer, more efficient routes, it is necessary to understand the geometry of streets and their various elements accurately. In this study, we propose a semi-automatic methodology to assess the capacity of urban spaces to enable adequate pedestrian mobility. We employ various data sources, but primarily point clouds obtained through a mobile laser scanner (MLS), which provide a wealth of highly detailed information about the geometry of street elements. Our method allows us to characterize preferred pedestrian-traffic zones by segmenting crosswalks, delineating sidewalks, and identifying obstacles and impediments to walking in urban routes. Subsequently, we generate different displacement cost surfaces and identify the least-cost origin–destination paths. All these factors enable a detailed pedestrian mobility analysis, yielding results on a raster with a ground sampling distance (GSD) of 10 cm/pix. The method is validated through its application in a case study analyzing pedestrian mobility around an educational center in a purely urban area of A Coruña (Galicia, Spain). The segmentation model successfully identified all pedestrian crossings in the study area without false positives. Additionally, obstacle segmentation effectively identified urban elements and parked vehicles, providing crucial information to generate precise friction surfaces reflecting real environmental conditions. Furthermore, the generation of cumulative displacement cost surfaces allowed for identifying optimal routes for pedestrian movement, considering the presence of obstacles and the availability of traversable spaces. These surfaces provided a detailed representation of pedestrian mobility, highlighting significant variations in travel times, especially in areas with high obstacle density, where differences of up to 15% were observed. These results underscore the importance of considering obstacles’ existence and location when planning pedestrian routes, which can significantly influence travel times and route selection. We consider the capability to generate accurate cumulative cost surfaces to be a significant advantage, as it enables urban planners and local authorities to make informed decisions regarding the improvement of pedestrian infrastructure.

The safety effect of increased pedestrian protection, autonomous emergency braking for pedestrians and bicyclists on passenger cars, and speed management

This was the first retrospective study to estimate the effect of increased pedestrian protection, autonomous emergency braking, and speed management to reduce serious injuries among pedestrians and bicyclists. More specifically, the aim was to estimate the injury mitigating effects of the following interventions: AEB with pedestrian and bicyclist detection, Euro NCAP pedestrian test score, active bonnet, traffic calming at pedestrian and bicycle crossings, and additionally, the combined effect of the above-mentioned treatments. The main source of data was the Swedish traffic data acquisition system (Strada), where information of road traffic crashes between passenger cars and pedestrians or bicyclists for the period 1 January 2003–31 December 2022 was obtained. Cars with optional fitment of AEB systems were identified, and the license registration number was used to access individual car equipment lists to identify whether the vehicle was equipped with AEB with pedestrian and/or cyclist detection. Information about traffic calming at pedestrian and bicycle crossings was obtained from the Swedish Transport Administration. The injury metric used was risk of permanent medical impairment (RPMI) of at least one percent and ten percent. RPMI captures the risk of long-term medical impairment based on a diagnosed injury location and Abbreviated Injury Severity (AIS) score. The relative difference between the mean values of RPMI (mRPMI1%+ and mRPMI10%+) was calculated and tested using an independent two sample t-test which was conducted for unequal sample sizes and variance. Although many results were found to be statistically non-significant, the following results were found to be significant at least at 90% level. Pedestrian mRPMI10%+ was reduced by 44% in speed zones ≤ 50 km/h comparing the group struck by cars equipped with AEB with pedestrian detection compared to the group struck by cars without the system. For cyclists, the mRPMI10%+ was reduced by 35% in speed zones ≤ 50 km/h. For crashes within ± 20 meters from a pedestrian or bicycle crossing, the AEB system reduced 60% of pedestrians mRPMI10%+ at crossings with good safety standard compared to crossings of poor safety standard. The comparison of cars with poor performance (1–9 points) in the NCAP pedestrian test and cars with a high score (28–36 points) showed that pedestrian mRPMI10%+ was reduced by 48% across all speed limits, and by 64% including only those aged ≤ 64 years. For bicyclists, a significant reduction of cyclist mRPMI10%+ was found comparing low scoring cars to high scoring cars in ≤ 30 km/h speed limit (-73%) and across all speed limits (-36%). Including only those aged ≤ 64 years, the reduction was 49%. For the active bonnet, a significant reduction of mRPMI1%+ by 24% was observed but given that the rate of helmet wearing was higher in the group struck by cars with active bonnet, this difference cannot be attributed to an effect of an active bonnet. The STA safety rating of pedestrian and bicycle crossings showed that overall pedestrian mRPMI1%+ was reduced by 15%, while cyclists mRPMI10%+ was reduced by 32% comparing crossings of high safety level to crossings of poor safety level. The analysis of combined interventions showed that the total reduction of pedestrians and cyclists mRPMI10%+ together was 69%, from 6.4% to 2%. This paper demonstrates that a road environment with adapted infrastructure and speed, combined with passenger car technologies that improve the safety for vulnerable road users, can create significant reductions of serious (long-term) injuries among pedestrians and bicyclists.

