Peach Oil Research Articles

Unsaponifiable Compounds and Phenols Content, Antioxidant and Antitrypsin Activities of Prunus persica Kernel Oil.

Although peach kernels are rich in oil, there is a lack of information about its chemical and biological properties. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the lipid profile, antioxidant capacity, and trypsin inhibitory propriety of peach oil extracted from two varieties (sweet cap and O'Henry) cultivated in Tunisia. The investigated peach kernel oil contains significant amount of unsaponifiable (2.1±0.5-2.8±0.2% of oil) and phenolic compounds (45.8±0.92-74.6±1.3 mg GAE/g of oil). Its n-alkane profile was characterized by the predominance of tetracosane n-C24 (47.24%) followed by tricosane n-C23 (34.43%). An important total tocopherol content (1192.83±3.1 mg/kg oil) has been found in sweet cap cultivar. Although rich in polyphenols and tocopherols, the tested oil did not display an inhibitory effect on trypsin. However, all peach oil samples showed effective antioxidant capacity and the highest values (86.34±1.3% and 603.50±2.6 μmol TE/g oil for DPPH test and ORAC assay, respectively) were observed for sweet cap oil. Peach oil has an excellent potential for application in the food and pharmaceutical industries as source of naturally-occurring bioactive substances.

Research on the development of composition and technology of an emulgel with a probiotic component for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases

The aim was conducted research to develop the composition and technology of a new soft preparation under the conventional name "Probioskin" for topical use with a probiotic component in the form of an emulgel.
 Materials and methods of work. The homogeneity was determined by visual inspection of the experimental samples, using a biological microscope XSP-128 ULAB. The rheological (structural and mechanical) properties of the samples were studied using a Rheolab QC rheoviscosimeter (Anton Paar, Austria) with a C-CC27/SS coaxial cylinder system. The Rheolab QC rheometer is equipped with RheoPlus software. Microbiological studies and biotesting on a biological model of infusoria were performed under aseptic conditions of a laminar flow box (biological safety cabinet AC2-4E1 "Esco", Indonesia) of the Department of Biotechnology of the National University of Pharmacy. The identification of lactobacilli and the number of live cells as critical indicators of a preparation containing live microorganisms were performed at each stage of the study. Bacterioscopic control was carried out by examining smears prepared from samples of the dissolved drug and stained by Gram stain. Bacteriological control was performed by inoculation on thick MRS-4 medium and liquid MRS-1 medium. The number of live lactobacilli (when lactobacilli were co-cultured with the drug components at the stages of development and in the finished product) was determined by surface sowing on Petri dishes with thick MRS-4 medium; after 48 h of incubation at (37±1)°C, colonies grown on the surface of the medium were counted and the number of live lactobacilli expressed in CFU was calculated in 1 ml of the drug.
 Results and discussion. Based on the conducted research, the composition of a soft preparation for topical use containing dexpanthenol, lactic acid, lyophilized lactobacillus biomass, propylene glycol, peach oil, polysorbate-80, aristoflex AVC, tocopherol, and purified water was developed. The production process of the developed Probioskin product is carried out according to a standardized scheme and consists 8 stages: preparation of raw materials, preparation of oil concentrate of the probiotic component, preparation of aqueous concentrate of active substances, preparation of gel base, preparation of emulsion, dosing into tubes, packaging of tubes into packs, packaging of packs into group containers.
 Conclusions. On the basis of a complex research, the composition and rational technology of a soft preparation for topical use under the conventional name "Probioskin" in the form of an emulsion was developed.
 Key words: pharmacological research, soft drug, emulgel, probiotics, dermatological diseases

ФИТОХИМИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ, РАЗРАБОТКА СОСТАВА И ТЕХНОЛОГИИ КАРАНДАШЕЙ С ЭФИРНЫМ МАСЛОМ ЛИСТЬЕВ МЯТЫ ВОДНОЙ, ПРОИЗРАСТАЮЩЕЙ НА СЕВЕРНОМ КАВКАЗЕ

