Pedestrian Communication Research Articles

Challenges and Ways to Improve Availability of Transport for Small Partnerships

The present paper discusses results of the studies on establishment of the main reasons for access limitations of transport, including pedestrian communications, and for people with limited mobility in Russia. It suggests the main ways to solve the problems identified. In this paper, transport means a system that includes: vehicles, transport infrastructure facilities, transport and pedestrian communications, information support, services and personnel in transport.

A Cooperative Car-Following/Emergency Braking System With Prediction-Based Pedestrian Avoidance Capabilities

Urban environments are among the most challenging scenarios for car-following systems, since pedestrians may interfere with the platoon unexpectedly. To address this problem, this paper proposes a cooperative system using vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-pedestrian communication links. A fractional-order control-based cooperative adaptive cruise control benefits of communication for tighter inter-vehicle distances, while pedestrian communication is fused with LiDAR sensing to allow the detection of occluded pedestrians. The prediction of the pedestrians’ trajectories is used to perform a speed reduction or an emergency braking that interrupts the car-following yif necessary. Whenever a platoon decoupling occurs, a gap-closing maneuver is executed so that the ego-vehicle rejoins the platoon in a string stable way. The complete system was tested on experimental platforms at inria facilities, providing encouraging results and demonstrating the correct performance of the integrated systems.

The Development of Intra-Quarter Territories of the Historical Center of St. Petersburg with Consideration of Consumer Activity of the Population

Prospects for the development of the historical center of St Petersburg are considered. The specifics of its residential quarters housing are revealed, which occupies more than a thousand hectares and is based on the use of two contrasting morphotypes - exterior and intra-quarter. There is a tendency to use intra-quarter territories for public purposes. The difficulties encountered in the implementation of the variant in which the open courtyards were the key object are analyzed. A tendency for spontaneous privatization and the passive use of household plots are fixed, which results in their exclusion from the urbanization process. Passivity of administrative bodies is noted in the absence of effective financial and legal instruments for regulating urban development The concept of arrangement of intra-quarter passages (a variant of the popular St Petersburg courtyards) is proposed. Their system is designed to compensate for thelow density of the street network in the center of St Petersburg and improve the conditions of pedestrian communications. The basis for the implementation of such projects may be intra-quarter depressive sites. There is a possibility for accommodation of various objects of social infrastructure along the transport routes, designed for the conditions of passing services. It is proposed to take into account the successful experience of entrance courtyards usage on the territory of blocks and the development of roofs for excursions. It is assumed that this approach can attract private investment to rehabilitate depressed areas.

Methods of the development of pedestrian traffic routes in the historical center of Saint Petersburg

Abstract The article focuses on the need to improve the conditions of pedestrian traffic in the historical center of Saint Petersburg, which is currently complicated due to the excessive number of cars in the center. Here, pedestrian routes are located within city streets and are adjacent to traffic flows. Ecological conditions in the historical center are unfavorable for living and walking: on streets with traffic jams and parked cars, people are exposed to noise and gas pollution. It is emphasized that the tension of the situation is mainly caused by the peculiarities of the urban-planning situation. In the center, large-scale quarters, sizes of which significantly exceed those of their European analogues, prevail. As a result, the density of the street network is low in this area. It is noted that the emergence of communicating courtyards crossing quarters and their active use became a spontaneous reaction of the population to the rigid urban-planning structure. It is proposed to take into account their functioning in the formation of a system of pedestrian routes independent of the street network, to use the potential of depressive areas in the internal development territories with dark unventilated yards and housing stock unsuitable for living. Particular attention is paid to the situation with the embankments that have a unique art potential. They have been turned into transport arteries. Therefore, possibilities of their use by city residents and tourists have been decreased. Taking into account the historical experience and cases of international implementation, it is proposed to separate transport and pedestrian flows, introducing two-level embankments. It is noted that this solution will make it possible to address the unique landscape potential of the historical center by means of construction of a walking route along the bank line near the Peter and Paul Fortress. A need to develop a project for the regulation of pedestrian communications in the historical center of the city is considered.

Basic Study Regarding Driver's Acceptability of Automated Driving System Which Adopts Vehicle to Vehicle and Vehicle to Pedestrian Communication System

Basic Study Regarding Driver's Acceptability of Automated Driving System Which Adopts Vehicle to Vehicle and Vehicle to Pedestrian Communication System

Use of Ant Algorithms to Optimize Pedestrian Communication Routes with the Application of GIS Tools: A Case Study of Olsztyn

The authors describe the rules for the use of qualitative research methods and optimization in conjunction with GIS tools to assess and optimize the pedestrian communication. Research was carried out on a part of the urban space, which is characterized by large and visible population trends. The analysis that was carried out resulted in creating cartographic imaging of the pedestrian communication system state in the urban space, its consistency and to provide directions for its modernization. The simplest example of a system that resembles the behaviour of ants is the system of pedestrian communication. This system has the features of self-organization, a permanent and flexible response to changes in a short period of time. Therefore, it is a perfect example of the system that can be optimized with the use of the so-called ant algorithms. The aim of this paper is to present the applicability of methods based on ant systems, which can be used for searching the optimum agent passage routes according to the imposed selection criteria. The communication function is one of the most important functions of urbanized areas. Communication routes define the city plan and undoubtedly influence spatial perception and usefulness, introduce movement into space and at the same time enable learning about space. Because of the rising urbanization level and accumulation of spatial functions, communication organization is an important task, often determining spatial usefulness. The problem of communication organization results, among others, from the rising number of space users, which requires the adaptation of the communication infrastructure to their needs.