Critical patterns associated with vehicle-pedestrian hit-and-run casualty injury severity under different weather conditions: An association rule mining approach

Vehicle-pedestrian hit-and-run crashes have grave consequences as the pedestrian casualty is left at the crash scene, leading to delays in emergency response. Research indicates that prevailing weather conditions are pivotal in influencing these crashes. Nonetheless, there exists a substantial gap in understanding the diverse associations of contributing factors that impact the severity of pedestrian injuries in vehicle-pedestrian hit-and-run crashes under varying weather conditions. This paper extensively examines the intricate patterns of critical factor associations influencing the pedestrian casualty injury severity in vehicle-pedestrian hit-and-run collisions in Ghana, differentiating between clear and inclement weather conditions. Leveraging historical crash data, this research employs the robust Association Rule Mining tool to unveil the relationships between key crash factors and their outcomes. The association rules extracted from the data reveal that specific factors consistently influence injury outcomes in vehicle-pedestrian hit-and-run crashes, regardless of weather conditions. However, there are distinct patterns of factors contributing to fatal and severe injuries in these crashes that vary depending on the prevailing weather conditions. Hit-and-run crashes resulting in fatal and severe pedestrian injuries are primarily associated with males and are notably correlated with factors like pedestrian crossings, late and early morning hours, the absence of traffic control measures on median-separated motorways, and good urban roads, regardless of prevailing weather conditions. During clear weather conditions, fatal/severe injuries tend to occur in daylight conditions, primarily on roadways devoid of shoulders, and involve older pedestrians crossing the road. Conversely, for inclement weather conditions, these crashes are more prone to occur during nighttime hours on unlit roads, often involving younger pedestrians walking along the road's edge. The reduction of fatal/severe injury hit-and-run crashes involving vehicles and pedestrians can be effectively tackled by eliminating or improving the critical factors pinpointed in the extracted rules. The study underscores the urgency of policy recommendations to mitigate fatalities resulting from vehicle-pedestrian hit-and-run crashes, emphasising the need for stricter legislation, heightened enforcement measures, increased awareness of pedestrian safety, enhanced driver training, and infrastructure upgrades. By acting on these insights, a significant stride can be made in curbing the alarming rates of vehicle-pedestrian hit-and-run fatalities.

A computer vision system for detecting motorcycle violations in pedestrian zones

AbstractThis paper presents a system that relies on computer vision to identify instances of motorcycle violations in crosswalks utilizing CNNs. The system was trained and evaluated on a novel public dataset published by the authors, which contains traffic images classified into four categories: motorcycles in crosswalks, motorcycles outside crosswalks, pedestrians in crosswalks, and only motorbike outside. We demonstrate the viability of leveraging deep learning models such as YOLOv8 for this purpose and provide details on the training and performance of the model. This system has the potential to enable intelligent traffic enforcement to mitigate accidents in pedestrian zones; to develop the system, a dataset comprising over 6,000 images was amassed from publicly available traffic cameras and subsequently annotated. Several models, including YOLOv8, SSD, and MobileNet, were trained on this dataset. The YOLOv8 model attained the highest performance with a mean average precision of 84.6% across classes. The study presents the system architecture and training process. Results illustrate the potential of utilizing deep learning to detect traffic violations in pedestrian zones, which can promote intelligent traffic enforcement and improved safety.

Urban Pedestrian Routes' Accessibility Assessment Using Geographic Information System Processing and Deep Learning-Based Object Detection.

