Peak Compression Research Articles

Effects of Grain Size and Layer Thickness on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Rock Analogs

Due to the complexity of the sedimentary and diagenetic processes, natural rocks generally exhibit strong heterogeneity in mineral composition, physicochemical properties, and pore structure. Currently, 3D printed (3DP) rock analogs fabricated from sandy materials (silica sand) are widely applied to study the petrophysical and geomechanical characteristics of reservoir rocks, which provides an alternative and novel approach for laboratory tests to calibrate the environmental uncertainties, resolve up-scaling issues, and manufacture customized rock specimens with consistent structure and controllable petrophysical properties in a repeatable fashion. In this paper, silica sand with various grain sizes (GS) and Furan resin were used to fabricate rock analogs with different layer thicknesses (LTs) using the binder-jetting 3DP technique. A comprehensive experimental study was conducted on 3DP rock analogs, including helium porosity measurement, micro-CT scanning, SEM, and uniaxial compression. The results indicate that the LT and GS have a great influence on the physical properties, compression strength, and failure behavior of 3DP rock analogs. The porosity decreases (the difference is 7.09%) with the decrease in the LT, while the density and peak strength increase (showing a difference of 0.12 g/cm3 and 5.67 MPa). The specimens printed at the 200 and 300 μm LT mainly experience tensile shear destruction with brittle failure characteristics. The ductility of the 3DP rocks increases with the printing LT. The higher the content of the coarse grain (CG), the larger the density and the lower the porosity of the specimens (showing a difference of 0.16 g/cm3 and 8.8%). The largest peak compression strength with a mean value of 8.53 MPa was recorded in the specimens printed with CG (i.e., 100% CG), and the peak strength experiences a decrease with the increment in the content percentage of the fine grain (FG) (showing a difference of 2.01 MPa). The presented work helps to clarify the controlling factors of the printing process and materials characteristics on the physical and mechanical properties of the 3DP rock analogs, and allows for providing customizable rock analogs with more controllable properties and printing schemes for laboratory tests.

Study on functional mechanical performance of array structures inspired by cuttlebone

The cuttlebone structure is a complex porous bionic structure with an asymmetric S-shaped wall structure connecting laminar septa. Studies have shown that the cuttlebone structure has a low weight, high strength, and excellent energy absorption capability. To establish bio-inspired structures with superior biological functions, researchers have proposed the sinusoidally corrugated cuttlebone-like array structure (SCS). In this study, referring to Euler’s theory combined with the Gaussian curvature, the effects of the thickness t, height H, amplitude A, and period P of the SCS under compressive shearing were analyzed. Through finite element calculations and parameter sensitivity analysis, the optimized Su4-Sl2 SCS was obtained. Based on the optimization results, a structure named the elliptical corrugated cuttlebone-like array structure (ECS) was designed. Various ECSs were prepared via three-dimensional (3D) printing, and the compression and shear deformation characteristics of the ECSs were analyzed through experiments and simulations. The results showed that the bearing capacities of the new ECSs were improved compared with those of SCSs; moreover, Eu60-El90, Eu60-El60, and Eu60-El60 ECSs had the best compressive and shear capacities. From the perspective of the stress, the peak compression, peak shear stress in the y-direction, and peak shear stress in the x-direction were increased by 14.2%, 32.8%, and 14.9%, respectively. From the perspective of the energy, the compressive strain energy, shear strain energy in the y-direction, and shear strain energy in the x-direction were increased by 22.8%, 33.0%, and 78.1%, respectively.

