Pearson Product Moment Correlation Research Articles

STRESS MANAGEMENT AND TEACHERS' PERFORMANCE IN THE TERESIAN DAUGHTERS OF MARY-MANAGED SCHOOLS

This study investigated the stress management and teachers’ performance in the Teresian Daughters of Mary-Managed Schools High School Department. The study used the non-experimental quantitative research design utilizing correlational method. The respondents were composed of 149 teachers in the Teresian Daughters of Mary-Managed Schools High School Department using a universal sampling. The statistical tools used were Mean, Pearson Product Moment Coefficient Correlation and Regression Analysis. The findings revealed that the teachers were able to always observe stress management. This suggests that they are able to control their stress by being respectful and responsible, managing and communicating existing and future work, managing the individual within the team and reasoning/ managing difficult situations. Meanwhile teacher’s performance is always observed by the teachers. This indicates that teacher is able to observe always the expected standard performance in terms of designing learning experiences for children, knowledge and understanding of subject matter, strategies for facilitating learning and interpersonal relationship. There is no significant relationship between the stress management and teacher’s performance in the Teresian Daughters of Mary- Managed Schools High School Department. None of the domains of the stress management that significantly influence of the teacher’s performance in the Teresian Daughters of Mary-Managed Schools High School Department. It is articulated in this study that that further study may be conducted on the other stress management indicators that may influence the teacher’s performance in the Teresian Daughters of Mary-Managed Schools High School Department. It was concluded that teachers who have always observed stress management do not have an impact to their performance. KEYWORDS: Stress management, Teacher’s performance, Teresian Daughters of Mary- Managed Schools.

Awareness and Appreciation of Local Cultural Heritage of Surigao City

As societies become increasingly interconnected, there is a growing need to recognize and celebrate the unique identities embedded in local traditions, customs, and artifacts. This study aimed to identify the level of awareness and appreciation of the local cultural heritage of the senior high school students of St. Paul University Surigao. This study applied the quantitative research design employing a descriptive survey technique with 272 participants. The main instrument employed in gathering the necessary data was the researcher-made questionnaire. The gathered data were treated using sample percentage, mean and standard deviation, and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC). The results showed that there is a significant relationship between students’ awareness of local history and their appreciation for local cultural heritage in Surigao, and there is a positive correlation. The results of this research may provide fundamental information and a framework for future researchers doing thorough investigations that have similarities to this study.

Parenting Stress And Depression In Children Of Working Mother

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between parenting stress and depression in children of working mother. The sample of the study consisted of 100 respondents of whom 50 were mothers (Working Mothers = 25 and Non-working Mothers = 25) and 50 were their children (6 to 13 years of age). They were selected purposively from different coaching centers of Dhaka city. Bangla version of Parenting Stress Index (PSI) (Akhter and Afrose 2009) was used to measure parenting stress. Bangla version of Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) (Parvez and Afrose 2009) was used to measure depression in children. In addition, a personal Information blank was also used. The obtained data were analyzed by using t-test and Pearson product moment correlation. It was found that the stress of working mothers (67.68) was greater than non-working mothers (55.64); the depression in children of working mothers (55.88) was more than the children of non-working mothers (49.04). The results also indicated that working mothers and their children suffer from more stress and depression as compared to non working mothers and their children. The parenting stress was positively correlated (r=0.29, p <0.05) with children’s depression. The results indicate that with the increase of parenting stress, the depression of their children also increases. The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 7(1 &2):151-165 , 2012