The need to establish safe, accessible, and inclusive pedestrian routes is considered one of the European Union's main priorities. We have developed a method of assessing pedestrian mobility in the surroundings of urban public buildings to evaluate the level of accessibility and inclusion, especially for people with reduced mobility. In the first stage of assessment, artificial intelligence algorithms were used to identify pedestrian crossings and the precise geographical location was determined by deep learning-based object detection with satellite or aerial orthoimagery. In the second stage, Geographic Information System techniques were used to create network models. This approach enabled the verification of the level of accessibility for wheelchair users in the selected study area and the identification of the most suitable route for wheelchair transit between two points of interest. The data obtained were verified using inertial sensors to corroborate the horizontal continuity of the routes. The study findings are of direct benefit to the users of these routes and are also valuable for the entities responsible for ensuring and maintaining the accessibility of pedestrian routes.

Rational steel mesh layout influence on plate utilization of large span corrugated steel structure

Corrugated steel structures buried in the surrounding soil are currently used worldwide in road and railway engineering as culverts, pedestrian and animal crossings, tunnels and bridges. The need of large span corrugated steel structures is rapidly growing however their behavior analysis is still understudied. There is also a lack of discussion about the impact of additional strengthening elements for the behavior of corrugated steel structures. This study analyses the influence of rational steel mesh layout on the behavior of a large span deepest corrugation steel structure. The numerical two-dimensional model of two-radius 17.5 m span profile with corrugation of 237 mm depth and 500 mm pitch was developed to replicate the ongoing project in Lithuania. Originally the stiffness of the structure from both sides was increased by six layers of steel meshes as lateral support. Nevertheless, the current study was looking for rational steel mesh layout. Also, the influence of different layouts of steel mesh on corrugated steel plate utilization to buckling failure in the peaking, dead load and in the most unfavorable live load location phase was analyzed. The finite element model results indicated that steel meshes could be used to control structure deformations and internal reactions. Vertical displacement of the crown of the structure could be reduced by 45% in the peaking phase when using proper steel meshes layout. Furthermore, steel meshes could be a decisive factor for the bearing capacity of corrugated steel structure in a positive sense.

MAIN PROBLEMS OF BARRIER-FREE STREET AND ROAD ENVIRONMENT IN MODERN CONDITIONS

These research materials consider the main problems of barrier-free street and road environment in modern conditions. The importance of studying the main problems and finding their solutions, relying on regulatory documents in order to create a space without barriers, was considered. The current state of ensuring physical accessibility to infrastructure in cities and settlements is analyzed. It was found that in addition to the lack of accessibility elements, an even bigger problem is their incorrect application. The necessity of designing the street and road environment and its elements, taking into account the needs of low-mobility population groups, has been determined. It is necessary to arrange ramps, handrails, etc. on a large number of streets with complex terrain (slopes, stairs, etc.), installation of sound signals, pointers and tactile elements. As for pedestrian crossings, it is a mandatory requirement to equip them with infrastructure that meets the requirements for people with reduced mobility, namely: ribbed pedestrian crossings, raised crossings, sound traffic lights, etc. In order to ensure the unhindered movement of people with limited mobility to the railway transport at the exit and entrance, platforms and stops must be adapted, that is, have canopies, seats, tactile elements, information boards, etc. Also, pavements and roads should be in good condition, there should be no potholes and high curbs, there should be enough parking spaces to provide parking spaces for personal vehicles of persons with disabilities.

Evaluasi Kelayakan dan Faktor Penggunaan Jembatan Penyeberangan Orang (JPO)

The availability of pedestrian bridge facilities is very necessary for the safety of pedestrian crossings in minimizing the risk of accidents. One of the pedestrian bridge facilities in Kupang City is on Jl. Ahmad Yani District. Old town. The level of feasibility and use of this footbridge is considered inadequate so it is necessary to evaluate the feasibility and factors of use of this footbridge. The method used is the method for determining crossing facilities according to Bina Marga standards to determine the suitability of pedestrian bridge facilities and the AHP method for determining factors in the use of pedestrian bridge. The results of the pedestrian bridge’s feasibility analysis show that the facilities required according to the calculation results are a zebra crossing with school safety zone (ZoSS) equipment, whereas based on a geometric review of the pedestrian bridge the safety and comfort aspects do not meet the requirements. The results of the analysis of respondents' answers regarding factors in using pedestrian bridge showed that 89% of respondents used pedestrian bridge for trial and error reasons and 50% of respondents answered that they did not use pedestrian bridge s because of construction constraints. Using AHP analysis, the factor that most influences the use of footbridges is the comfort factor (distance from the center of activity) with a distribution weight of 50%, followed by the comfort factor (lighting) with a distribution weight of 32%, then the safety factor (roof availability) with a distribution weight of 12% and finally the safety factor (bridge construction) with a distribution weight of 6%.