An Energy Efficient Vehicle to Pedestrian Communication Method for Safety Applications

In vehicular safety applications, vehicles exchange safety messages, which include vehicle's speed, location, and so on. Based on these messages, the safety applications can take appropriate action. In order to increase reliability of the safety message, WAVE standard is being researched. The WAVE standard defines various procedure to support reliable safety message transmission. However, although the standard can support V2V accident avoidance, it overlooks a vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) accident since we do not have any support to exchange the safety messages between the pedestrians and vehicles. Nowadays, the pedestrians will be able to exchange the safety messages with vehicles through the mobile devices such as smartphone to avoid the V2P accidents. However, unlike vehicles, the mobile devices are energy-constrained since they work with limited batteries. Moreover, the reliability of the V2V safety applications can be decreased due to collision between safety messages transmitted from the mobile devices. In order to provide energy efficient V2P communication and reduce the collision between safety messages, a group based mobile device management method is required. In this paper, we therefore introduce our V2P accident avoidance scenario and propose energy efficient methods to enable the V2P communication based on Wi-Fi Direct technique which is a promising group-based wireless device management technique.

Design and evaluation of V2X communication system for vehicle and pedestrian safety

As the vehicles gain the extensive popularity and increasing demand, traffic accident is one of the most serious problems faced by modern transportation system. Hereinto, crashes between cars and pedestrians cause plenty of injuries and even death. Diverting attention from walking to smartphones is one of the main reasons for pedestrians getting injured by vehicles. However, the traditional measures protecting pedestrians from the vehicles heavily rely on the sound warning method, which do not capable for pedestrians focusing on the smartphones. As the smartphones become ubiquitous and intelligent, they have the capacity to provide alert for the pedestrians with the help of vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communication. In this paper, an efficient vehicle-to-X (V2X) communication system is designed for the vehicle and pedestrian communication to guarantee the safety of people. It achieves the IEEE 802.11p and the WiFi protocols meanwhile on the on-board unit (OBU) designed for vehicles. Extensive evaluation shows that the OBU can provide the reliable communication for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and V2P in terms of packet delivery rate and average delay. Furthermore, two safety applications have been developed to protect the safety of vehicles and pedestrians based on the data transferred from the OBU. The first application is designed to show the driving information and provide the collision forewarning alert on the tablet within the vehicle. The second application is developed for the smartphone to provide forewarning alert information to the smartphone-distracted vulnerable pedestrians. Smartphone states are appreciable to provide the adaptive alert modes. Experimental results show that these applications are capable of alerting the intersection accidents, and the pedestrians can get the adaptive alerts according to smartphone usage contexts.

Does communication enhance pedestrians transport in the dark?

We study the motion of pedestrians through an obscure tunnel where the lack of visibility hides the exits. Using a lattice model, we explore the effects of communication on the effective transport properties of the crowd of pedestrians. More precisely, we study the effect of two thresholds on the structure of the effective nonlinear diffusion coefficient. One threshold models pedestrian communication efficiency in the dark, while the other one describes the tunnel capacity. Essentially, we note that if the evacuees show a maximum trust (leading to a fast communication), they tend to quickly find the exit and hence the collective action tends to prevent the occurrence of disasters. Nous étudions la dynamique des mouvements de foules dans un tunnel dans lequel la visibilité est très réduite. Nous nous intéressons tout particulièrement à des tunnels dont les sorties ne sont pas visibles. À l'aide de notre modèle – un automate cellullaire – nous exploitons les effets de la communication interpersonnelle parmi les piétons sur la structure de la non-linearité du coefficient de diffusion. Nous modélisons l'efficacité de la communication interpersonnelle ainsi que la capacité des sorties à l'aide de deux barrières.