The leaves of water mint growing in the Northern Caucasus were chosen as an object of research. Earlier authenticity of water mint on external and anatomo-diagnostic signs with the purpose of distinction from close species was defined. Based on the results of qualitative reactions and quantitative determination (steam distillation method) in the leaves of water mint was detected essential oil, the content of which was 1,92%. The method of ascending chromatography on paper identified flavonoids: rutin, luteolin, hyperoside. The presence of flavonoids in the raw material was confirmed by cyanidine test (by pink staining) and the formation of a yellow-green complex (with a solution of aluminum chloride (III) 2% alcohol). The spectrophotometric method determined the content of the sum of flavonoids in terms of luteolin, which was 0,72±0,05%. The method of approximate-quantitative spectral analysis analyzed the content of chemical elements from the place of preparation of leaves of water mint in Chegemsky area of KBR. The research revealed 7 trace elements as additional sources possessing antiseptic; analgesic; antipyretic; anti-inflammatory; wound-healing, etc. properties. The optimal bases (beeswax, cocoa butter, paraffin, PEO-4000, PEO-400, tween-80, lanolin, peach oil) for medical pencils with aqueous mint essential oil were selected experimentally. For this purpose, 5 compositions of pencils with a model concentration of essential oil of 2% were selected. The technology of making pencils by pouring method was developed. The estimation of smearing and sticking ability of pencils was carried out. It is established, that the best smearing and sticking ability possesses a pencil of composition №5 which has been chosen as optimum for the further researches.

Obtaining emulsions of furanocoumarins from Sosnowsky’s hogweed and <i>in vitro</i> assessment of their phototoxic effect

Background. Furanocoumarin-based drugs are used for photochemotherapy of various diseases. Sosnovsky’s hogweed can be an available source of furanocoumarins for the development of drugs.The aim of the study. To obtain stable emulsions containing furanocoumarins from Sosnowski’s hogweed and to evaluate their photocytotoxicity.Materials and methods. To obtain the emulsions, furanocoumarins were extracted with chloroform from the sap of the aerial part of the Sosnowski’s hogweed. The chloroform extract was clarified by silica gel gradient column chromatography. The extractive fraction containing furanocoumarins was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (UV) detection. An extract with a high content of 8-methoxypsoralen was used to prepare two types of emulsions. The extract was dissolved in peach oil and emulsified in water with tween-80 (emulsion No. 1) and in an aqueous glycerin solution with lecithin (emulsion No. 2).The emulsions were tested for dark and photo-induced toxicity for human lung fibroblasts. The dose of UV radiation for the photoactivation of furanocoumarins was 9 J/cm2. A solution of chlorine e6 was used as a comparison photosensitizer.Results. The obtained emulsions contained 1 mg/ml 8-methoxypsoralen. Both emulsions were homogeneous at macro- and microscopic visualization, remained stable when stored under various temperature conditions for 14 days. Emulsion No. 2 did not show dark toxicity and caused a statistically significant inhibition of cell viability under UV irradiation at a concentration of 12.5–31.3 µg/mL. Emulsion No. 1 had a toxic effect on cells regardless of UV irradiation due to the content of tween-80. According to fluorescent microscopy, the phototoxic effect of emulsion No. 2 was manifested mainly due to apoptosis, in contrast to the effect of chlorine e6, in which there were more pronounced signs of cell necrosis.Conclusion. The developed experimental emulsions of furanocoumarins from Sosnovski’s hogweed are an example of promising medicinal photosensitizers of plant origin for phototherapy of various dermatological and oncological diseases.