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF CONTRACT CHANGE ORDER FACTORS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ROAD FACILITY PROJECTS

Road facilities are part of the national transportation system according to Article 25 in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation. Road facilities in the form of sidewalks and crossings are crossings for pedestrians. The arrangement of sidewalks by the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government is to improve urban infrastructure, where the percentage of sidewalk arrangements by 2022 will reach 5.58% of the length of roads in Jakarta. This research aims to determine the influence of factors Contract Change Order (CCO) on cost performance and implementation time for sidewalk arrangement activities, using structural equation modeling techniques-partial least squares (SEM-PLS). This research focuses on identifying the main CCO factors that directly influence cost performance, and indirectly influence implementation time performance through cost performance on road facility projects. There are 3 (three) types of research variables used; The independent variables consist of scope of work, planning, policy changes, specification changes, and coordination of related parties, the dependent variable is cost performance and the intervening variable is cost performance as a mediating variable of the influence of the CCO factor on time performance. The results showed that the coordination of related parties had a direct and significant positive impact on cost performance by 59%, and an indirect and significant impact on time performance through cost performance as a mediating variable by 37.7%.

Bezpieczeństwo na przejściu dla pieszych – polemika

The paper is a polemic against the paper called “Safety at pedestrian crossings in light of the amended provisions of the Act on Road Traffic” by Ł. Trzeciak published in the issue 1/2023 of Paragraph on the Road. The criticism concerns incorrectness and false-ness of referring to some matter, inadequacy of some quoted rulings. In the paper in question there is in fact no priority linguistic interpretation, and, above all, there is a lack of the application of strict directives of the interpretation of restrictive regulations, and the objective in the functional interpretation is defined incorrectly. The polemic also presents a few new arguments in favor of inadmissibility of the interpretation proposed by Ł. Trzeciak. The author of the present polemic consistently holds the view that the “entering” pedestrian is one that moves on the threshold of the crossing and that from the definition of giving way to pedestrian it does not in the least follow that the pedes-trian always must cross the zebra crossing before a vehicle enters it.

Application of Hybrid Deep Reinforcement Learning for Managing Connected Cars at Pedestrian Crossings: Challenges and Research Directions

The autonomous vehicle is an innovative field for the application of machine learning algorithms. Controlling an agent designed to drive safely in traffic is very complex as human behavior is difficult to predict. An individual’s actions depend on a large number of factors that cannot be acquired directly by visualization. The size of the vehicle, its vulnerability, its perception of the environment and weather conditions, among others, are all parameters that profoundly modify the actions that the optimized model should take. The agent must therefore have a great capacity for adaptation and anticipation in order to drive while ensuring the safety of users, especially pedestrians, who remain the most vulnerable users on the road. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL), a sub-field that is supported by the community for its real-time learning capability and the long-term temporal aspect of its objectives looks promising for AV control. In a previous article, we were able to show the strong capabilities of a DRL model with a continuous action space to manage the speed of a vehicle when approaching a pedestrian crossing. One of the points that remains to be addressed is the notion of discrete decision-making intrinsically linked to speed control. In this paper, we will present the problems of AV control during a pedestrian crossing, starting with a modelization and a DRL model with hybrid action space adapted to the scalability of a vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) encounter. We will also present the difficulties raised by the scalability and the curriculum-based method.

