Pearson Product Moment Correlation Research Articles

Teachers’ Pedagogical Skills and Implementation of Trade/Entrepreneurship Subjects in Senior Secondary Schools in Uyo Education Zone, Nigeria

The study examined ‘Teachers’ Pedagogical Skills and Implementation of Trade/Entrepreneurship subjects in Senior Secondary Schools in Uyo Education Zone”. The design of the study was ex-post facto with a survey approach. The population of the study consisted of all 21,307 public senior secondary school II students (SS 2 students) in Uyo education zone. The sample size for the study was 600 respondents. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select the schools for the study. The instrument used for the study was “Teachers’ Pedagogical Skills and Implementation of Trade/Entrepreneurship subjects Questionnaire (TPSITESQ)”, which was validated by three experts; two experts in Curriculum and Instruction and one expert in Research Methodology all in University of Uyo. Cronbach’s Alpha statistical method was used to determine the reliability coefficient of .87 for the instrument. Five null hypotheses tested at .05 level of significance guided the study. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to test the null hypotheses. The results showed that there is significant relationship between teachers’ pedagogical skills and implementation of trade/entrepreneurship subjects in senior secondary schools. It was recommended based on the findings among other things that teachers should adopt innovating pedagogical skills that suit the trade/entrepreneurship subject he/she teaches.

Mediating roles of meaning in life and psychological flexibility in the relationships between occupational stress and job satisfaction, job performance, and psychological distress in teachers.

Employees may experience stress in the workplace for various reasons. Psychological strengths may help them to cope with emerging challenges and foster mental health and work productivity. This study examined the mediating roles of meaning in life and psychological flexibility in the relationships between perceived occupational stress and job satisfaction, job performance and psychological distress. This cross-section study included 554 teachers (56.0% males; Mage = 36.99 ± 7.88 years) at all school levels in Türkiye. The research data was collected through a convenience sampling method using an online survey. Participants completed self-report measures of meaning in life, psychological flexibility, perceived occupational stress, job satisfaction, job performance, and psychological distress. Pearson product-moment correlation and parallel mediation model using PROCESS macro (Model 4) were utilized to analyze the data. The results showed that perceived occupational stress had a significant effect on meaning in life, psychological flexibility, job satisfaction, job performance, and psychological distress. Also, meaning in life and psychological flexibility had significant effects on job satisfaction, job performance, and psychological distress. Furthermore, meaning in life and psychological flexibility partially mediated the relationships between occupational stress and job satisfaction, job performance, and psychological distress. These findings highlight the significance of considering meaning in life and psychological flexibility as crucial factors in mitigating the impact of occupational stress on employee mental health and work productivity. By focusing on enhancing employees' sense of meaning and their ability to adapt flexibly to workplace challenges, organizations can potentially create a better environment that fosters positive outcomes for both employees and the organization. However, the impact of occupational stress on job performance, job satisfaction and psychological distress may change over time. To address this concern, future research should test the model through a longitudinal study design.

Value Innovation Strategies and Sales Growth of Food and Beverage Firms in South-South Nigeria

This study examined value innovation strategies and sales growth of food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria. The study adopted the positivist research philosophy and the correlational research design. The population of this study consisted of all the 82 registered food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria. The sample size of 68 firms was used for the study. The sample size was determined using the Taro Yamene’s formula. The sampling unit was made up of managers of the 68 selected food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used as the main instrument for data collection. The data collected were analyzed statistically while the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) was used to test the formulated hypotheses. The SPSS software program version 24 was used to perform the bivariate analysis. The findings revealed that ideation has a significant relationship with sales volume growth of food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria. This study also found a significant relationship between ideation and sales revenue growth of food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria. A significant relationship was found between value creation and sales volume growth of food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria. The study equally found a significant relationship between value creation and sales volume growth of food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria Based on these findings, it was concluded that value innovation strategies such as ideation and value creation significantly relate to sales growth of food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria. Based on the findings and conclusion, it was recommended that food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria should adopt value innovation strategies as it would enhance the sales growth of their firms.

