Peasant Women Research Articles

Women's issue at the dawn of establishment of civil society in Vladimir Governorate (February – October 1917)

This article explores the establishment of civil society in Vladimir Governorate between the February and October Revolutions of 1917. Women for the first time became legally its full-fledged subject. Based on the documents preserved in the State Archive of Vladimir Region, State Archive of the Russian Federation, press materials (newspapers “Staryi Vladimirets”, “Vladimirskaya Zhizn”, "Svobodny Muromsky Golos”), the author examines the perception of the political events of that time by women of the governorate; outlines the urgent problems that women were concerned with; describes attitude towards the received suffrage and areas of manifestation of their social activity; as well as perception of the new in women’s rights by male part of the population. After the February Revolution of 1917 in Russia, the important steps were taken towards establishment of civil society with women being its full-fledged subject. Among the residents were not engaged in the revolutionary movement, most activity demonstrated the townswomen. They supported the implementation of universal suffrage, created women's communities, and participated in the discussion of urgent problems. Peasant women were mainly concerned with survivability of their families during difficult times. They were not familiar with the political life of the country and governorate, and unaffected by electoral campaigns into the district self-governance. This was justified by their tough financial situation, patriarchal structure in families, and lack of education.

To the casuistry of childbirth with fused twins

On April 13, 1895, at 5 o'clock in the morning, a peasant woman, 23 years old, was admitted to the clinic with labor pains. When asked, it turned out that labor began at 2 am on April 13, that she was pregnant in the 4th section; the previous labor was completely normal; the last regulation was at the end of July. The study produced the following: The pelvis is almost normal: dis. sp. 24.5, dis. cr. 27, intertr. 31, conj. ext. 19. The uterus is ovoid. The heartbeat of the fetus is heard on the right below the navel, 132 beats per minute. Full throat opening. The bubble is intact. Head to be presented. The arrow-shaped suture in the right oblique size of the pelvis; a small fontanel is felt to the right posteriorly. The second position was established, the rear view. As soon as the women in labor had time to take a bath, the waters passed. The head, which was still in the entrance of the pelvis, began to descend little by little into the cavity. At 8 a.m. 40 m, that is, after 3 hours with more than a rupture of the bladder, the head began to press on the perineum, which lasted more than half an hour, and finally at 9 o'clock. 15 minutes. the head has erupted. The born head, having made a slight movement first to the left and then to the right, turned its face towards the symphysis. At this moment, the forward movement of the fetus stopped.

A case of colpotomiae in an ectopic pregnancy

Tatiana M., average build, 30 years old, peasant woman, gave birth to two, miscarriages 2, the last birth 10 years ago, the blood always flowed correctly, after three weeks, 4 days each. From the end of May 1892 until half of July there was a delay in blood, from the beginning of July there was bleeding, it lasted about two weeks and the stomach was very painful. On July 20, the patient was admitted to the provincial zemstvo hospital, with the following phenomena: she complains of cramping pains in the lower abdomen, aggravated by movement, bleeding, not strong, but continuing for the second week, frequent urination and constipation at the bottom.

Obstetric and gynecological notes

I. Annular prolapse of the mucous membrane of the urethra (gangrenous); ripped out and seams; recovery.
 Around November 20, 1894, a peasant woman Avdotya V va, 21 years old, from the village of Usman came to the Usman outpatient clinic. A student with a complaint of frequent urination and that "there is a lump in the anterior external passage".

A case of vaginal infection with the formation of haematometra and haematocolpos after the first birth

On February 12, 1893, the peasant woman Shimakova was admitted to the women's department of the Oryol provincial hospital with a complaint of the growth of her abdomen and severe pain in it. She gave birth to the first time 6 months ago. Childbirth is difficult, the child was born dead. After the birth of the ailment 3 weeks. Measurement of the pelvis was given by tr. 29, sp. 25 cr., 26, conj. ext.16.

D.A. Carr. The case of haematocolpos et haematometra unilateralis. (Protocol of the meeting of the Obstetric and Gynecological Society in Kiev, book 7, 1894, p. 149)

Peasant woman 20 years old. Blood from 15 years, through irregular intervals, in the last time painful. In the abdomen of the patient, a swelling is felt, rapidly growing. It is shaped like a one-horned uterus. Continuing it into the vagina, there is a tumor along the right wall, extending to the very entrance to the vagina.