Effects of in vivo fatigue-induced microdamage on local subchondral bone strains

Biomechanical strain is a major stimulus of subchondral bone (SCB) tissue adaptation in joints but may also lead to initiation and propagation of microcracks, highlighting the importance of quantifying the intratissue strain in subchondral bone. In the present study, we used micro computed tomography (μCT) imaging, mechanical testing, and digital image correlation (DIC) techniques to evaluate the biomechanical strains in equine SCB under impact compression applied through the articular surface. We aimed to investigate the effects of in vivo accumulated microdamage in equine SCB on the distribution of mechanical impact strain through the articular cartilage. Under the applied strain of 2.0 ± 0.1% (mean ± standard deviation, n=15) to the articular surface of cartilage-bone plugs, the overall thickness of the SCB developed eSCBOverall = 0.7 ± 0.2% in all specimens. Contours of high strains in specimens without microdamage (NDmg) aligned parallel to the cartilage-bone interface with peak tensile, ϵt, and compressive, ϵc, strains of 0.5 ± 0.3% and 1.2 ± 0.4%, respectively at the time of peak compression (n=7). In damaged specimens (Dmg), contours of high strains aligned with the cracks in the imaged plane with peak strains of ϵt= 1.2 ± 0.8% and ϵc= 3.5 ± 2.2%, respectively (n=7). Microdamage was the main predictor of the normalised compressive and tensile strains across the SCB thickness. Results of multivariable analyses revealed presence of microdamage, distance from the articular surface and TMD were the main predictors of normalised compressive and tensile strain. Strain was greater in the superficial bone, particularly for specimens with microdamage. In vivo fatigue-induced microdamage is an important predictor of local subchondral bone strains.

Wear reduction of orthopaedic implants through Cryogenic Thermal Cycling

BackgroundMaterial wear caused by relative micromotion of multi-part orthopaedic implants can impact physiology near the implant site and ultimately lead to revision surgery. Cryogenic Thermal Cycling (CTC) is a process that refines and stabilizes the crystal lattice structure of materials by introducing them to temperature modulation cycles that include extremely low temperatures. This method has been proven to significantly improve the performance and wear life capabilities of mechanical components in an efficient, sterile and non-polluting process. This technical note is aimed to evaluate the impact of CTC on wear resistance at head-neck taper connections used in total hip arthroplasty (THA). MethodsMock up components (heads and trunnions) using the same materials representative of THA implants were manufactured for this study. Components were placed into a custom-designed cooling chamber in which they underwent CTC. Short-term Incremental Cyclic Fretting Corrosion (ICFC) testing was conducted on thermally cycled and control (untreated) components, subjected to a full simulated gait with periodically increasing incremental peak loads (modified BioPuls Dual Station ASTM Hip Simulator). Corrosion-related electrical activity was measured for samples with and without CTC. A long-term wear test was also conducted to evaluate corrosion and fretting under double peak compression loading (no rotation). ResultsFrom the short-term tests, samples that underwent CTC showed a significantly reduced corrosion current at the maximum testing compression load of 3,300 N (p = 0.048). The elevated corrosion onset load seen in the treated components did not reach significance (p = 0.152) and no significant difference in the mean change in open circuit potential (OCP) was observed (p = 0.471). Longer-term wear testing found variable differences in CTC and control components with respect to damaged surface areas. ConclusionCTC was shown to be a viable method to reduce short-term corrosion-related electrical activity in THA head-neck taper connections. While consistent differences were not seen in longer-term measures of corrosion, further study is warranted to evaluate the potential of CTC in the context of reducing wear in modular THA implants.

Experimental achievement and signatures of ignition at the National Ignition Facility.

An inertial fusion implosion on the National Ignition Facility, conducted on August 8, 2021 (N210808), recently produced more than a megajoule of fusion yield and passed Lawson's criterion for ignition [Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 075001 (2022)10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.075001]. We describe the experimental improvements that enabled N210808 and present the first experimental measurements from an igniting plasma in the laboratory. Ignition metrics like the product of hot-spot energy and pressure squared, in the absence of self-heating, increased by ∼35%, leading to record values and an enhancement from previous experiments in the hot-spot energy (∼3×), pressure (∼2×), and mass (∼2×). These results are consistent with self-heating dominating other power balance terms. The burn rate increases by an order of magnitude after peak compression, and the hot-spot conditions show clear evidence for burn propagation into the dense fuel surrounding the hot spot. These novel dynamics and thermodynamic properties have never been observed on prior inertial fusion experiments.