Frugal Innovation and Business Success of Food and Beverage Firms in South-South Nigeria

This study examined frugal innovation and business success of food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria. The study employed the correlational research design. The population of this study consisted of all the 82 registered food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria. The unit of analysis was made up of managers of the selected food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria. The sample size was determined using the Taro Yamene’s formula. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit data from the respondents. The data collected were analyzed statistically while the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) was used to test the formulated hypotheses. The SPSS software program version 24 was used to correlate the data collected on the study variables. The findings revealed that value innovation has a significant relationship with business success (sales growth and profitability growth) of food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria. This study also reported that cost cutting advancement has significant positive with business success (sales growth and profitability growth) of food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria. The study equally revealed that technological innovation has a significant relationship with business success (sales growth and profitability growth) of food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria. Based on these findings, it was concluded that frugal innovation is a significant predictor of business success of food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria. Based on the findings and conclusion, it was recommended that food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria should practice frugal innovation as it would enhance business success of food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria.

Toward a framework for the design of fair shared open spaces case study: Effat University, Jeddah

PurposeThis research aims to shed light on the utilization of open spaces at Effat University through a gender lens. By eliminating gender segregation, the study seeks to examine how these spaces are equitably shared between genders, while also delving into the realm of gender sensitive urban design (GSUD). Furthermore, the research strives to gain valuable insights into the experiences of female students in open spaces to propose a framework for the design of fair shared open spaces.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve these objectives, a multi-faceted approach was adopted. First, the research started by reviewing the literature about gender sensitive urban design and inclusive urban design to conclude the indicators examine how open spaces are shared fairly between both genders; second, an online questionnaire was administered to gather comprehensive data. Third, meticulous observations were conducted, involving the study, analysis and mapping of students' activities using maps and photos. Lastly, a walk shop was organized, with a focus group comprising of female participants. The collected data was then analyzed using SPSS descriptive statistics and the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, enabling the identification of key patterns and evaluating female students' satisfaction levels.FindingsThe findings unearth a distinctive perspective on the perception and needs of females within a unique subset of open spaces, referred to as “campus open spaces,” in the context of a gender sensitive urban design. This exploration provides valuable insights into the intricacies of gender dynamics within public spaces, contributing to a more inclusive and equitable environment for all individuals at Effat University, framework shows some of significant indicators that effect on other indicators strongly as sense of safety and security and the diversity of activities that increase visiting rates, sense of belonging.Originality/valueThis research presents a framework aimed at improving the concept of equitable and inclusive, open spaces, particularly on campuses within significant communities like KSA. The focus is on creating fair shared places that facilitate interaction and cater to the social and cultural needs of students, with a particular emphasis on supporting female students. By enhancing their sense of belonging and addressing their unique requirements, this framework aims to positively impact their academic performance while fostering an inclusive and engaging campus environment.

Inquiry-Based Learning Resource Material for Improved Integrated Process Skills in Elementary Science

Poor science education techniques may lead to low science competence. The shift in education tends to be in distance learning, which negatively impacts Philippine Education. Consequently, educators are looking for the best innovations to help bridge the science education gap, especially in teaching techniques. This study focuses on developing an inquiry-based learning resource to enhance the integrated science process skills of Grade 4 students in Science at Del Remedio Elementary School, San Pablo City, Philippines. Descriptive-developmental methodology was used for this study, which is a process aimed at developing and evaluating a learning tool. The participants of this research are the grade 4 learners of Del Remedio Elementary School. The developed inquiry-based learning resources meet the criteria of being highly acceptable in terms of graphic design and layout feasibility, construction feasibility, language feasibility, and content feasibility, as per the findings. The dependent samples t-test revealed that students' pre-test and post-test scores are significantly different from their integrated science process skills; this implies that their grades improved after inquiry-based learning. The Pearson Product-Moment correlation shows a significant relationship between the students; inquiry-based learning technique and their level of integrated science process skills, with a significant level of 0.05. This led to the conclusion that the technique implemented to be used in the developed resource material helps students improve their understanding of the lesson, leading them to higher achievements.

Ethnic model along differentiation between justified death attitude and polls in a cross-cultural generational study