Loneliness And Depression Of Chittagong University Students

The present study attempted an empirical investigation to explore the loneliness and depression of Chittagong university students. A total of 100 purposively selected and readily available respondents constituted the sample of the study. An adapted Bengali version of Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (Parveen 2007) and Depression Scale developed by Rahman and Uddin (2005) were used. Data were analyzed by Pearson Product Moment Correlation and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings of the present study showed that there is no significant difference between male and female students; and residential and non-residential students in loneliness. No significant interaction effect was found between gender and residence in loneliness. There is no significant difference between the males and females, however residential students have significantly more depression (F =14.06, df =1, p<0.01) than non residential students. No significant interaction effect was found between gender and residence in depression. Results also showed that loneliness is positively correlated (r=0.29, p<0.01) with the presence of depression among the respondents of this study. The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 7(1 &2):175-189, 2012

The Effect of Service Quality, Insurance Costs, and Installment Size on Customer Satisfaction Multi-Purpose Financing: Case Study at Bank Sumut Syariah Padangsidimpuan

This research aims to analyze the influence of service quality on customer satisfaction, the influence of insurance costs on customer satisfaction and the size of installments on customer satisfaction for multi-purpose financing at the Sumut Syariah Bank, Padangsidimpuan Branch. This research uses primary data by distributing questionnaires to multi-purpose financing customers. The population of this research is all multi-purpose financing customers with a total of 862 people. The sample used in this research was 90 respondents. The validity test uses the Pearson Product Moment correlation test, while the reliability test uses Cronbach alpha. Classic assumption tests include normality tests, multicollinearity tests, heteroscedasticity tests and autocorrelation tests. Hypothesis testing in this study used multiple linear regression analysis. The research results state that service quality and insurance costs partially have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. This means that the higher the quality of service provided will increase customer satisfaction, and the suitability of the insurance costs provided with the benefits obtained by the customer will provide a level of customer satisfaction. Meanwhile, the installment amount does not have a significant effect on customer satisfaction, this is because previously the installment amount had been analyzed using scoring analysis which had an influence on the installment amount.

TEACHERS’ CLASSROOM MENTORSHIP PROFICIENCY AND ENGAGEMENT-CENTERED PEDAGOGY AS PREDICTORS OF COGNITIVE SATISFACTION OF STUDENTS

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of teachers classroom mentorship proficiency and engagement-centered pedagogy on the cognitive satisfaction of students. In this study, the researcher selected the 220 Grade 7 students in Cluster 14 public secondary schools in Davao City as the respondents of the study. Stratified random sampling technique was utilized in the selection of the respondents. Non-experimental quantitative research design using descriptive-correlational method was employed. The data collected were subjected on the following statistical tools: Mean, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, and Regression Analysis. Descriptive analysis showed that teachers classroom mentorship proficiency, engagement-centered pedagogy, and cognitive satisfaction of students were described as moderately extensive. Further, correlation analysis demonstrated that teachers classroom mentorship proficiency and engagement-centered pedagogy were significantly correlated with the cognitive satisfaction of students in Cluster 14 public secondary schools in Davao City. Evidently, Regression Analysis proved that when teachers classroom mentorship proficiency and engagement-centered pedagogy are considered as predictors of cognitive satisfaction of students in Cluster 14 public secondary schools in Davao City, the model is significant. It is recommended that the Department of Education (DepEd) should encourage the integration of mentorship training programs into teacher professional development initiatives to enhance mentorship proficiency. KEYWORDS: Educational management, teachers’ classroom mentorship proficiency, engagement-centered pedagogy, cognitive satisfaction of students

Factors associated with shame and stigma among head and neck cancer patients: a cross-sectional study.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients often suffer from shame and stigma due to treatment limitations or due to societal factors. The purpose of this study was to assess perceived body image, depression, physical and psychosocial function, and self-stigma, as well as to identify factors that predicted shame and stigma in patients with HNC. This cross-sectional study recruited 178 HNC patients from the outpatient radiation department of a medical center in Northern Taiwan. Patients were assessed for patient reported outcomes using the Body Image Scale (BIS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression Subscale (HADS-Depression Subscale), the University of Washington Quality of Life Scale (UW-QOL) version 4.0, and the Shame and Stigma Scale (SSS). Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, Pearson's product-moment correlation, and multiple regression. The two top-ranked subscales of shame and stigma were: "speech and social concerns" and "regret". Shame and stigma were positively correlated with a longer time since completion of treatment, more body image concerns, and higher levels of depression. They were negatively correlated with being male and having lower physical function. Multiple regression analysis showed that female gender, a longer time since completing treatment, higher levels of body image concern, greater depression, and less physical function predicted greater shame and stigma. These factors explained 74.7% of the variance in shame and stigma. Patients' body image concerns, depression, time since completing treatment, and physical function are associated with shame and stigma. Oncology nurses should assess and record psychological status, provide available resources, and refer appropriate HNC patients to counselling.