Design of multi neutron-to-gamma converter array for measuring time resolved ion temperature of inertial confinement fusion implosions.

The ion temperature varying during inertial confinement fusion implosions changes the amount of Doppler broadening of the fusion products, creating subtle changes in the fusion neutron pulse as it moves away from the implosion. A diagnostic design to try to measure these subtle effects is introduced-leveraging the fast time resolution of gas Cherenkov detectors along with a multi-puck array that converts a small amount of the neutron pulse into gamma-rays, one can measure multiple snapshots of the neutron pulse at intermediate distances. Precise measurements of the propagating neutron pulse, specifically the variation in the peak location and the skew, could be used to infer time-evolved ion temperature evolved during peak compression.

Experimental Stress Analysis of Cross-Laminated Timber Elements under Cyclic Moisture

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels have been adopted as main structural elements in the mass timber constructions that have recently caught the attention from different stakeholders. The enhanced mechanical performances allow the design of impressive structures like tall buildings. However, not so much is known about the performance of CLT panels under service life condition. In this context, the strain distribution taken from an experimental campaign carried out using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is considered as a basis to investigate the stress distribution presented by CLT panels under cyclic moisture variations. Four CLT configurations promoting different moisture flow were conditioned in climatic chambers for 324 days at a constant temperature of 20°C, and with a humidity cycle varying every 21 days between 30% and 90%, getting constant at 65% after the first 142 days. Strains calculated through DIC, along with moduli of elasticity defined by ultrasound tests, were used to estimate strained and released stresses, respectively, before and after cutting specimens. Results show that sealing CLT panels play an insignificant role on distribution of stress induced by cyclic moisture, but peak stresses, both tension and compression resulted from wetting and drying cycles, respectively, were reduced in many specimens, especially when longitudinal faces were sealed. Moreover, as general recommendations to take in the design of CLT panels regarding moisture changes, it is possible to identify the need to limit the longitudinal length of panels, to use more thin layers rather than less thick ones, and to protect panels in the longitudinal direction, owing to high stress concentrated along this direction, particularly in the borders.

Biomechanical Analysis of Stoop and Free-Style Squat Lifting and Lowering with a Generic Back-Support Exoskeleton Model.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) induced by industrial manual handling tasks are a major issue for workers and companies. As flexible ergonomic solutions, occupational exoskeletons can decrease critically high body stress in situations of awkward postures and motions. Biomechanical models with detailed anthropometrics and motions help us to acquire a comprehension of person- and application-specifics by considering the intended and unintended effects, which is crucial for effective implementation. In the present model-based analysis, a generic back-support exoskeleton model was introduced and applied to the motion data of one male subject performing symmetric and asymmetric dynamic manual handling tasks. Different support modes were implemented with this model, including support profiles typical of passive and active systems and an unconstrained optimal support mode used for reference to compare and quantify their biomechanical effects. The conducted simulations indicate that there is a high potential to decrease the peak compression forces in L4/L5 during the investigated heavy loaded tasks for all motion sequences and exoskeleton support modes (mean reduction of 13.3% without the optimal support mode). In particular, asymmetric motions (mean reduction of 14.7%) can be relieved more than symmetric ones (mean reduction of 11.9%) by the exoskeleton support modes without the optimal assistance. The analysis of metabolic energy consumption indicates a high dependency on lifting techniques for the effectiveness of the exoskeleton support. While the exoskeleton support substantially reduces the metabolic cost for the free-squat motions, a slightly higher energy consumption was found for the symmetric stoop motion technique with the active and optimal support mode.

Joint Profile Characteristics of Long-Latency Transient Evoked and Distortion Otoacoustic Emissions.