Externalities from the confinement of a railway: Analysis of the barrier effect

In this paper, we present a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach to analyse the multiple dimensions of the barrier effect caused by the removal of all at-level pedestrian crossings on a railway in a residential area of Santiago, Chile, as part of a new suburban rail service. A set of interviews with a wide range of stakeholders is followed by a quantitative analysis of time delays and extra discomfort for pedestrians, as we measure both the horizontal and vertical detours on walking distance and time, due to having to cross on pedestrian overpasses and underpasses. We find that (i) the new suburban rail service is a source of social inclusion on a metropolitan scale (accessibility gains) and of social exclusion on a more local scale, due to a barrier effect (ii) the confinement of the railway produces strong negative impacts on pedestrians that need to cross the railway, by increasing walking times and by worsening their perception of security and comfort (iii) underpasses and overpasses increase between twofold and fourfold the time needed to cross the railway on average, relative to the case of at-level crossings, (iv) taking into account the increased physical burden and insecurity perceived on overpasses and underpasses, weighted walking times increase up to ten times relative to at-level crossing, and (v) women, elderly people and pedestrians with heavy luggage are more affected by the increased walking time. Traditional methods employed to analyse large-scale transport projects should assess the negative implications of the barrier effect on local communities, as well as the relief measures designed to reduce local segregation, especially in vulnerable communities. The results of this study are useful to quantify the social value of such relief measures, particularly in highly unequal urban settings.

Deteksi Pelanggaran pada Zebra Cross dengan Water Spray dan Buzzer berbasis IoT

A zebra crossing is a road marking indicating a crossing path for pedestrians. Zebra crossings are directly used to signal drivers to stop at the line boundaries. Because the zebra crossing functions as a crossing area, pedestrians and motorized vehicle drivers must understand and obey existing traffic signs. According to data from the WHO (World Health Organization), 270,000 pedestrians die every year or around 22% of all victims who die due to road accidents. An ESP32-Cam microcontroller, an E18-D80NK Infrared Proximity Sensor, water spray and buzzer approaches, and the prototype development method were used to design a system for detecting crossing violations at zebra crossings to address this issue. The Infrared Proximity sensor will automatically detect when a crossing violation occurs, then the water spray will spray water, and the buzzer will make a sound as a warning sign to obey traffic. ESP32-Cam functions as an image capturer if a crossing violation has occurred and is automatically sent to the Telegram Bot. The confusion matrix test tested the research results with an accuracy value of 83.33%, a precision value of 83.33%, and a recall value of 88.23%.

Investigating and Improving Pedestrian Safety in an Urban Environment of a Low- or Middle-Income Country: A Case Study of Yaoundé, Cameroon

In Yaoundé, Cameroon, where walking dominates transport modes, pedestrian safety remains an issue as pedestrians account for a fair share of road traffic casualties, partly due to the lack of walking policies and pedestrian facilities safety data, hindering targeted intervention. This study used a pedestrian safety index (PSI) and the Global Walkability Index (GWI) to investigate 12 road segments frequented by diverse pedestrian groups. Indexes were graded from E—lowest to A—highest and analyzed using description and rank correlation. Main safety issues included lack of adequate and accessible sidewalks, bollards, pedestrian crossings, signage, shade, and street lighting. Only one segment (R7) achieved grade C, while the remainder scored D or E, indicating poor pedestrian safety conditions and an unpleasant walking experience. The correlation coefficient (0.69) between the PSI and GWI at a 99% significance level validated the safety assessment, providing confidence in the results. A seven-year (2024–2030) safety strategy is proposed to improve all roads to grade B. This strategy contains several interventions, including engineering improvement, which have been proven effective. This study offers evidence for city officials to improve pedestrian safety and informs walking policies and the implementation of upcoming projects. Future research should quantify the recommendations’ benefits and validate indexes with crash or conflict data.

Designing and Planning of Studies of Driver Behavior at Pedestrian Crossings Using Whole-Vehicle Simulators

The paper presents a proposed methodology for designing and planning research on driver behavior at pedestrian crossings using whole-vehicle simulators. It was assumed that dedicated research should be conducted in specific problem contexts. The problems identified were the identification of hazards and the risk of accidents involving vulnerable road users. The purpose of this identification is to determine the determinants of safety at pedestrian crossings, which should constitute guidance when designing new solutions for safety support systems at pedestrian crossings. A number of hazard factors were identified; divided into categories, including types of crossings, location, and surroundings; behavior of vulnerable road users; and attention (focus) distractors, both inside and outside the vehicle. A method for defining and selecting research scenarios and selecting a group of research participants was proposed. Additionally, it was proposed to conduct repeatable test scenarios for different driving speeds and different weather conditions. With respect to the publications on this topic, this work focuses on the process of designing and planning dedicated simulation studies, which may provide a source of guidance and good practices for other researchers. This is an example of how interdisciplinary research involving human factors, traffic organization, and ITS systems can be planned and implemented.