Peasant War Research Articles

Michael F. Jiménez (1948-2001)

Michael F. Jiménez (1948-2001)

Russia's First Civil War. The Time of Troubles and the Founding of the Romanov Dynasty by Chester S. L. Dunning (review)

REVIEWS 143 developed institutional and informal cooperation that reduced the risksand the costs of international trading, and did this before the structuresof the modern state emerged in the Swedish kingdom. The changes that this would involve were only beginning to appear at the point in time where this study concludes. There is a usefulEnglish-languagesummary. University ofStAndrews A. F. UPTON Dunning, Chester S. L. Russia'sFirst Civil War.ne Timeof Troubles andthe Founding oftheRomanov Dynasty. PennsylvaniaUniversityPress,University Park, PA, 200I. Xiii + 657 pp. Illustrations.Maps. Notes. Bibliography. Index. ?54.00? 'THETime of Troubles', the interregnumand period of civil strifein Russia (usually dated I598-I613) which marked the end of the Riurikid and the establishmentof the Romanov dynasties,has had a chequeredhistoriography. It is bedevilledby a profusionof shadowyactorsand a confusion of sources,as well asby ideological slantsand rivalrieswhich began in the Time of Troubles itself.Prof.Dunning, who has studiedthe period for many years, setsout here to put the record straight. He offers a comprehensively detailed narrative account of events, every twist and turn of every conspiracy and campaign. This is underpinned by a clearly articulated conceptual framework, and accompanied by a constant critical engagement with the historiography the book is littered with sentences such as 'That interpretation lacks any substance'and 'Let us have a closerlook at'. Dunning uses recent scholarship and recent theory to good effect, relying particularlyon the concept of the fiscal-military state and the ideas of Jack Goldstone on the nature and preconditions of early-modernrebellion, and his opening chapters especially provide both an excellent scholarly synthesis and a comparative European analysis. He justifies his title by reference to the unification of Rus' under Moscow around I500, which divides the smutafrom the civil wars of the appanage period. He finds the longer-term causes of the Troubles in a set of critical conditions not unique to Muscovy and Ivan IV the Europe-wide impact of the 'little ice age' of the sixteenth century and the 'gentry crisis' which was part of the growing pains of the fiscal-militarystate:Muscovy was one of many. Proximatecauseslay above all in the discontentsof the southern frontier, and in the religious belief and 'popular monarchism' (a phrase borrowed from Maureen Perrie) of the Muscovite masses which made it difficultforunsuccessfulmonarchsnot of royallineage to maintainthemselves. A repetitive refrain is the rejection as motive of any form of class struggle, 'peasant war', social revolutionism, popular utopianism or protest against serfdom. The actors in this Time of Troubles were politically conservative, and motivated either by personalgreed, ambition and clan pride, by material grievance, or by theirunshakeablebelief in a 'true'tsarwho would restorethe God-given socialand economic orderwhich had disintegratedunderillegitimate monarchs. Dunning's 'Tsar Dmitrii' is a popular ruler traduced by the successful propaganda of the murderous usurper Vasilii Shuiski, a man of impressivequalities who believed in his own royalty and may perhaps really I44 SEER, 8o, I, 2002 have been the son of Ivan IV, or a protege'of anti-Godunov boyarsraised to become a pretender. The tale is told crisply,and Dunning makesgood use of vividand sometimesjudgmental adjectives('despicable','amazing','horrible', 'brilliant') which illuminate and 'beef up' (another Dunning favourite, of troop reinforcements) the narrative. This is a formidable and convincing presentation, even if on occasion Dunning's put-downs of his scholarly predecessors are not clearly explained. Its combative stance and appeal to theory invite further elaboration and analysis;but it is likely to remain the standardEnglish-languageworkfor some time to come. School ofSlavonic andEastEuropean Studies ROGER BARTLETT University College London Donnert, E. (ed.).Europa inderfriihen Jeuzeit.Festschriftfiir Giinter Mihlpfordt zum 75. Geburtstag: Band i. Vormoderne. Bohlau Verlag, Koin-Weimar, I997. 6I 2 pp. Tabula gratulatoria;Band 2. Frfihmoderne. Bohlau Verlag, KoinWeimar , I997. 663 pp.; Band 3. Aufbruch zurModerne. Bohlau Verlag, Koln-Weimar, I997. 80i pp.; Band 4. Deutsche Aufkldrung. BohlauVerlag, Koln-Weimar, I997. 754 pp. Listof contents,vols I-4; Band5.Aufklarung inEuropa. Bohlau Verlag,Koln-Weimar, I999. 882 pp. Listof authors. GUNTER MUHLPFORDT is one of the most distinguishedscholarsof the group which gathered around the historian of Eastern Europe, Eduard Winter, in the postwar GDR and produced notable researches into the European Enlightenment and German-Russian relations. Winter, a former priest...