In clinical practice, otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) are interpreted as either "present" or "absent." However, OAEs have the potential to inform about etiology and severity of hearing loss if analyzed in other dimensions. A proposed method uses the nonlinear component of the distortion product OAEs together with stimulus frequency OAEs to construct a joint reflection-distortion profile. The objective of the current study is to determine if joint reflection-distortion profiles can be created using long-latency (LL) components of transient evoked OAEs (TEOAEs) as the reflection-type emission. LL TEOAEs and the nonlinear distortion OAEs were measured from adult ears. Individual input-output (I/O) functions were created, and OAE level was normalized by dividing by the stimulus level yielding individual gain functions. Peak strength, compression threshold, and OAE level at compression threshold were derived from individual gain functions to create joint reflection-distortion profiles. TEOAEs with a poststimulus window starting at 6 ms had I/O functions with compression characteristics similar to LL TEOAE components. The model fit the LL gain functions, which had R 2 > .93, significantly better than the nonlinear distortion OAE gain functions, which had R 2 = .596-.99. Interquartile ranges for joint reflection-distortion profiles were larger for compression threshold and OAE level at compression threshold but smaller for peak strength than those previously published. The gain function fits LL TEOAEs well. Joint reflection-distortion profiles are a promising method that could enhance diagnosis of hearing loss, and use of the LL TEOAE in the profile for peak strength may be important because of narrow interquartile ranges. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20323593.

Measurements of the temperature and velocity of the dense fuel layer in inertial confinement fusion experiments

The apparent ion temperature and mean velocity of the dense deuterium tritium fuel layer of an inertial confinement fusion target near peak compression have been measured using backscatter neutron spectroscopy. The average isotropic residual kinetic energy of the dense deuterium tritium fuel is estimated using the mean velocity measurement to be ∼103J across an ensemble of experiments. The apparent ion-temperature measurements from high-implosion velocity experiments are larger than expected from radiation-hydrodynamic simulations and are consistent with enhanced levels of shell decompression. These results suggest that high-mode instabilities may saturate the scaling of implosion performance with the implosion velocity for laser-direct-drive implosions.

A Numerical Simulation of Machining 6061 Syntactic Foams Reinforced with Hollow Al2O3 Shells

Aluminum closed cell syntactic foams possess reduced density, higher peak compression strength, and lower coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity compared to metal alloys. However, the industrial mass production of these complex material systems presents a significant problem in the form of poor machinability. In order to address this concern and to increase the use of this potential cost- and energy-saving system, a two-dimensional numerical model using the AdvantEdgeTM machining software was developed. For the verification of the numerical model, machining trials in dry conditions were conducted on different samples using a SandvikTM carbide-coated insert having a 6° rake angle and a 7° clearance angle. The hollow alumina shell diameter and volume fraction were found to profoundly affect the magnitude of the generated machining forces. This study showed an increase in machining force by almost 25% for syntactic foams reinforced with hollow alumina shells of higher volume fraction and coarser diameters. The cutting conditions to obtain a favorable stress diastribution in the syntactic foam’s machined sub-surface were identified.

Vibration response and failure modes analysis of the temporary support structure under blasting excavation of tunnels

The blasting impact poses a serious threat to the safety of temporary support structures in tunnel blasting construction, such as a temporary middle wall. Thus, this study investigated and explored these problems. First, the dynamic response results of the temporary middle wall after the explosion were studied according to the field monitoring data. Subsequently, the damage characteristics of the temporary middle wall near the blasting source were investigated on field, and the development stages of the failure evolution were summarized. Furthermore, combined with the explicit finite element software LS-DYNA, the fluid–solid coupling algorithm was used to simulate the vibration response and the failure modes of the temporary middle wall under the condition of different charge weight and blasting distances. According to the field investigation, the closest blasting holes away from the temporary middle wall had a much more significant impact on its damage than other holes. The failure reason of the sprayed concrete of the supporting structure is caused by the excess high peak tension or compression stress. The failure process of supporting structure can be divided into four development stages with the reduced distance away from the blasting source: the appearance of the cracks, the cracks interconnect to form large X-shaped cracks, structural bending-shear coupling failure, and instability failure. The displacement values of the steel arch in the temporary middle wall continuously exceed 7 cm, 20 cm, 28 cm, and 34 cm, respectively, corresponding to the above four failure stages. The relation function containing the blasting tensile stress (BTS) parameter is obtained through dimensional analysis, which can be directly used to design and the damage evaluated of temporary support structures subjected to blasting at close range.