Background: “Justified Death Attitude (JDA) is imminent and likely paradoxical behavior against self threat to keep of self in modification for elimination of the opponent mentally or physically”the first author defined. The former studies have indicated that Justified Death Attitude Scale (JDAS) has both validity and reliability of the young majority society Shia, but we do not know whether or not it is a valid or reliable scale of minority societies Sunni, Assyrian and the old generation. If it has, can the scale discriminate between the JDA and the poll? Objectives: It is a cross-sectional study to evaluate development of JDAS comprehensively because different generations, multi ethnicities, and social variables affect attitude and cognition persistently. Method: 744 participants (368 male and 376 female) were selected through the convenience sampling method in Tehran, Ilam, Khoram Abad, and Sanandaj. The participants were of the following demographic properties: 528 adult and 216 older adult participants; 538 Shia, 108 Sunni, and 98 Assyrian participants; 460 normal and 284 abnormal participants. Participants carried out the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and JDAS. 115 answer sheets were cancelled (less than 5%). Results: A Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, binomial tests, Chi square tests, and Jonckheere-Terpstra tests are performed to analyze the data. Multiethnic studies indicate that JDAS is a valid scale for adult and older adult participants and Shia, Sunni, and Assyrian participants (p>0.05). Meanwhile, attitude and polls are two different phenomena in the collision between capital punishment, the kind of death penalties, the agreement of euthanasia, and kind of euthanasia %61, %57, %56, and %61, respectively, because of different propositional and associative processes. The Chi-square indicates that gender, generations, ethnics, and sanity influence polls significantly. In line with the ethnic model of JDA, ethnics influence legal and medical subscales significantly according to Jonckheere-Terpstra tests. Conclusion: The bases of polls and attitude are conformity and self, respectively. So, the poll coefficient of error is very high to assess social ideas. Although you could find some similarities between polls and attitude, they are different phenomena principally.

No Association Between Injury-Related Fear and Isokinetic Quadriceps Strength in Individuals With a History of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Injury-related fear and quadriceps strength are independently associated with secondary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk. It is not known whether injury-related fear and quadriceps strength are associated, despite their individual predictive capabilities of secondary ACL injury. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between injury-related fear and quadriceps strength in individuals at least 1year after ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Cross-sectional study. Forty participants between the ages of 18 and 35years at least 1year post unilateral primary ACLR. Participants completed the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 (TSK-11) and a standard isokinetic quadriceps strength assessment using the Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer. Pearson Product-Moment correlations were used to examine the linear association between the TSK-11 scores and peak torque (in nanometers per kilogram) for each limb and between the TSK-11 scores and limb symmetry indices for each limb. Pearson Product-Moment correlation coefficients (r) were interpreted as very high (.90-1.00), high (.70-.90), moderate (.50-.70), low (.30-.50), and no correlation (.00-.30). The average TSK-11 score was 18.2 (5.3), average ACLR peak quadriceps torque was 1.9 (0.50)N·m/kg, average contralateral peak quadriceps torque was 2.3 (0.48)N·m/kg, and average limb symmetry index was 85.3% (12.6%). There was no statistically significant correlation between the TSK-11 and peak quadriceps torque on the ACLR limb (r = .12, P = .46), the TSK-11 and contralateral limb (r = .29, P = .07), or the TSK-11 and limb symmetry index (r = -.18, P = .27). There was no association between kinesiophobia and peak isokinetic quadriceps strength in individuals at least 1year post-ACLR. Both factors, independently, have been shown to influence risk of secondary injury in patients after ACLR.

EFFECTIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN REDUCING POVERTY AMONG FISH FARMERS IN THE COASTAL REGION OF ONDO STATE, NIGERIA

Agricultural development is the foundation for economic growth and provides a primary means of food security, employment generation, and poverty reduction for Nigerians. These are also the very reasons motivating successive incumbent governments of Nigeria to initiate one type of agricultural intervention program or another to generate employment, attain food security, and aid in poverty reduction. The study assesses the effectiveness of agricultural extension services in reducing poverty among fish farmers in the coastal region of Ondo State, Nigeria. A well-structured interview schedule was used to collect data from the respondents and simple random sampling technique was used in selecting 80 respondents. Data collected was analyzed using frequency counts and percentage while Chi-square and Pearson product moment correlation was used for testing the hypotheses. Results of the socioeconomic characteristics show that more than half (58.7%) of the respondents were adults, male (68.7%), married (78.8%), literate (92.5%), having household size of <7 members (92.5%), earned an annual income of <#1,000,000 (73.7%), and having fish farming experience of <5 years (41.2%). Further analysis shows that catfish is mostly farmed by the respondents in the study area (72.5%), belong to one social group or the other (52.5%), and have access to agricultural extension agents (100%). Similarly, the study findings shows that all the respondents (100%) have access to all the different types of services rendered and the different types of agricultural extension services were rendered to the fish farmers which include technology transfer (93%), information and support services (90%), food safety and quality (89%), marketing and distribution (75%), sustainable fisheries (88%), credit and finance (96%), safety measures (100%), training to fish farmers (97%), input supply (88%), and technical expertise (92%). Furthermore, the types of agricultural extension services utilized by the fish farmers include information and support services (100%), food safety and quality (100%), credit and finance (100%), safety measures (100%), input supply (85%), and technical expertise (100%). Types of constraints militating effective utilization of agricultural extension service rendered identified by the fish farmers include weak linkages of research and training centers with extension workers and users (82%), lack of properly qualified/trained extension personal (100%), inadequate number of grass root workers (98%), lack of clear extension strategies (85%), emphasis on welfare than development (88%), much emphasis on technology than its transfer to end users (75%), inadequate infrastructure facilities (80%), and of the respondents and lack of incentives for field staff (100%). There was positive and significant relationships between respondents’ age (r=0.532; p≤0.05), number of years spent schooling (r=0.589; p≤0.05), household size (r=0.117; p≤0.05), annual income (r=0.515; p≤0.05), fish farming experience, (r=0.146; p≤0.05), and effectiveness of agricultural extension services in reducing poverty. The study recommended that more qualified/trained extension personnel should be employed and adequate incentives should be made available to the field staff.