Ação coletiva e políticas públicas: mulheres camponesas na construção da Política de Saúde das Populações do Campo, da Floresta e das Águas

Este artigo analisa a atuação do Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas (MMC) no processo de construção da Política Nacional de Saúde Integral das Populações do Campo, da Floresta e das Águas (PNSIPCFA). Configura-se como um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, embasado no reconhecimento e na valorização das ações coletivas desse grupo social na área da saúde pública. As técnicas de coleta de dados consistiram na realização de observação participante, entrevista exploratória e grupo focal. A partir dos achados empíricos e com base no conceito de ação coletiva em Alberto Melucci, considera-se que as ações dos movimentos sociais influenciam a construção da política pública e a produção da realidade social, pois os resultados evidenciam o protagonismo do MMC em espaços representativos de planejamento, elaboração e avaliação de políticas públicas, como o Grupo da Terra, o observatório de acompanhamento e avaliação da referida política e os conselhos municipais de saúde. O MMC realiza ações de enfrentamento, resistência e pressão no Estado por meio de marchas, caminhadas e atos públicos, em parceria com outras organizações, em defesa da saúde pública e efetivação da PNSIPCFA. Também é protagonista no que se refere a ações de formação/capacitação junto ao Movimento para a disseminação e compreensão do conteúdo da Política.

Migratio ovi et seminis extrauterina

Case I. Peasant woman, 31 years old, giving birth; after a two-month absence of menstruation, sudden pain in the lower abdomen and loss of consciousness. Hemorrhage in the posterior Douglas space and general peritonitis. The posterior fornix was opened through the vagina (blood and pus). The patient died.

Birth by triplets

A peasant woman, 25 years old, is pregnant for the third time. Childbirth 8 weeks before due date; arrived with contractions.

A case of incomplete separation of the hymen

Maria R.R. (Medical. Zhurn., No. 593), a peasant woman of the Novgorod province, married, 27 years old, was admitted to the Hospital Obstetric and Gynecological Clinic of prof. K. Ѳ. Slavyansky on September 10, 1891, about complaints of pain in the lower abdomen, difficult and painful urination, lack of blood for two months, constipation and loss of sleep.

Several data on the sexual activity of the peasant women of the Taganrog district of the Oblast of the Don Army

The author interviewed 1,328 women, exclusively peasant women, who always lived in the countryside, about the beginning of the regulation and it turned out that on average it corresponds to 16.47 years. These data are closest to the observations of Nikolsky in the Tambov district, Lieven in Russia in general and prof. Slavyansky in the Mikhailovsky district of the Ryazan province.

Case of haemelytrometra unilateralis with uterus duplex separatus

Patient Anna I., 18 y.o. by birth, a peasant woman of medium height, good physique, a year before admission to the Izhevsk zemstvo hospital, she noticed a swelling in the lower abdomen, gradually increasing and causing severe pain, especially during menstruation. The first menstruation appeared on the 14th year and were established in 4-week terms for 2-3 days. The pregnancy that came soon ended in a two-month miscarriage. After that, the blood was again established at the correct time, and at the same time, abdominal pains appeared, forcing the patient to go to the hospital.

\u201cIt may also have prevented churchgoers from falling asleep\u201d: southernwood, Artemisia abrotanum L. (fam. Asteraceae), in the church bouquet, and its contemporary presence as a heritage plant in Sweden

IntroductionSouthernwood, Artemisia abrotanum L., is a plant that has been cultivated for centuries. Most probable is that it has its origin in the eastern Mediterranean area. It has been kept for its fragrance and has a history of being a medicinal and insect-repellent plant. In earlier centuries, the plant was commonly found in peasants’ gardens in Sweden and utilised especially as a component in the bouquets brought to church by women. The aim of this article is to bring together data about Artemisia abrotanum and to summarise its cultural history and folk botanical importance. In Sweden, it is still grown in some gardens in the countryside and is esteemed for its fragrance.MethodsIn the early twentieth century, various folklore archives in Sweden (Lund, Uppsala) distributed questionnaires about the use of church bouquets. These records provided interesting information about the importance of southernwood and other species. We have also used data found in ethnographic records and local historical reports. Between 2007 and 2017, a nationwide inventory organised by the Programme for Diversity of Cultivated Plants (POM) documented and gathered several heirloom varieties of southernwood.Results and discussionTogether with a few other domestic plants of foreign origin (e.g. Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Tanacetum balsamita L., and Tanacetum vulgare L.), Artemisia abrotanum has been cultivated throughout Sweden in peasants’ gardens as a medicinal plant and for its fragrance. According to the sources, Artemisia abrotanum was one of the most common species cultivated by the Swedish peasantry. Although used in folk medicine and to some extent as a repellent, it was most esteemed for its fragrance. Peasant women would carry a twig of the plant in the obligatory church bouquet or in the hymnal when attending the services in the Lutheran church on Sundays. In Sweden, this custom with the church bouquet has been known since the time of the Reformation in the sixteenth century and survived until the late nineteenth century, when major changes took place in connection with industrialisation, modernisation, secularisation and urbanisation. Although the custom with the church bouquet disappeared, nationwide inventories conducted by the Programme for Diversity of Cultivated Plants in 2007–2015 revealed that the plant still exists in many gardens on the countryside throughout Sweden as a cultural relict and reminiscence plants. People care for the plant, have sentiments for it and it is spread from person-to-person. Several heirloom varieties have been discovered, which will be preserved ex situ for the future.ConclusionsSouthernwood was probably the most commonly used herb in the peasant women’s church bouquet until the end of the nineteenth century. It had a satisfying fragrance and was easy to grow. Although the custom has disappeared, the plant has survived until the present day in many gardens as a reminiscence of the custom of former times.