Клінічний ефект застосування персикової олії з вітамінами А, Е, D зовнішньо на шкіру в дітей з атопічним дерматитом

Vitamins A, E, D play an extremely important role in ensuring the normal functioning of the skin and mucous membranes, an adequate immune response, and maintaining resistance to various adverse external factors. The impact of vitamins A, E, D, and the relationship between their availability and the susceptibility to skin allergies continues to be studied. Peach oil is widely used in medicinal ointments and creams for dermatitis, and vitamins are successfully used in the systemic treatment of atopic dermatitis in children. The possibility of combined external application of peach oil and vitamins A, E, D to the skin in atopic dermatitis in children is of scientific interest. Purpose - to study, evaluate and analyze the clinical effect of combined external application of peach oil and vitamins A, E, D on the skin in atopic dermatitis in children. Materials and methods. During the research, 64 children with atopic dermatitis and 32 children of the control group aged from 1 to 17 years were examined. Сomparative assessment of the clinical effect of traditional and improved complex therapy of 64 children with atopic dermatitis. Improved complex therapy included the external application on the skin of peach oil with vitamins A, E, D twice a day during four weeks. General clinical, immunological, questionnaires and statistical research methods were used. Results. The research of different variants for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children showed better clinical effect of improved complex therapy with the external application on the skin of peach oil with vitamins A, E, D, which was accompanied by a decrease in the prevalence and intensity of skin manifestations, itching, normalization of sleep and it was confirmed by a decrease in the SCORAD index, a decrease markers of allergic inflammation - concentrations of leukocytes, eosinophils and histamine in the blood. The significant improvement in the course of the disease was noted under the influence of improved complex treatment compared to traditional therapy. Conclusions. The combined external application on the skin of peach oil and vitamins A, E, D with atopic dermatitis in children contributes to a significantly faster reduction of the skin signs such as dryness / flaking, xerosis/hyperkeratosis, lichenization/lichenification, erythema/hyperemia, edema/papules, excoriations/scratches, microvesiculation, exudation/wetting, hemorrhagic and serous crusts, hyperpigmentation, compared to traditional therapy of atopic dermatitis in children. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

LC-MS/MS method for the determination of a semi-synthetic phenolic antioxidant 2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol in rats after different administration routes

IBP (2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol) is a small drug molecule with antioxidant properties considered to be a promising neuro-, cardio-, and retinoprotective agent. In this study, a bioanalytical LC-MS/MS method for its determination in rat plasma was developed using 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one oxime as an internal standard (IS). The analytes were extracted from plasma by liquid–liquid extraction technique using isopropyl alcohol:chloroform mixture (1:5, v/v) followed by evaporation and reconstitution of the residues in acetonitrile. The chromatographic separation was carried out on the EC Nucleodur C8 ec column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) under an isocratic elution mode using acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid (97:3, v/v) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.55 mL/min (40 °C). The IS and IBP were eluted at 3.79 ± 0.02 and 6.30 ± 0.02 min, respectively. The total analysis time was 7.00 min. Multiple reaction monitoring was used to conduct the MS/MS detection in the negative ion mode with transitions at m/z 245.9 → 214.9 (IS) and 379.2 → 256.0 (IBP). Validation studies of the developed method revealed good linearity over the range of 10–5,000 ng/mL. Within- and between-run accuracy was in the range of 92–110%, while within- and between-run precision was below 8%. Additionally, low matrix effects and high recovery (above 98%) were observed. IBP remained stable in rat plasma at room temperature for 4 h, at −80 °C for 21 days, over three freeze–thaw cycles, under vacuum concentrator (45 °C, dried residues) and auto-sampler (15 °C, processed samples) temperatures for 1 h and 24 h, respectively. Subsequently, the validated LC-MS/MS method has been successfully applied to quantitate IBP in actual plasma samples after a single oral, intramuscular, and subcutaneous dose of IBP (10 mg/kg in the peach oil) to rats. Pharmacokinetic studies show that more rapid and complete IBP absorption with a satisfactory excretion rate were observed after oral administration route compared to the intramuscular and subcutaneous ones.