Influence of Economic Dimension Strategy on Organizational Image of Kisumu Heart Hospital

Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) is becoming an increasingly significant component of many firms’ strategic planning decisions. Statistics shows that more than 80% of health sector organizations in Kenya don’t seem to realize the importance of Corporate Social Responsibility. Among the approximately 20% that do understand the significance of corporate social responsibility, only 2% strive to implement it owing to a number of reasons. This has left a negative perception and bad image to the organizational stakeholders involving the patients, shareholders and the staff, sometimes leading to low profitability. This is evident despite the fact that success of a company is measured by its contribution to society. Most studies have shown both positive and negative relationship or failed to clarify impacts of corporate social responsibility of organizational corporate social responsibility on its image. None of the studies has also specifically shown how adoption of economic, environmental and social dimension strategies have impacted on organizational image of Kisumu heart Hospital. The main objective of this study was therefore to investigate the influence of economic dimension strategy on organizational image of Kisumu heart hospital. Study was anchored stakeholder theory. The study adopted correlational research design. The population of the study comprised of a total of 400 outpatients, inpatient and employees. The study adopted stratified random sampling and the sample size was 196 respondents. Primary data was used which was collected through questionnaire. Data was analysed using both descriptive and correlation statistics specifically Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Simple linear regression Model. The findings revealed that Economic dimension strategy has a positive and significant effect on corporate image (B=.132, p<.05. It was concluded that corporate social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on corporate image of Kisumu heart hospital. The study however recommended improving both economic dimension strategy The study may also inform the stakeholders in the health sector on the importance of CSR on the organizational image and growth.

Determination of Relationship Between the Application of ICT and Decision-Making Federal Universities of Northern Nigeria

This study examines how Federal Universities of Northern Nigeria use ICT to make decisions. Technology in data storage, analytics, and decision support systems has transformed decision-making, according to the introduction. We examine how ICT improves decision-making through data gathering, analysis, and communication. The hypothesis is that ICT use does not affect decision-making in these universities. The correlational study included 2,114 workers from all Northern Nigerian Federal Universities. The sample procedure selected states from each geopolitical zone and seven federal institutions from each state. Data was collected using a questionnaire on ICT in Effective Planning (QAICTEP). The null hypothesis was tested using Pearson's Product Moment Correlation coefficient (PPMCC). The respondents' age, experience, and qualifications were diverse. Male respondents outnumbered female respondents 75% to 25%. The null hypothesis was rejected since the PPMCC analysis showed a positive correlation (r = 0.609) between ICT application and decision-making. The conclusion shows that ICT use improves decision-making. ICT infrastructure investments, training, enhanced Decision Support System integration, and strong data governance regulations are recommended. at conclusion, this study sheds light on strategic ICT integration and decision-making at Federal Universities in Northern Nigeria, emphasising the need to improve decision-making quality and efficiency.

Relationship Between the Application of ICT and Effective Planning in Federal Universities of Northern Nigeria

Relationship Between the Application of ICT and Effective Planning in Federal Universities of Northern Nigeria

THE EFFECT OF SCHOOL RULES AND REGULATIONS ON THE PUPILS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SELECTED PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN KIBIBI SUB COUNTY BUTAMBALA DISTRICT; A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.