Higher final speed in 30–15 intermittent fitness tests correlates with soccer's locomotor demands, not heart rate responses in small-sided soccer games

This study aimed to achieve two objectives: firstly, to analyze the relationships between aerobic fitness, as represented by the VIFT, and the heart rate and locomotor responses of youth male soccer players across various teams; and secondly, to compare players with lower and higher VIFT in terms of performance outcomes extracted during small-sided games (SSGs). A total of twenty-six youth male soccer players, aged 16.5 ± 0.32 years, with 3.4 ± 1.1 years of experience, voluntarily participated in the study. These players belonged to two regional-level tier 2 teams (trained/developmental). In the initial week of observation, the 30–15 Intermittent Fitness Test was implemented to measure the final velocity (VIFT) achieved by the players. Subsequently, the 5v5 format of play was conducted twice a week over two consecutive weeks, during which heart rate responses and locomotor demands were measured. The Pearson product-moment correlation test revealed a significant correlation between VIFT and the total distance covered during the 5v5 format (r = 0.471 [95% CI: 0.093; 0.721], p = 0.015). Conversely, small and non-significant correlations were identified between VIFT and mean heart rate (r = 0.280 [95% CI: − 0.126; 0.598]; p = 0.166), VIFT and peak heart rate (r = 0.237 [95% CI: − 0.170; 0.569]; p = 0.243), as well as VIFT and high-speed running (r = 0.254 [95% CI: − 0.153; 0.580]; p = 0.211). Players with higher VIFT demonstrated a significantly greater total distance, with a large effect size (+ 6.64%; p = 0.015; d = 1.033), compared to those with lower VIFT. Our findings suggest that improved performance in VIFT may lead to covering more distance in 5v5 matches. However, the lack of significant associations between VIFT and heart rate levels during SSGs suggests that they are not strongly correlated, possibly because VIFT is more closely linked to locomotor profile. As a practical implication, coaches may consider organizing players during SSGs based on their VIFT if the goal is to standardize locomotor demands.

Work-life balance strategies and employees’ engagement in the food and beverage industry in rivers state

This study explores the nexus between work-life balance (WLB) strategies and employees’ engagement (EE) within the food and beverage (F&B) industry. Employing a quasi-experimental design, data was gathered from 165 employees across selected F&B organizations using a closed-ended Likert-type scale questionnaire. Data analysis via Pearson’s Product Moment correlation (PPMC) statistical technique revealed a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of work-life balance (WLB) strategies and measures of employees’ engagement (EE) within the food and beverage (F&B) industry. Specifically, the results indicate a robust positive and significant correlation between Work interference with personal life (WIPL) and the measures of employees’ engagement: employees’ emotional engagement (EEE) and employees’ behavioral engagement (EBE), with values ranging from 0.894 to 0.881 respectively. Additionally, personal life interference with work (PLIW) demonstrates a notable positive correlation with the measures of employees’ engagement, attributing to 72.5% to 83.5% of emotional and behavioral engagement, respectively. Furthermore, work enhancement of personal life (WEPL) initiatives and personal life enhancement of work (PLEW) initiatives exhibited very strong positive associations with the measures of employees’ engagement, explaining up to 74% to 85% of emotional and behavioral engagement, respectively. These findings corroborate prior research, highlighting the significance of addressing Work-Life Balance issues to bolster employees’ engagement levels. Practically, the study underscores the importance for managers in the Food and Beverage to prioritize strategies that mitigate work-life interference, such as flexible scheduling and family-friendly policies, to foster higher EE levels. Tailored initiatives and training programs should be implemented to address specific WLB aspects identified within organizations, while fostering open communication channels to identify areas for improvement. By prioritizing WLB and supporting employee well-being, managers can cultivate a more engaged and productive workforce, ultimately contributing to organizational success. Other theoretical and practical implications for promoting WLB and fostering employees’ engagement in the Nigerian workplace are also discussed.