Tubal pregnancy. Gluttony with a favorable outcome

Patient T.K., a peasant woman, 36 years old, was admitted to the hospital on March 28, 1891 with complaints of general weakness, pain in the abdomen and blood discharge from the genitals. The first regulations appeared at the age of 14 and were soon established in the correct 3-week periods, lasting 5-6 days in moderate quantities. She got married at 20, gave birth 2 times. After the last birth, which was 7 years ago, pains in the genital area and leucorrhoea appeared, from which the patient was treated in the hospital. About two months ago, pains in the abdomen, lower back, a feeling of pressure on the bottom, difficult urination, constipation and blood discharge from the uterus appeared again.

21 OVARIOTOMY

№ 152. Colloid unilocular cyst of the right ovary without adhesions. Recovery.
 A.N. Shch., A peasant woman in the Yaroslavl province, was admitted to the Maryinsky Gynecological Department on March 17, 1888 with a complaint of heaviness in the abdomen and pain in the lower back.

GÉNERO, BIODIVERSIDAD Y SOBERANÍA ALIMENTARIA EN LOS ECOSISTEMAS DEL ALTO MAYO, PÓSIC, RIOJA, SAN MARTÍN -EL CASO DE LA CAMPESINA CAROLINA OCAMPO SOPLAC

This document is based on a case study of small-scale peasant agriculture and in this case linked to a peasant woman who is a conservator of biodiversity; It was carried out in the district of Cartel, province of Rioja, department of San Martín, Upper Amazon of Peru. Open and semi-structured interviews were conducted and direct observations were made of the various activities that this peasant family, which exists on its family farms, with tours of each of its plots that it has on its plots, with the aim of recording on -site information regarding to the diversity that they collect, conserve, the uses and destinations that this diversity has, concentrating on the value of diversity that is oriented to the market and food security; Data from diversified production, production volumes, values to each of them and the destinations of production for food security were analyzed; confirming their resilience, adaptation and mitigation to the disorders of the contexts that currently appear. Keywords. Accompaniment, Peasant Woman, In situ, Food Security, Diversity and Local Markets

To the casuistry of detachments of the baby's head during forcible removal of the prostrate leg

On February 27, 1891, in the evening, a peasant woman from Myshkinsky district, Ploshchinsky volost, village Gorki, Penila Sh., 32 years old, was taken to the Uglich Zemsky hospital.

To casuistry foreign bodies of the female urinary bladder

Alexandra Ermolaeva, a peasant woman from the Smolensk district, Spasskaya volost, 22 years old, was admitted to the Smolensk Provincial Zemsky Hospital on February 2, 1890, complaining of complete urinary incontinence, severe pain in the lower abdomen, in the lower back, and external genital organs, constipation and pain.

A case of prolapse of the uterus, cured by Brandt's method

The author uses the massage according to the principles described by Profanter, Remizov, Nordstrm, and observed by the author in the clinics of prof. D.O. Ott and V.O.Snegirev. The case concerns a peasant woman 23 years old, after the second (last) birth, 2 1/2 years ago, who suppressed uterine prolapse in her, which grew more and more wider.

A case of sarcomatous degeneration of both ovaries. Successful laparotomy with relative recovery

Peasant woman 27 y.o., virgo intacta, in good general health. Menstruation from 15 liters, not abundant, after 28 days, 3-4 days. About six months ago - the appearance of menorrhagia, but during the last 5 months there is no blood at all. 5 months ago, the patient covered up a swelling on the left side of the abdomen, which was rapidly increasing.