The quality of pedestrian space in the city: a case study of Olsztyn

Abstract The system of pedestrian urban space is the primary source of information on the state of the space. Walking around a city, we are perceptually building in our mind its physiognomic silhouette, which becomes the basis for evaluating the attractiveness of a city. Unfortunately, pedestrian traffic is rarely the subject of careful planning and design. Usually it regulates itself or is a side-effect of building an extensive system of road communication. On the other hand, concepts of shaping this system as a primary one appear more and more often, and pedestrian space is seen as high priority public space. The purpose of the article was to evaluate qualitative evaluation methods determining the current state of pedestrian pathways in the town Giżycko. Valuing quality, as a part of the science called qualimetrics, refers to determining the quality of objects which are the product of human activities, designed to meet the needs of human beings. At the root, it is a science relating to the determination of the quality of market items, supporting the production management process. As space, particularly urbanized, is created by people to satisfy their needs, it was concluded that quality valuation methods may also be useful to assess the quality of space. The article focuses on the quality of pedestrian routes that are essential to the central part of Giżycko. For these routes, the current state of the features identified as key for their quality was investigated, and quality classes of the routes were determined by analysis. The procedure can be a tool supporting the planning and implementation of modernization and renovation works for the area of pedestrian communication, and thus the image of the city.

A92 Developing an Evidence-Informed Pedestrian Safety Communication Campaign

Abstract Background Pedestrian fatalities have been increasing in the U.S. and almost three quarters occur in an urban setting. To reduce the risk of pedestrian injury among individuals on and around an urban, academic healthcare campus, a communication campaign was created as one component of a comprehensive pedestrian safety intervention Methods A 10-minute online survey, open for 3 weeks in Aug-Sept 2013, was distributed via email and e-newsletters to the target audience - members of an academic healthcare community and residents in the community. Neighborhood partners worked with low-income and low-literacy residents to access and complete the survey if they desired. Based on the online survey data, strategic and creative approaches for a pedestrian safety communication campaign were developed and tested with n=4 focus groups composed of target audience participants. The final strategic and creative approach was determined from the results of the focus groups, which involved open-ended questions and discussions as well as the participants completing rating sheets. Results Most respondents reported that pedestrian safety was an important or very important problem (97%) and that drivers and pedestrians (74%) contributed equally to it. 56% reported that a communication campaign to educate pedestrians and drivers about how to stay safe would be effective or very effective in improving pedestrian safety. Open-ended questions solicited suggestions for persuasive campaign messages. Focus group participants (n=31) rated “Alertness” as the most effective strategic approach and “Be alert. Don’t get hurt.” as the most effective creative message. Conclusions Pedestrian safety campaigns are often created without the use of formative research. Soliciting information and opinions from the target audience bolsters the chance of developing a communication campaign targeted to its needs. This work demonstrates how collecting both quantitative and qualitative data from the target audience can inform the development of a campaign to maximize the impact on reducing pedestrian injuries.

THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT IN SELECTED EUROPEAN MARINAS PART ONE

Marinas are extremely complex urban solutions that incorporate all the necessary communication routes in its structure. The role of transport in selected European marinas can vary depending on location and conditions of an area. The study covered the role of transport in combination with air, sea, rail transport and shared zones for pedestrians and vehicles in Royan Marina (France) and Brighton Marina Village (Great Britain). The summary highlights and identifies the key features, pointed out by users, considered as advantageous or disadvantageous for selected European marinas from the point of view of transport and architectural and urban design solutions. Transport connections including car traffic, sea-lanes, rail traffic, pedestrian communication are presented in the paper. Network of communication connection in Royan Marin and Brighton Marina Village is subject of the paper. The paper covered the role of road transport in combination with air, sea, rail transport and shared zones for pedestrians and vehicles.

Treatment of pedestrian communication accessibility in the process of urban design: Case study of Institute for orthopedic surgery "Banjica"

The pedestrian communication in exterior design of the Institute for Orthopedic Surgery "Banjica" was analyzed in terms of its physical accessibility for people who have some difficulty in mobility. Checklists were used for analysis of different elements that influence users mobility, as well as photo analysis for a clearer display of the established barriers to movement. The results showed the presence of a number of obscales which hinder the movement of certain groups of users, therefore, the spaces of pedestrian communication were evaluated as partially accessible. It can be concluded that it is necessary to provide an accessible environment, arranged with respect to human diversity, to ensure to persons with disabilities, as well as for all other citizens, equal opportunities and participation in all social trends and activities, especially the ability to freely access to all health care institutions.

The quality of service level of mass passenger public transport station

This paper presents a model for defining the quality of service level of mass passenger public transport (MPPT) station for passengers and vehicles. Comprehensive studies were conducted regarding passengers and vehicle operations at multi-modal interchange stations in MPPT system in Belgrade, Serbia during morning and afternoon peak hours. The paper gives the results of model implementation in real system with the example of interchange station Mostar in mass passenger public transport system in Belgrade. Transport demand characteristics (boardings, alightings, passenger volumes) for each stop are given here with the aim of determining the quality of service level of station area and pedestrian communications. Second part presents basic operating elements (headways, deceleration and acceleration of vehicles, stop dwell time), with the aim of determining the quality of service level of station for the vehicles. Key words: Mass passenger public transport, interchange station, level of service, station capacity.

Pedestrian behavior and communication research

Pedestrian behavior and communication research