Trunk muscle forces and spinal loads while walking in persons with lower limb amputation: Influences of chronic low back pain

Persons with lower limb amputation (LLA) are at high risk for developing chronic low back pain (LBP), often with biomechanical factors considered as likely contributors. Here, trunk and pelvis kinematics, muscle forces, and resultant spinal loads were characterized in persons with LLA, with and without chronic LBP. Thirty-five persons with unilateral LLA – 19 with chronic LBP (“LLA-cLBP”), 16 without LBP (“LLA-nLBP”) – and 15 (uninjured) persons without LBP (“CTR-nLBP”) walked overground (1.3 m/s) while thorax and pelvis kinematics were tracked (and ranges of motion [ROM] computed), and used as inputs for a non-linear finite element model of the spine to estimate global and local muscle forces, and resultant spinal loads. In the frontal and transverse planes, thorax ROM were up to 66.6% smaller in LLA-nLBP versus LLA-cLBP (P < 0.001) and CTR-nLBP (P < 0.001). In the sagittal plane, pelvis ROM was 50.4% smaller in LLA-nLBP versus LLA-cLBP (P = 0.014). LLA-cLBP exhibited 45.5% and 34.2% greater peak local and global muscle forces, respectively, versus CTR-nLBP (P < 0.011). Up to 48.1% greater spinal loads were observed in LLA-cLBP versus CTR-nLBP (P < 0.013); peak compression and local muscle forces were respectively 20.2% and 41.0% larger in LLA-nLBP versus CTR-nLBP (P < 0.005). Despite differences in trunk and pelvis kinematics between LLA-cLBP and LLA-nLBP, trunk muscle forces and spinal loads were similar (P > 0.101) between these groups. Similar loading parameters regardless of LBP presence, while highly dependent on trunk muscle activation strategies, may mitigate further accumulation of mechanical fatigue. It remains important to understand the temporality of loading with respect to LBP onset following LLA.

Influence of parameters on mechanical properties of poly (L-lactic acid) helical stents.

With better biocompatibility, bioresorbable poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) helical stents are expected to replace the commonly used metallic stents. However, due to the great difference between the material properties of PLLA and those of metals, the current research results on mechanical properties of stents will not be applicative. In this article, the effects of i on the radial compression performance and bending stiffness of PLLA helical stents were systematically studied, and the effect of temperature on the radial compression performance of the helical stent was investigated. The findings obtained indicate that the reduction of initial pitch angle and initial diameter can enhance the radial compression performance. The reduction of initial pitch angle and the increase of initial diameter can weaken the bending stiffness of the helical stent. Moreover, the increase of temperature will reduce the radial stiffness and peak compression force of the helical stent. A favorable agreement between the theoretical and experimental results of radial compression properties was found in stents with the initial pitch angle between 14° and 21° and all initial diameters. This work can provide suggestions for the use of the theoretical formula in structure design of the helical stent.