An assessment of circular economy interventions in the peach canning industry

This research identifies and assesses the added value of Circular Economy (CE) to the industrialized production of canned peaches in Greece through the valorisation of the peach kernel, as current supply chain (SC) configurations often overlook it. To this end, this study maps the SC, records manufacturing processing inputs and outputs, and reviews relevant CE interventions that can be applied. The identified interventions are then assessed at an economic, environmental and social level via analyzing economic indicators, conducting a Life Cycle Assessment, and providing a critical discussion on the possible social impacts. Specifically, four scenarios are compared for the case of a canning facility with an annual processing capacity of 10,000 tons of peaches, including: (i) no valorisation to of the peach kernel, (ii) utilization of the peach kernel to generate energy from combustion, (iii) use of the peach kernel to extract oil, and (iv) peach kernel processing for producing both energy and peach oil. The results indicate that all identified CE interventions are advantageous, with the combination of biomass energy and peach oil production being the preferable scenario resulting in a 6.22% increase of the Gross Profit Margin (due to lower energy cost and added revenue from the peach oil) and 16.58% reduction of CO2 emissions (due to the reduced use of crude oil). Notably, peach oil production can be a viable investment for industries that do not have the capital to invest in a biomass plant. Regarding the social aspects, this reconfiguration could benefit farmers by supporting their income under the assumption that the derived profits are distributed fairly. This research contributes to the extant body of circular SC operations literature by assessing an emerging value chain through reconfiguring an established manufacturing network.

Technological aspects of the “Probioskin” emulgel development

Aim. To develop a rational technology of a new semisolid preparation for skin application with a probiotic component in the form of an emulgel under the conditional name “Probioskin”. Materials and methods. When developing the technology the study objects were emulgel samples with selected substances – a lyophilized biomass of lactobacilli, dexpanthenol, lactic acid, and excipients – Aristoflex AVC gelling agent, propylene glycol, polysorbate-80, tocopherol, peach oil. To control the quality of the samples, the requirements of the monograph of the SPhU 2.4 on dosage forms “Semi-solid preparations for dermal use” and the general monograph of the SPhU 2.5 “Viable biotherapeutic drugs for human use” were observed. Results and discussion. The process of production of the “Probioskin” drug developed is carried out in the premises of purity class C according to the standard flowchart: the stage of auxiliary works, the stage of the main technological process, the stage of packaging, labeling and shipment of the finished product. The sequence of the technological stages in accordance with the technology of production of a semisolid preparation for skin application – the “Probioskin” emulgel consists of 8 stages: preparation of the raw material, preparation of an oil concentrate of a probiotic component, preparation of an aqueous concentrate of active substances, preparation of a gel base, preparation of an emulsion, packaging of tubes in packs, packaging of packs in group container. The specification for the “Probioskin” drug includes the following sections: “Description”, “Identification”, “pH”, “Uniformity”, “Mass of packaging contents”, “Microbiologicalpurity”, “Assay”. The results of control of the finished product meet the requirements of the MQC. Conclusions. Based on the complex of physicochemical, microbiological, biopharmaceutical, technological, rheological studies, a rational technology of a semisolid preparation for skin application under the conditional name “Probioskin”in the form of an emulgel has been developed. The indicators of quality, permissible norms, methods of control and critical parameters of production of the product developed have been determined.

The main stages of pharmaceutical development of emulgel “Probioskin”