Religion et société: Hypothèses de relecture des mouvements hérétiques

It is the author's hypothesis that the history of Christian heretical movements can be revisited from the point of view of the relationship — which could be described, in some of its aspects, as paradoxical — between the two extreme forms of religious experience and political experience: mysticism, as the highest degree of interior experience, and armed popular revolution, as the most radical moment of political engagement. The radical movement of the Reformation, Thomas Müntzer's thought and the events of the German Peasant War of 1525 are selected as a starting point because of their capacity to represent the most complete and coherent model of such a relationship, a model which, when projected over the entire span of the history of heretical movements of Christianity's second millennium, will yield interesting insights.

Collectivisation, révoltes paysannes et politiques gouvernementales [à travers les rapports du GPU d'Ukraine de février-mars 1930

Andrea Graziosi, Collectivization, peasant revolts and government policies through the reports of the Ukrainian GPU (February-March 1930). Seventeen up to now unpublished reports from the former party archives are presented to the reader. They were addressed to the Soviet leadership by the Ukrainian GPU in the cmcial moment of the peasants' reaction to the first wave of collectivization and dekulakization (February-March, 1930). The introductive essay discusses first the genera] interpretative problems they raise, focusing especially on the relationships between 1918-1921 and 1929- 1933, seen as two acts of the same peasant war. It then analyses the specific contributions these reports give to our knowledge of those cmcial months. The essay is concluded by a brief assessment of Western scholarship on collectivization before the opening of Russian archives.

The Towns of the Urals and the Volga Region during the Peasant War, 1773- 1775.

The Towns of the Urals and the Volga Region during the Peasant War, 1773- 1775.

Faith After Foundationalism.

Part 1: The Middle Ages 1. The Early Influence of Nature on the Public Mind 2. The Influence of Germanic Traditions 3. The Influence of Christianity 4. Charlemagne's Political System 5. The Fall of the Frankish Empire 6. Political Thought and Sentiment in the Time of the Late Carolingians 7. Religious Revival, Cluny and Lorraine 8. Germany Under the Saxon House 9. The Ideology of the Emperorship 10. The First Great Conflict with the Papacy 11. The Spirit of the High Middle Ages 12. The Rise and the Fall of the Hohenstaufens 13. Political Thought and Social Criticism in the Age of the Hohenstaufens 14. Opinions on the Decline of the Empire 15. Social Development and Colonisation 16. Rudolph of Habsburg and the Next-Following Kings 17. New Political and Spiritual Struggles with the Papacy 18. The Closing Middle Ages 19. Political Thought in the 15th Century 20. Social Criticism in the Late Middle Ages 21. The Development of Particularism and of the Constitutional Structure 22. The Effect of Particularism on the Law and Social Relations 23. The Jews in the Middle Ages 24. The Rise of National Power Politics in Europe. Maximilian I 25. Humanism and the Rise of the Modern Spirit Part 2: The Reformation and Counter-Reformation 1. Emperor Charles V 2. The Causes of the Reformation. Luther's Personality 3. Luther's Attack on the Papacy and its Immediate Consequences 4. Church Government and Social Reform in Luther's Thought 5. The Spreading of Luther's Teachings 6. Eberlin's Plan for a Democratic Welfare State 8. Revolutionary Agitation Amongst the Knights, Hutten's End 9. The Great Peasant War 10. Luther on War and Revolution 11. The Break with Humanism 12. The Rise of State Churches and a New Orthodoxy 13. The Anabaptists and Other Sects 14. The Freethinkers 15. Luther, the Turkish Menace and the Question of War 16. The Emperor, the Reichstag and the Protestants 17. The Civil War, the Religious Peace and its Effect 18. Calvin and the Reformed Church 19. The Regeneration of the Catholic Church and the Jesuits 20. Religious Strife Among the Protestants 21. The Counter-Reformation in Germany and Austria 22. Economic, Social and Cultural Developments 23. The Territorial States 24. The Thirty Years War 25. The Peace of Westphalia and the Aftermath of the War

On the Eve of Terrible Shocks: Preconditions of the First Peasant War in Russia.

On the Eve of Terrible Shocks: Preconditions of the First Peasant War in Russia.

R. G. Skrynnikov, the Time of Troubles, and the "First Peasant War" in Russia

R. G. Skrynnikov, the Time of Troubles, and the "First Peasant War" in Russia

Peasant Consciousness and Guerrilla War in Zimbabwe

Peasant Consciousness and Guerrilla War in Zimbabwe

The Change of Feudalism and the Outbreak of German Peasant War of 1525: A Structural Analysis

(1988). The Change of Feudalism and the Outbreak of German Peasant War of 1525: A Structural Analysis. Chinese Historians: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 1-16.