Background: The study aims to determine the effect of school rules and regulations on the pupils’ academic performance in Kibibi sub-county Butambala district, Methodology: The study was based on a cross-sectional survey design, with data being collected in October 2022 using questionnaires and interview responses from 108 respondents made of Headteachers, classroom teachers, and pupils. The data was eventually analyzed using summary statistics and the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Results: The majority of the respondents were male with (51.9%) and female were (48.1%). The standard deviation is low or small of 1.2 also indicates that almost all respondents had similar views on the item school rules and regulations, still the majority of the respondents 56(66.7%) as compared to those who agreed 12 (11.1%), with having school rules and regulations 57(52.8%) and only 27(25%) agreed. As regards negative 61(57%) disagreed and only 22 (20.4%) agreed. Conclusion: The study established that school heads have a challenge of pupils who are not aware of the school rules and regulations much as they are given copies and therefore violet them. Many of the learners just dump them without reading through them to be able to get their real meaning a sign of lack of sensitization and awareness to pupils from school administrators. Recommendations: School rules and regulations need to be emphasized and given enough awareness to enable pupils to understand them. These will help to prescribe the standards of behavior expected of pupils and teachers. Pupils will learn to behave and so will the teachers.

Faculty Acceptance and Adoption of Learning Management Systems (LMS) using the Extended Technology Acceptance Model (ETAM)

Faculty Acceptance and Adoption of Learning Management Systems (LMS) using the Extended Technology Acceptance Model (ETAM)

Usage of soybean waste recycling among rural farmers in Kwara state, Nigeria

This study assesses the usage of soybean waste recycling among rural farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to examine the soybean farmer’s level of awareness on soybean waste recycling and identify the level of usage of soybean waste recycling in the study area. Data were collected through interview schedule and analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics such as Frequency, Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The findings of the study were that: The mean age of the respondents was 43.51 years. Most of the respondents (62%) were males, (80.9%) married, (75.1%) had formal education with an average household size of 6 persons and 16.37 years of farming experience. All (100%) of the respondents indicated awareness of soybean waste recycling and no respondent indicated unawareness. The analysis conducted on the level of usage of soybean waste recycling in the study area shows that majority (65%) had a moderate usage of soybean waste recycling. This study recommends promoting the usefulness of soybean waste to farmers. Additionally, this study suggests establishing partnerships between agricultural institutions and farmers to facilitate the adoption of soybean waste utilization practices.

Learners’ Grit, Self-Regulation, and Classroom Engagement

The complex interaction of personal characteristics and the learning environment has a substantial impact on learners’ educational experiences. This study aimed to determine how grit and self-regulation are associated with the learners' classroom engagement. It sought to find out the learners’ level of grit in terms of consistency of interest and perseverance of effort, self-regulation, and classroom engagement in terms of learner-learner, learner-teacher, and learner-class, and its significant relationships. The respondents were the 134 Grade 6 learners of the North-II District of Gingoog City. It utilized a questionnaire adapted from Duckworth’s Grit Scale survey and Moilanen’s Self-Regulation combined with a self-made questionnaire for engagement. The study made use of a descriptive correlational design utilizing a universal sampling among respondents. Moreover, it used Mean, standard deviation, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (r) statistical techniques to treat the data of the study. Results revealed that learners' grit is Very High in terms of consistency of interest and High in perseverance of effort, and Very High in self-regulation. Moreover, the study concluded a significant relationship between learners’ grit and classroom engagement, and learners’ self-regulation and classroom engagement. Further, it recommended integrating learning activities in school programs such as homeroom guidance, Gender and Development, and Catch-up Fridays, as well as several learning areas that will enable the fostering of grit and self-regulation among learners.

Identifying the Predictors of School Improvement Plan Implementation by School Administrators

This study aimed to identify the level of managerial capabilities, human resource management, and quality assurance practices of school administrators on the implementation of School Improvement Plan (SIP). The respondents of the study were the 489 public school administrators of Northern Mindanao, Philippines. The data were gathered through survey questionnaires and was treated through descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. School administrators exhibit remarkable managerial capabilities, earning high praise for their adept handling of operations, finances, and for fostering a conducive learning environment. Their strong human resource management skills are evident in nurturing collaborative communities, managing staff effectively, and conducting recruitment efficiently. Quality assurance practices are notably well-developed, indicating the school's ability to deliver top-notch education and support. Implementation of the SIP receives glowing reviews, showcasing the administrators' proficiency in enhancing learning environments, community engagement, resource allocation, curriculum, and staff management. Thus, the data highlights the school administrators outstanding performance and excellence across multiple crucial areas. The correlation analysis revealed significant relationships among managerial capabilities, human resource management, quality assurance practices, to the SIP implementation. Particularly, strong correlations were observed, indicating that schools excelling in one management area tend to perform well in others. Regression analysis highlighted five significant predictors of SIP implementation by administrators: school operation management, teacher and staff performance, leadership, processes, and partnerships/resources. These findings emphasize the significant role of effective management practices, especially in areas like staff performance, quality assurance, and resource allocation, in driving SIP implementation.