Supervisory Competence and Managerial Behavior of School Heads and Teachers’ Performance in Southern Philippines

Supervisory Competence and Managerial Behavior of School Heads and Teachers’ Performance in Southern Philippines

Pemanfaatan Media Sosial Instagram @Sahabat_umkm: Studi Uses and Gratification Sebagai Upaya Edukasi Pelaku Usaha Mikro

Digitalization is increasingly advancing, and one manifestation of this progress is the emergence of the social media platform Instagram. Micro-business owners utilize Instagram to meet their needs (uses and gratification), particularly in seeking education for micro-business ventures. One of the accounts disseminating education for micro-businesses is @sahabat_umkm. The objective of this research is to measure the extent of the influence of utilizing Instagram @sahabat_umkm: a study on uses and gratification as an effort in educating micro-business owners. The research method employed is causal quantitative. Data analysis techniques include Pearson product-moment correlation analysis, t-test, simple linear regression analysis, and coefficient of determination test. The data was collected by the researcher online using a questionnaire and distributed to 399 respondents who are followers of Instagram @sahabat_umkm. The sampling technique used by the researcher is Nonprobability Sampling, specifically Purposive Sampling. The result of the Pearson product-moment correlation analysis is 0.472, indicating a moderate to strong relationship between the variables of Instagram utilization and the effort in educating micro-business owners. Additionally, the magnitude of the influence on the variable of Instagram @sahabat_umkm utilization on the variable of effort to educate micro-business owners is 22.2%, while 72.8% is influenced by other factors beyond this study. The results of the simple linear regression analysis indicate that every one-unit increase in the Instagram @sahabat_umkm utilization variable corresponds to an increase of 0.231 in the variable of effort to educate micro-business owners. Through this research, it is proven that the utilization of Instagram @sahabat_umkm (variable X) significantly and positively impacts the effort to educate micro-business owners (variable Y).

Teachers’ Utilization of Digital Tools and Confidence in Technology

The utilization of technology has emerged as a crucial instrument for educators to augment instruction and enrich the educational encounters of learners. This study sought to determine the extent of teachers' utilization of digital tools, their level of confidence in technology, and the significant relationship between the extent of teachers' utilization of digital tools and confidence in technology, among the 101 teachers from the nine (9) schools of Manolo Fortich III District, Division of Bukidnon, chosen through universal sampling. This study utilized two instruments. One was a research-made questionnaire for the teachers’ utilization of digital tools and for the teachers’ confidence in technology was adapted, and modified questionnaire from the study of Heather (2014). Descriptive statistics were used such as mean, standard deviation, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The study revealed that most of the time teachers utilized Excel/Spreadsheets than video/Capcut. Teachers' confidence level in technology found to be Always Confident. Furthermore, teachers' utilization of digital tools such as PPT/canvas, video/caput and the like, and Excel/spreadsheets has a significant relationship to teachers' confidence in technology. Thus, to enhance video/CapCut usage, teachers need training, support, and collaboration. Schools should provide professional development, technical assistance, and recognition of achievements. These efforts boost confidence in digital tools, improve pupils’ learning, and encourage creative teaching methods in the digital era.