Peasant Consciousness and Guerrilla War in Zimbabwe: A Comparative Study.

Peasant Consciousness and Guerrilla War in Zimbabwe: A Comparative Study.

Vineyards, Vinedressers, and the Peasant's War in Franconia

Vineyards, Vinedressers, and the Peasant's War in Franconia

The Moscow uprising of September 1771.

The class struggle became sharply exacerbated in the 1760s and early 1770s, culminating in the Peasant War of 1773–75. The country's rural and urban population participated broadly in the movement. One of the most important urban disturbances in the early 1770s was the Moscow uprising of September 15–17, 1771, known in the historical literature as the "plague riot."

THE QUESTION OF LI YAN AS SEEN FROM THE GENEALOGICAL RECORDS OF THE LI CLAN OF QI COUNTY

AbstractWas there a man named Li Yan in the late Ming peasant war? Hitherto theories on this have been widely divergent.

Peasant consciousness and guerrilla war in Zimbabwe: a comparative study

Peasant consciousness and guerrilla war in Zimbabwe: a comparative study

Martin Luther's Left Turn: The Changing Picture of Luther in East German Historiography

IT WAS SOME TWO DECADES AGO that I first began to explore East Germany. The Berlin Wall had gone up in 1961, and diplomatic recognition by United States was still far away. At Museum for German History in former Hohenzollern Armory on Unter den Linden boulevard, East Germany presented its approved view of its past. The figure of Martin Luther, as I recall, was given very short shrift in favor of that of his more radical contemporary, Thomas Miintzer. The major historical event of sixteenth century was not Reformation, but rather Peasants' War. Thus revolutionary vision and zeal of German people were lauded, while blindness and exploitation of upper classes-including their religious leader, Martin Luther-were denounced. 1 The basic interpretive framework for this view had been laid down by Friedrich Engels. His brief book, The Peasant War in Germany, was written in 1850, praising the magnificent figure of Thomas Muenzer, and damning Luther's cowardly servility towards princes. Luther did receive positive recognition from Engels for his early reforming ardor when attacking Roman Catholic Church and for his translation of Bible into vernacular. But then, wrote Engels, Luther betrayed popular movement to princes and turned against peasantry with his well known pamphlet Against Murderous and Plundering Hordes of Peasants. Luther's stance did not surprise Engels, since in his view middle-class moderate Lutheran reform gathered

The Popes and European Revolution

Owen Chadwick describes the effects of the European Revolution of 1789 to 1815 on the Papacy, and compares Catholic Church of the ancient regime to that of the early nineteenth century. The book shows how strongly the Counter-Reformation still worked in Italy during the eighteenth century; how it was the constitutional development of states, rather than the incoming of new ideas, which forced change; how traditional was the Catholic world even in the age of the Enlightenment. It shows reform at work, and the fierce pressure on the Papacy marked first in the forced suppression of the Jesuits and afterwards in the kidnapping of two successive Popes by French governments. It shows how revolution in Italy affected church structures and brought on peasant war, yet encouraged, in a radical form, some improvements of church life towards which the earlier reformers had striven. Finally, it shows the political swing of the Restoration after the fall of Napoleon, the way in which the Church was already associated with the political right, the great difficulties of restoring church life after the evolutionary years, and the persistence, half unnoticed, of the earlier reforming ideas among Catholics.

Christianity and Politics: The Case of Gerrard Winstanley

“For I tell you and your preachers, that Scripture which saith The poor shall inherit the earth, is really and materially to be fulfilled. For the earth is to be restored from the bondage of sword property, and it is to become a common treasury in reality to whole mankind; for this is the work of the true saviour to do, who is the true and faithful Leveller, even the spirit and power of universal love...Thus wrote Gerrard Winstanley in 1650, about one year after the execution of Charles I. Sketching in the economic and political conditions of an earlier revolutionary period, Engels wrote in The Peasant War in Germany:“Even the so-called religious wars of the sixteenth century involved primarily positive material class interests. Although the class struggles of the day were carried out under religious shibboleths, and though the interests, requirements, and demands of the various classes were concealed behind a religious screen, this changed nothing in the matter and is easily explained by the conditions of the time.”