The aim. To conduct research on the pharmaceutical development of a complex preparation with probiotic “Probioskin” in the form of an emulgel for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory dermatological diseases.
 Methods. Uniformity was determined by visual inspection of the test samples using an XSP-128 ULAB biological microscope. The study of the rheological properties of the samples was carried out using a Rheolab QC rheovisosimeter (Anton Paar, Austria) using a system of coaxial cylinders C-CC27 / SS. Microbiological studies and biotesting on a biological model of ciliates were carried out in aseptic conditions of a laminar box (biological safety cabinet AC2-4E1 “Esco”, Indonesia) of the Department of Biotechnology of the National University of Pharmacy (completely). Pharmacological studies (determination of the parameters of acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory properties on the model of acute exudative inflammation of the foot in rats caused by zymosan and carrageenan) were carried out on the basis of the Central Research Laboratory of the NUPh.
 Results. On the basis of the complex of the carried out studies, the composition of the complex preparation for skin use “Probioskin” was substantiated. The analysis of the microbiological purity of the developed agent during the proposed shelf life of 12 months showed that the drug meets the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia Monograph for cutaneous application in terms of the level of microbial contamination by foreign microflora. The complex of pharmacological studies carried out indicates that the drug “Probioskin” can be attributed to group 6 of class and classified as a “relatively harmless” agent. The study of the anti-inflammatory effect of the drug indicates that the drug exhibits moderate anti-inflammatory properties. Under the condition of zymosan inflammation, which is associated with the activation of leukotrienes as inflammatory mediators, the average antiexudative activity of the drug is 33 %. The drug has a moderate antiexudative effect under the condition of carrageenan edema, which is evidence of its effect on exudation processes mediated by prostaglandins. The mean AEA of the study drug was 24 %.
 Conclusions. For the development of a soft preparation for skin use for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory dermatological diseases, the following components have been selected: active – lactobacilli, dexpanthenol, lactic acid; auxiliary - propylene glycol, peach oil, polysorbate-80, aristophlex, tocopherol, the concentration of which was substantiated on the basis of a complex of organoleptic, physicochemical, pharmacological, microbiological and biological studies. It has been experimentally established that the “Probioskin” emulgel meets the requirements of the SPhU in terms of the level of microbial contamination by extraneous microflora. Pharmacological studies allow the drug to be classified as “relatively harmless” with anti-inflammatory properties at a level not lower than the reference drug

Treatment of closed rib fractures with long-term anesthesia

Since 1956 we have been treating rib fractures with 5% oil solution of novocaine base. A solution of novocaine base in peach oil is available in 5 ml ampoules.

Comparative effectiveness of local treatment of afthous stomatitis

Today, dentists face a diffcult task: in conditions of unfavorable environmental conditions, increased stress, high allergization of the body, tolerance of microorganisms to antibiotic therapy, to fnd a treatment method that will stop the inflammatory process, accompanied by an abundance of opportunistic microflora, improve the quality of life of the patient and reduce the cost of treatment of patients with diseases of the oral mucosa.Aim. of the study:to conduct a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the treatment of the method of ozone therapy and the drug "Kolegel" relative to the generally accepted methods of treatment of patients with aphthous stomatitis.Materials and methods.The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the method of treatment: conventional, with the use of ozonated peach oil and the application of the drug "Kolegel". The results were evaluated on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days using computer planimetry and pain syndrome assessment using the visual analog pain scale (VAS: VAS).Results.For 1-14 days, the drug "Kolegel" and applications with ozonated oil proved their effectiveness, for 7 days, patients did not complain of pain, there was a reduction in the area of aft, which indicated the relief of the inflammatory process.Conclusions.According to the results of the study, it was proved that the inclusion of the drug "Kolegel" and ozone therapy in the treatment regimen of patients with aphthous stomatitis is a highly effective method and contributes to the acceleration of reparative regeneration.

Development and Standardization of Crayons with Eucalimine

Introduction. Promising sources of preparation of antiinflammatory drugs of interest for practical medicine are substances of plant origin. One of them is eucalimine, isolated from leaves or shoots of eucalyptus prutoid (Eucalyptus viminalis Labil) of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae), is a purified sum of terpenoid phenoloaldehydes of the floroglucine series (euglobals) and triterpenoids.Aim. The purpose of the present work is to create drug pencils with eucalimine for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.Materials and methods. The object of research is eucalymin. The study of the shape and size of ekalimine particles and its distribution in various dispersion media: cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, emulsion wax, castor oil, peach oil, medical petroleum jelly was carried out.Results and discussion. The paper presents the results of experimental studies justifying the selection of adjuvants for medical pencils and their standardization.Conclusion. The composition and technology of medicinal pencils with eucalimine for external use has been developed, quality indicators have been established.