Relationship between static and dynamic balance in 4-to-5-year-old preschoolers: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundBalance is crucial for physical development in preschool children. Exploring the relationship between different types of balance can help understand early physical development in children. Currently, research is mostly focused on the relationship between different types of balance in the adult population and lacks exploration of the preschool population. The aim of this study explored the relationship between static and dynamic balance in preschool children aged 4 to 5 years.MethodsA total of 128 preschool children between the ages of 4 to 5 years were selected. The following tests were conducted as they wore inertial sensors detecting their centers of mass (COM): T1, standing with eyes open; T2, standing with eyes closed; T3, standing with eyes open on foam; T4, standing with eyes closed on foam; and T5, walking on the balance beam. Static balance was measured by the angular velocity modulus (ω−T1–ω−T4) of the shaking COM, as well as the pitch angle (θ−T1–θ−T4) and roll angle (φ−T1–φ−T4) indicators in T1–T4 testing. Dynamic balance was measured by the time (t) and angular velocity modulus (ω−T5), as well as the pitch angle (θ−T5) and roll angle (φ−T5) indicators in the T5 test. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was used to test the correlation between static and dynamic balance indicators.ResultsThere is no correlation between ω−T1–ω−T4 and t (P > 0.05), while ω−T1–ω−T4 and ω−T5 (r = 0.19–0.27, P < 0.05) and ω−T1–ω−T4 and θ−T5, φ−T5 (r = 0.18–0.33, P < 0.05) were weakly correlated. There is no correlation between θ−T1–θ−T4, φ−T1–φ−T4 and t (P > 0.05), while θ−T1–θ−T4, φ−T1–φ−T4, and θ−T5, φ−T5 were weakly correlated (r = 0.01–0.28, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe relationship between static and dynamic balance in preschool children aged 4–5 years is weak. Static and dynamic balance in children needs to be intervened separately for the development of children.

A Concurrent Analysis of Drug Relapse Risk, Drug Avoidance Self-Efficacy, and Aftercare Experiences among Aftercare Program Clients

The cases of drug use and abuse have predominantly increased globally. This issue has become the most significant challenge among mental health professionals, the national government, and the general population. With the absence of substantial research about drug relapse and avoidance in the Philippines, this mixed-method research seeks to find out the relationship between drug relapse risk and drug avoidance self-efficacy among substance users who participated in the aftercare program. This study employed a concurrent mixed method design, combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches. In the quantitative phase, the Advance Warning of Relapse (AWARE) Questionnaire and Drug Avoidance Self-Efficacy Scale (DASES) were administered to 66 participants from the Aftercare Program (ACP) at the Department of Health Treatment and Rehabilitation Center in Eastern Visayas. The aim was to establish a correlation between the risk of drug relapse and drug avoidance self-efficacy. In the qualitative phase, interviews were conducted with five participants who met the study's inclusion criteria. Purposive sampling was used to select these participants. Quantitative findings revealed that ACP clients had low drug relapse risk and high drug avoidance self-efficacy. Moreover, Pearson product-moment correlation shows an inverse relationship between lower drug relapse risk and high drug avoidance self-efficacy, and vice-versa. However, the correlation between these variables is weak, indicating that drug avoidance self-efficacy is not a strong predictor of relapse risk in aftercare program clients. Similarly, qualitative results exposed the client’s experiences in the After Care Program. Six themes emerge from their experiences, such as their various reasons for taking the drugs, the effects of substance use, their effective coping mechanisms, the treatment of their communities, their accomplishment of recovery goals, and overcoming challenges in their recovery. The study suggests that individuals who participate in the aftercare programs are trying their best to recover and increase their self-efficacy to avoid using drugs. This strong self-efficacy, in combination with various factors such as family support, the acceptance of the community, and continued reminders of the consequences of substance abuse, decreased their vulnerability to use drugs in high-risk situations. The findings will increase the awareness of Filipinos in the prevention and treatment of substance use among their loved ones, relatives, and friends. Likewise, the findings recommend improving the aftercare program to increase its effectiveness and efficiency in preventing relapse among individuals in recovery.