Use of thermodynamic models for compression ratio and peak firing pressure optimization in heavy-duty diesel engine

European Union Commission declared 30% CO2 reduction target for 2019 report-out for heavy-duty vehicles. Nowadays, the main focus of automotive manufacturers is reducing CO2 emissions. To ensure 30% CO2 emission reduction, companies are examining the effect of different fuel economy contributors. Developing prototype diesel engines and performing tests for different conceptual studies are both expensive and complicated conditions. As a result, OEMs should employ virtual tools with an enhancing trend. In this paper, the fuel economy improvement effects of increasing the compression ratio and maximum in-cylinder pressure limitation in the 12.7L heavy-duty diesel engine are examined using a thermodynamic model rather than actual dynamometer tests. Initially, the generated thermodynamic model is correlated with dynamometer test data. A predictive combustion model is used. NOx emission prediction correlation is also performed. Then, the most vital operating points representing VECTO and on-road fuel economy cycles are detected. At these critical operating points, the thermodynamic model is run with varied calibration parameters such as fuel injection quantity & timing, boost pressure & air mass flow set points. Thermodynamic model outputs are used for the Gaussian Process Model generation. A multi-objective optimization methodology is utilized to thoroughly examine the fuel consumption and NOx emission trade-off trends for various peak firing pressure hardware limit and compression ratios scenarios. It is proven that since the fuel residency of part load points is more critical than full load points in the VECTO cycle and long haul vehicles, the CO2 reduction potential of increasing compression ratio is observed to be comparatively lower concerning increasing peak firing pressure limit. The methodology can be utilized for performing fast and accurate fuel economy benefits examination of different technologies or concepts in a virtual platform resulting in a significant reduction in the number of actual dynamometer tests.

Study on compression load and energy absorption characteristics of glass fiber honeycomb tube

In terms of the deficiency of the existing research on the compression load and energy absorption characteristics of composite structures, a glass fiber honeycomb tube with different thickness and different cell number was proposed. The static compression test was carried out by universal testing machine. The results show that the failure forms of honeycomb tube are fiber fracture damage, fiber layer delamination and their composite forms. The peak compression load and total energy absorption increase with the increase of cell number and thickness, and the specific energy absorption increase only with the increase of thickness. The compression peak load of single-cell honeycomb tube with wall thickness of 0.4 mm is the smallest, which is 2.21 KN; and the compression peak load of eight-cell honeycomb tube with wall thickness of 1.2 mm is the largest, which is 91.48 KN. The corresponding total energy absorption is 25.16 J and 2257.57 J respectively; the corresponding specific energy absorption is 8.38 J/g and 45.06 J/g respectively.

Experimental and numerical investigation of the design strategy of new anticollision posts for a typical railway vehicle

ABSTRACT The forward design strategy and method for anticollision posts are of great importance to improve the crashworthiness of newly built railway vehicles to protect the survival space for drivers and passengers. This paper investigates the forward design strategy and method for anticollision posts from four aspects of theoretical calculation, structural design, numerical simulation, and experimental validation. The results show that the proposed forward design strategy and method for railway vehicle anticollision posts are effective and feasible. The proposed new types of anticollision posts have good elastic-plastic performance and could meet the requirements of ASME RT-2-2014 standard. The agreement between the test and simulation is reasonably good and the accuracy of the FE models is verified. The relative errors are 1.23%, −2.98% and −14.85% for the peak compression force of the posts and 7.94%, 4.48% and 4.17% for the longitudinal residual displacements at mid height of the posts.

Effects of perforation design on corrugated fiberboard panel compression

An investigation on the effects of perforation design on compression behaviour was conducted on L70C corrugated fiberboard panels. A two-level factorial design of experiments was used to examine the effect of four perforation design parameters. This study differs from prior work in that the location of perforation lines is allowed to vary according to the design parameters, while the perforation style is kept constant. The perforated panel designs were cut from commercially manufactured containers using a laser cutter. Panel compression tests were carried out with five replicates of each design. Statistical ANOVA tests were done examining peak loads, compression at peak load and panel stiffness and their variance for the perforated panel designs. There were significant differences in peak load and compression at peak load results between perforated panel designs. The area enclosed by perforation relative to the panel area showed an inverse relationship with peak load and compression at peak load. Regression analysis showed three of the design parameters have a significant influence on peak load and compression at peak load.