Academic achievement, creativity, multiple intelligences, and motivation in Iranian medical students

Exploring the relationship between academic achievement, creativity, multiple intelligences, and motivation among Iranian medical students can provide valuable insights into their educational experiences and inform the development of effective strategies to enhance learning outcomes. This study investigated the relationship among Iranian medical students through a correlational-descriptive design. Participants included all 200 BA-level students of Islamic Azad University, Iran. The Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) in Persian, the Torrance Creative Thinking Test (TCTT) in Persian, and Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Questionnaire in Persian were used to collect data. The university archived their grade point averages (GPAs) to determine students' academic progress. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Goodness-of-Fit Test, descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation tests, and independent samples t-tests were used to examine the acquired data. The data analysis revealed a significant correlation between Iranian EFL learners' creativity, multiple intelligences, motivation, and academic success; creative learners outperformed non-creative learners in terms of academic achievement; extrinsic learners outperformed intrinsic learners in terms of academic achievement; the highest academic achievement was associated with the interpersonal intelligence profile, while the lowest academic achievement was associated with the intrinsic intelligence profile. The findings may provide insight to stakeholders in the field, such as curriculum planners, tutors, and policymakers, regarding the relationship between creativity, multiple intelligences, motivation, and academic achievement, as well as the importance of factoring this relationship into ELT program design.

The Relationship Of Creativity With Student Learning Outcomes In Pastry And Bakery Subjects At Smk Negeri 6 Padang

This research was motivated by students' low curiosity in the material being taught, resulting in low creativity and no new innovations produced by students. This occurs due to students' lack of confidence in their abilities, because they are afraid to take risks when practicing pastry and bakery. From the problems above, many students fail in pastry and bakery subjects which will have an impact on learning outcomes. The aim of this research is to describe: 1) student creativity in Pastry and Bakery subjects, 2) student learning outcomes in Pastry and bakery subjects, 3) the relationship between creativity and student learning outcomes in Pastry and bakery subjects at SMK Negeri 6 Padang . This type of research is quantitative with a correlational approach. The population in this study was class XII culinary students at SMK Negeri 6 Padang for the 2023/2024 academic year, totaling 96 people. The sample consisted of 96 people taken using a saturated sampling technique. The saturated sampling technique is that all members of the population are used as research samples. The primary data collection technique uses a questionnaire and is measured using a Likert scale. Then for secondary data using learning outcomes in the form of grades in pastry and bakery subjects. Analysis requirements test was carried out using normality tests and linearity tests, then hypothesis testing using Pearson product moment correlation analysis, and correlation significance testing with the T test using SPSS Version 21.00. The research results show that: 1) the creativity of class XII students at SMK Negeri 6 Padang is in the medium category (53.1%), 2) the learning outcomes in pastry and bakery subjects for class 4%), 3) based on hypothesis testing, there is a positive and significant relationship between creativity and student learning outcomes in the Pastry and Bakery Products subject with a significant value of 0.001. Keyword: Creativity, pastry and bakery learning outcomes, pastry and bakery subjects.

Teachers' Welfare as Determinants of Students Learning Outcomes in Junior Secondary Schools in Delta South Senatorial District

The study examined teachers' welfare as determinants of students’ learning outcomes in Junior Secondary schools in Delta South Senatorial District. The study had a sample size of 364 participants, and the instruments employed were the teachers' welfare questionnaire and the mathematics BECE). An estimate of dependability, using the Cronbach alpha approach, was obtained, and the resulting reliability index was 0.78. The research questions were addressed by calculating the coefficient of determination using Pearson's product moment correlation. Based on this data, it was determined that there is a favorable association between teacher welfare, decent salary payment, teacher advancement, and teacher incentives and student learning outcomes in Junior Secondary Schools in Delta South Senatorial Districts of Delta State. A joyful teacher with first-class welfare package will increase their drive which will aid good outcome. Based on the study findings, it was recommended that teachers’ welfare should be prioritized to sustain learning outcome of pupils due to high decline in teachers population, Educational stakeholders should prioritize teachers' welfare as an indispensable factor that power students learning outcome in schools, car and housing loans should be made available to teachers to encourage the present and future generations to take teaching as a first choice.