Применение природных средств в комплексной профилактике и лечении респираторных инфекций у детей

In pediatric practice, much attention is paid to natural components used for the prevention and treatment of respiratory infections. Nasal drops Tamba Tuya (Adonis LLC, Russia) contain extracts of peloid from lake Tambukan, thuja, essential oils of fir, lavender, vitamin E, dexpanthenol, dihydroquercetin, glycerol, olive oil, and peach oil. These components are effective for the prevention and treatment of rhinitis, adenoiditis, bacterial complications, as well as for prevention of adverse reactions from decongestants. We have developed a method of its application that has not only local, but also systemic effects in children. Step 1: nasal rinsing with saline solutions; step 2: instilling Tamba Tuya drops (1–2 drops in each nostril) three times a day; step 3: infriction of the drops into the skin on the temples for 2–3 minutes as aromatherapy, which ensures penetration of the drug components through the skin into the blood with a systemic effect. Minimum course duration: 2 weeks. The use of the drops from the first days of respiratory infections in 30 children aged 4 to 7 years in the experimental group (30 children were in the control group) ensured milder (76.3% compared to 60% in the control group) and shorter disease (by 2 days). The majority of participants (83.3%) from the experimental group demonstrated rapid resolution of rhinitis symptoms and lower need for decongestants. A total of 86.6% of children in the experimental group and 53.3% of controls showed an improvement in emotional and behavioral responses, including activity, adaptability, intensity, mood, and distraction. Key words: children, prevention, treatment, respiratory infections

Study of the hyaluronic acid solubility for development of the vaginal gel composition

Topicality. Hyaluronic acid is widely used in cosmetic and medical products as a moisturizing, anti-inflammatory and reparative component. Currently, the urgent issue is the expansion of the assortment of medicines of native production, which include hyaluronic acid.Aim. The research is devoted to the choice of the optimal solvent for the insertion of hyaluronic acid into a composition of vaginal gel.Materials and methods. The object of the study was low molecular weight hyaluronic acid with a molecular weight of 0.09 × 10^6 Da. Microscopic analysis using a Microscope Konus Academi has been carried out to study the dissolution of the hyaluronic acid powder in water, peach oil, the most common hydrophilic non-aqueous solvents and mixtures thereof.Results and discussion. In the course of the study, the shape and size of the hyaluronic acid particles in various solvents and their mixtures were determined.Conclusions. It has been established that the hyaluronic acid is unlimitedly swells in water at a temperature of 20 °C. Addition of PEO-400 and propylene glycol improves its wetting and distribution of particles in solvent volume. The addition of tween-80 to purified water has allowed increasing the speed and completeness of the hyaluronic acid dissolution.

Effect of neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone on the higher nervous activity of old non-human primates

The results of studies on the biological effects of the prolonged administration of physiological doses of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on behavior and state of the higher nervous activity (HNA) in old rhesus macaques that had reached the limit of biological age are presented. HNA was investigated using the procedure of motor-alimentary conditioned reflexes, which allows assessing the long-term (conditioned-reflex) memory in animals. The state of short-term (working) memory was evaluated using the test of delayed response performance. DHEA was administered intramuscularly in peach oil at a dose of 1 mg/kg every two days for three months. DHEA at the doses used improved HNA and balanced the excitatory and inhibitory processes in the brain. The motor activity and alimentary motivation were increased. The woolliness lost was restored in old monkeys under the action of DHEA; this effect persisting for a year.