Book Notes

LABOR ESSAYS 1980. Edited by Gareth Evans and John Reeves. (Richmond, Vic: Drummond, 1980)AUSTRALIAN DEMOCRACY IN CRISIS: a radical approach to Australian politics. By Andrew C. TheophanousPEOPLE AND PARLIAMENT. Edited by John P. MackintoshBIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER OF THE TASMANIAN PARLIAMENT 1851‐1960. By Scott Bennett and Barbara BennettLAW, POLITICS AND THE LABOR MOVEMENT. Edited by Gareth EvansBROADCAST AND BE DAMNED: The ABC's First Two Decades. By Alan ThomasA MAJORITY OF ONE: Tom Aikens and Independent Politics In Townsville. By Ian MolesCRIME, LAW AND BUSINESS: The Sociological Sources of Australian Monopoly Law. By Andrew HopkinsELITISM. By G. Lowell Field and John HigleyCOMPULSORY VOTING: A Comparative Approach. By Lindsay SmithWHITE COLLAR POWER: A history of the ACOA. By Bruce JudderyRUSSIAN THINKERS. By Isaiah Berlin. Edited by Henry Hardy and Aileen KellyELITES IN AMERICAN HISTORY: The New Deal to the Carter Administration. By Philip H. Burch, JrFAMILIES IN FORMER TIMES: Kinship, Household and Sexuality. By Jean‐Louis FlandrinPOLITICAL THEORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE Studies In the Methodology of Political Inquiry. By Martin LandauSWEDISH SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC IDEOLOGY AND ELECTORAL POLITICS 1944‐1948: A Study of the Functions of Party Ideology. Stockholm Studies in Politics No.17. By Diane SainsburyTHE SWEDISH IMPERIAL EXPERIENCE 1560–1718. By Michael RobertsROUSSEAU AND WEBER: Two Studies in the Theory of Legitimacy. By J.G. MerquiorLATVIAN LITERATURE UNDER THE SOVIETS 1940–1975. By Rolfs EkmanisTHE MIDDLE EAST IN CHINA'S FOREIGN POLICY 1949–1977. By Yitzhak ShichorITALY, THE LEAST OF THE GREAT POWERS: Italian Foreign Policy before the First World War. By R.J.B. BosworthMA0 ZEDONG AND THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE BORDER REGION: A Translation of Mao's Economic and Financial Problems. By Andrew WatsonPOLAND AND UKRAINE PAST AND PRESENT. Edited by Peter J. PotichnyjTHE DISINTEGRATING WEST. By Mary KaldorTHE GERMAN PROBLEM RECONSIDERED: Germany and the World Order, 1870 to the Present. By David CalleoCOMPOSITION OF THE USSR SUPREME SOVIET, March 1979. Compiled by the BBC Monitoring Service and the BBC Reference LibraryDENZIL HOLLES 1598–1680 A Study of his Political Career. By Patricia CrawfordGERMANY IN WORLD POLITICS. Edited by Viola Herms DrathPERFORMANCE AND POLITICS IN POPULAR DRAMA: Aspects of Popular Entertainment in theatre, film and television 1800–1976. Edited by David Bradley, Louis James and Bernard SherrettRACE, CLASS AND REBELLION IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC. Edited by Alexander Mamak and Ahmed AliIMPERIALISM: The Expansion of EuropeINTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS IN THE U.S.: A Study of the Functions of, and Relationships among, Federal, State and Local Governments in the United States. By M.A. HaskellINTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS IN ENGLAND. By M.A. BainsFEDERALISM IN WEST GERMANY: The Functions and Relations of the Different Levels of Government. By Joan Rydon and H.A. WolfsohnPLURALISM AND CORPORATISM: The Political Evolution of Modern Democracies. By Reginald J. HarrisonTHE LOGIC OF MARX. By Jindrich ZelenyCUNNINGHAME GRAHAM: A Critical Biography. By Cedric Watts and Laurence DaviesIN FIRM HANDS: The Western Australian State Elections 1977. Edited by Barbara HamiltonFUNDAMENTALS AND FUNDAMENTALISTS: A Case Study of Education and Policy Making in Queensland. By Ann Cowers and Roger ScottENEMIES OF DEMOCRACY. By Paul McCormickA GUIDE TO MARXISM. By Joseph MartinVILLAGERS AT WAR: Some Papun New Guinean Experiences in World War II. By Neville K. RobinsonTHE GERMAN PEASANT WAR OF 1525 ‐ New Viewpoints. Edited by Bob Scribner and Gerhard BeneckeRADIO POWER: A History of 3ZZ. By Joan DugdaleYOUR DISOBEDIENT SERVANT. Second Edition. By Leslie ChapmanMELBOURNE STUDIES IN EDUCATION 1979. Edited by Stephen Murray‐SmithMACRO‐ECONOMIC POLICY IN AUSTRALIA, 1972–1976. By Ainsley JokyTHE ACCEPTABLE PRESSURE GROUP: Inequality in the penal lobby: a case study of the Howard League and RAP. By Mick RyanTHE FOUNDATIONS: An Anatomy of Philanthropic Bodies. Revised edition. By Ben Whitaker1976 POLICY GUIDE. The American Civil Liberties Union

The German Peasant War of 1525: New Viewpoints. Edited by Bob Scribner and Gerhard Benecke. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1979. x + 206 pp. $22.50.

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.