Observation of Hydrodynamic Flows in Imploding Fusion Plasmas on the National Ignition Facility.

Inertial confinement fusion implosions designed to have minimal fluid motion at peak compression often show significant linear flows in the laboratory, attributable per simulations to percent-level imbalances in the laser drive illumination symmetry. We present experimental results which intentionally varied the mode 1 drive imbalance by up to 4% to test hydrodynamic predictions of flows and the resultant imploded core asymmetries and performance, as measured by a combination of DT neutron spectroscopy and high-resolution x-ray core imaging. Neutron yields decrease by up to 50%, and anisotropic neutron Doppler broadening increases by 20%, in agreement with simulations. Furthermore, a tracer jet from the capsule fill-tube perturbation that is entrained by the hot-spot flow confirms the average flow speeds deduced from neutron spectroscopy.

Achieving record hot spot energies with large HDC implosions on NIF in HYBRID-E

HYBRID-E is an inertial confinement fusion implosion design that increases energy coupled to the hot spot by increasing the capsule scale in cylindrical hohlraums while operating within the current experimental limits of the National Ignition Facility. HYBRID-E reduces the hohlraum scale at a fixed capsule size compared to previous HYBRID designs, thereby increasing the hohlraum efficiency and energy coupled to the capsule, and uses the cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) to control the implosion symmetry by operating the inner (23° and 30°) and outer (44° and 50°) laser beams at different wavelengths (Δλ&amp;gt; 0). Small case to capsule ratio designs can suffer from insufficient drive at the waist of the hohlraum. We show that only a small amount of wavelength separation between the inner and outer beams (Δλ 1–2 Å) is required to control the symmetry in low-gas-filled hohlraums (0.3 mg/cm3 He) with enough drive at the waist of the hohlraum to symmetrically drive capsules 1180 μm in outer radius. This campaign is the first to use the CBET to control the symmetry in 0.3 mg/cm3 He-filled hohlraums, the lowest gas fill density yet fielded with Δλ&amp;gt; 0. We find a stronger sensitivity of hot spot P2 in μm per Angstrom (40–50 μm/Å wavelength separation) than observed in high-gas-filled hohlraums and previous longer pulse designs that used a hohlraum gas fill density of 0.6 mg/cm3. There is currently no indication of transfer roll-off with increasing Δλ, indicating that even longer pulses or larger capsules could be driven using the CBET in cylindrical hohlraums. We show that the radiation flux symmetry is well controlled during the foot of the pulse, and that the entire implosion can be tuned symmetrically in the presence of the CBET in this system, with low levels of laser backscatter out of the hohlraum and low levels of hot electron production from intense laser–plasma interactions. Radiation hydrodynamic simulations can accurately represent the early shock symmetry and be used as a design tool, but cannot predict the late-time radiation flux symmetry during the peak of the pulse, and semi-empirical models are used to design the experiments. Deuterium–tritium (DT)-layered tests of 1100 μm inner radius implosions showed performance close to expectations from simulations at velocities up to ∼360 km/s, and record yields at this velocity, when increasing the DT fuel layer thickness to mitigate hydrodynamic mixing of the ablator into the hot spot as a result of defects in the ablator. However, when the implosion velocity was increased, mixing due to these defects impacted performance. The ratio of measured to simulated yield for these experiments was directly correlated with the level of observed mixing. These simulations suggest that reducing the mixing, e.g., by improving the capsule defects, could result in higher performance. In addition, future experiments are planned to reduce the coast time at this scale, delay between the peak compression and the end of the laser, to increase the hot spot convergence and pressure. To reduce the coast time by several hundred ps compared to the 1100 μm inner radius implosions, HYBRID-E has also fielded 1050 μm inner radius capsules, which resulted in higher hot spot pressure and a fusion energy yield of ∼170 kJ.