PRODUCTION AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PEACH (PRUNUS PERSICA) KERNEL FLOUR

ABSTRACT Peach seed is an agro‐industrial residue that corresponds to approximately 10% of the fruit weight. In this work, peach kernel flour was produced by drying at 45, 55 and 65C, with and without maltodextrin. The flour was characterized for protein, ether extract, fatty acids, fibers and minerals. The presence of maltodextrin influences the drying rate. Peach kernel flour showed values for ether extract between 23.86 ± 0.03 and 27.15 ± 0.47 g/100 g. Peach kernel fatty acids show unique characteristics, very high quantities of oleic (ω‐9) and linoleic (ω‐6) acids (around 50% each), which is rare in vegetable oils. Ash values were from 4.62 ± 0.08 to 6.52 ± 0.17 g/100 g. Protein values were from 17.11 ± 0.55 to 21.33 ± 5.56 g/100 g, concentrations comparable with those of black beans, soy beans and peanuts.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSPeach harvesting season is very short; it lasts only 1 or 2 months. The peach kernel flour suggested in this work corresponds to a product that is more stable, and thus more favorable for transportation and storage, allowing its use throughout the whole year. Considering a minimum kernel yield of 50%, which corresponds to approximately 5% of the whole fruit, and that world production of peaches is estimated in 12 million tons, approximately 600,000 tons of kernel or 200,500 tons of flour could be produced, and considering a minimum kernel yield of 30%, 60,750 tons of kernel peach oil could be produced. According to the process described in this work, it is possible to produce 30.84 kg of kernel flour per 100 kg of residue per ton of fresh processed peach and that can result in a functional food, pending on further works, including biological assays and development of new products.

Polyhydroxy Alcohols and Peach Oil Addition Influence on Liquid Crystal Formation and Rheological Behavior of O/W Emulsions

The aim of this study was to develop O/W emulsions with a self‐emulsifying base (SEB) containing liquid crystals (LC) and evaluate the influence of polyhydroxy alcohols and peach oil addition in liquid crystal formation as well as to analyze the rheological behavior of these systems. Formulations containing SEB were supplemented or not with glycerin, sorbitol, propylene glycol, and/or peach oil. All formulations studied had lamellar crystalline phases. Peach oil addition increased the viscosity of SEB, while humectants had different behavior, glycerin enhanced the viscosity of the studied formulations supplemented or not with peach oil, and propylene glycol decreased the viscosity of all formulations studied. On the other hand, sorbitol enhanced the viscosity of formulations containing peach oil. All emulsions presented pseudoplastic behavior and thixotropy.

13C NMR study of peach oil

AbstractThe detailed analysis of peach seed oil was performed using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. From the 13C NMR solution spectra it was possible to detect the content of saturated, mostly palmitic fatty acids (∼100 g kg−1), the oleic–linoleic ratio in sn‐1,3 and sn‐2 positions was (2:1 and 1:2) and the positional distribution of glycerol esters on triacylglycerol chains, which is a mixture of OPO and OOP. With these characteristics this oil can be used in food applications. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry

Effects of the androgen preparation "Testoenatum" on reproductive function in males of Atlantic salmon and several species of whitefish

Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, and several species of whitefish, Coregonus nasus, C. peled, C. Lavaretus baeri, males were treated with a long-acting medical androgen preparation - "Testoenatum". This preparation contains 24 mg of testosterone enanthate and 111 mg of testosterone propionate in 1 ml peach oil solution. Multiple (2–5) or single intraperitoneal injections of a standard dose (0.1 ml/kg fish body weight) were used. Treatment performed shortly before the beginning or within the breeding season resulted in a significant stimulation of spermiation, improvement of sperm parameters and extention of the gonad functional maturity period for 1–4 months. Low water temperatures (0.5–l.0 °C) seem to be essential to obtain a long-lasting effect after one injection. The histology of the pituitary gland suggests that the gonadotropic cells were activated through a positive feedback mechanism. Testoenatum suppressed Sertoli cells' phagocytary activity.

Course of development of acute toxic hepatitis in rats stimulated with prodigiosan

Acute toxic hepatitis was induced in Wistar rats by a single injection of 40% CCl4 in peach oil in a dose of 0.2 ml/100 g body weight. During stimulation with the bacterial polysaccharide prodigiosan the resistance of the hepatocytes to CCl4 rose sharply and this was reflected in a decrease in the severity of destruction of the hepatic parenchyma.