Frugal Innovation Strategies and Supply Chain Performance of Food and Beverage Firms in South-South Nigeria

This study explored frugal innovation strategies and supply chain performance of food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria. It critically analyzed the dimensions of frugal innovation strategies (value innovation, cost cutting advancement and technological innovation) and relate them to supply chain performance measures (product availability, on-time delivery and supply chain flexibility) of food and beverage firms. The study applied the positivist research philosophy and correlational research design. The population of this study comprised 82 registered food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria. The sample size consisted of 68 food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria. The Taro Yamene’s formula was used to determine the sample size for the study. The sampling unit consisted of managers of the selected food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection in this study. The data collected were analyzed statistically while the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) was used to test the formulated hypotheses. The SPSS software program version 24 was used to correlate the data collected on the study variables. The findings revealed that value innovation has a significant relationship with product availability, on-time delivery and supply chain flexibility of food and beverage firms. This study also revealed that cost cutting advancement has significant relationship with product availability, on-time delivery and supply chain flexibility of food and beverage firms. The study equally revealed that technological innovation has a significant relationship with product availability, on-time delivery and supply chain flexibility of food and beverage firms. Based on these findings, it was concluded that frugal innovation strategies such as value innovation, cost cutting advancement and technological innovation are significant predictors of supply chain performance of food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria. Based on the findings and conclusion, it was recommended that food and beverage firms in South-South Nigeria should adopt frugal innovation strategies as it would improve their supply chain performance.

Triarchic intelligences and engagement: The erratic factors in mathematics

This study determined the relationship between triarchic intelligences and engagement as factors in mathematics achievement of 1148 Grade 10 students in the Division of Davao del Norte, Philippines. It also investigated the relationship among the variables utilizing a descriptive-correlational and causal-comparative research design. Modified survey questionnaires were used for triarchic intelligence and engagement scales which were validated by the panel of experts. Standardized Division Unified Test was used to measure the mathematics achievement. Mean and Pearson product moment coefficient correlation were used to determine the proficiency level and the relationship between the variables while multiple linear regression was also used to derive the value and identify the predictor variable. The findings of the study showed that students did not meet the expectations on mathematics achievement; triarchic intelligences and engagement were at moderate level. Among the six indicators, only behavioral engagement was the predictor of the achievement. This indicates that the mathematics achievement of the students is best anchored on engagement. Thus, the result suggests that the more engaged the students are, the better and higher the achievement in mathematics.

Parenting Style and Resilience among Homosexual in Indonesia

This study aims to determine the relationship of parenting styles and resilience in homosexuals (gay) in Indonesia. The research method used is quantitative with correlational design. A total of 454 homosexuals (gay) in Indonesia are used as participants using incidental sampling techniques. The measurement of this study used the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) scale with fathers’ authoritarian parenting style (α = .868), fathers’ authoritative parenting style (α = .766), fathers’ permissive parenting style (α = .768), mothers’ authoritarian parenting style (α = .868), mothers’ authoritative parenting style (α = .843), mothers’ permissive parenting style (α = .746), and the Resilience Quotient Scale (RQ) (α = .873). Data analysis was conducted using Karl Pearson's product-moment correlation test. The results of this study indicated that there is no relationship between fathers’ authoritarian parenting style and resilience (r = .065 and sig. = .084). Likewise, for the fathers’ authoritative parenting style, it showed no relationship with resilience (r = .003 and the sig. = .472). Similarly, there was no significant relationship found between fathers’ permissive parenting style and resilience (r = -.034 and sig. = .235). The results also revealed that there is no relationship between mothers’ authoritarian parenting style and resilience (r = .008) and sig. = .435). Likewise, no significant relationship was found between mothers’ authoritative parenting style and resilience (r = .005 and sig. = .457). Furthermore, the study found no relationship between mothers’ permissive parenting style and resilience (r = .015 and sig. = .379).

Examination of University Students Emotion Regulation Skills in Terms of Attachment Styles and Self-Compassion

In this study, it was aimed to examine the emotion regulation skills of university students in terms of attachment styles and self-compassion. The participants of the study were determined using the appropriate sampling method. The participants consisted of a total of 414 university students, 230 (55.6%) of whom were female and 184 (44.4%) of whom were male. In order to collect the data, “Personal Information Form”, “Emotion Regulation Scale (DBL)”, “Experiences in Close Relationships II (CRI II)” and “Self-Compassion Scale” were used. SPSS 26.0 package program was used to analyze the data. In this analysis, Pearson product-moment correlation, multiple linear regression analysis and independent groups t-test methods were used. The findings of the study showed that emotion regulation skills have a positive and significant relationship with attachment styles and self-compassion. As a result of the regression analysis, it was concluded that the avoidant attachment sub-dimension of attachment styles and the consciousness sub-dimension of self-compassion significantly predicted the re-evaluation sub-dimension of emotion regulation skills. It was concluded that the consciousness and overidentification sub-dimensions of attachment styles and self-compassion significantly predicted the concealment sub-dimension of emotion regulation skills. It was determined that emotion regulation skills did not show a significant difference according to gender.

Gender differences in learning and study strategies impact medical students’ preclinical and USMLE step 1 examination performance

BackgroundEvaluation of students’ learning strategies can enhance academic support. Few studies have investigated differences in learning strategies between male and female students as well as their impact on United States Medical Licensing Examination® (USMLE) Step 1 and preclinical performance.MethodsThe Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) was administered to the classes of 2019–2024 (female (n = 350) and male (n = 262)). Students’ performance on preclinical first-year (M1) courses, preclinical second-year (M2) courses, and USMLE Step 1 was recorded. An independent t-test evaluated differences between females and males on each LASSI scale. A Pearson product moment correlation determined which LASSI scales correlated with preclinical performance and USMLE Step 1 examinations.ResultsOf the 10 LASSI scales, Anxiety, Attention, Information Processing, Selecting Main Idea, Test Strategies and Using Academic Resources showed significant differences between genders. Females reported higher levels of Anxiety (p < 0.001), which significantly influenced their performance. While males and females scored similarly in Concentration, Motivation, and Time Management, these scales were significant predictors of performance variation in females. Test Strategies was the largest contributor to performance variation for all students, regardless of gender.ConclusionGender differences in learning influence performance on STEP1. Consideration of this study’s results will allow for targeted interventions for academic success.

Quality of Life in Caregivers of Alcohol Use Disorder Patients: Role of Family Functioning and Social Support

Background: Caring for alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients poses significant challenges, impacting caregivers’ quality of life (QOL) across all the dimensions. Following Lazarus and Folkman’s Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, family functioning (FF) and social support (SS) are crucial coping resources. Purpose: This study aims to explore how FF and SS relate to QOL in caregivers of individuals with AUD, recognising their pivotal role in navigating diverse caregiving-related stressors. Methods: A sample of 128 primary caregivers for AUD patients was collected from two psychiatric hospitals in Amritsar, Punjab. Data were collected using assessment tools, such as the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL–BREF), Family Assessment Device and PGI Social Support Questionnaire, and were analysed through the Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results: FF ( r = –0.603) and SS ( r = 0.641) exhibited significant correlations with caregivers’ QOL. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that both FF (β = –0.345) and SS (β = 0.436) significantly predicted QOL among caregivers. Approximately 49% of the variance in QOL was explained by the linear combination of SS and FF. Conclusion: Developing tailored programs is essential to enhance caregivers’ physical, mental, social and environmental well-being. Healthcare professionals should recognise the intricate connections among these dimensions, crafting holistic approaches to nurture a supportive caregiving environment.