Peach Fruit Moth Carposina Research Articles

Patterns of genetic variation among geographic and host-plant associated populations of the peach fruit moth Carposina sasakii (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae)

BackgroundPopulations of herbivorous insects may become genetically differentiated because of local adaptation to different hosts and climates as well as historical processes, and further genetic divergence may occur following the development of reproductive isolation among populations. Here we investigate the population genetic structure of the orchard pest peach fruit moth (PFM) Carposina sasakii (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) in China, which shows distinct biological differences when characterized from different host plants. Genetic diversity and genetic structure were assessed among populations from seven plant hosts and nine regions using 19 microsatellite loci and a mitochondrial sequence.ResultsStrong genetic differentiation was found among geographical populations representing distinct geographical regions, but not in host-associated populations collected from the same area. Mantel tests based on microsatellite loci indicated an association between genetic differentiation and geographical distance, and to a lesser extent environmental differentiation. Approximate Bayesian Computation analyses supported the scenario that PFM likely originated from a southern area and dispersed northwards before the last glacial maximum during the Quaternary.ConclusionsOur analyses suggested a strong impact of geographical barriers and historical events rather than host plants on the genetic structure of the PFM; however, uncharacterized environmental factors and host plants may also play a role. Studies on adaptive shifts in this moth should take into account geographical and historical factors.

Soil moisture conditions determine phenology and success of larval escape in the peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii (Lepidoptera, Carposinidae): Implications for predicting drought effects on a diapausing insect

Global climate change is expected to alter precipitation variability and exacerbate the impact of drought on species. Diapausing insects spending most of their lifetime in soil may be particularly vulnerable to changes in precipitation and soil moisture conditions, but few studies have examined the impacts of changing precipitation variability on this group. Here we investigated this issue in the peach fruit moth Carposina sasakii, one of the most destructive insect pests in orchards in East Asia. We first tested the effects of different levels of soil moisture on the timing and success of larval escape. We then investigated how larval escape is affected by the changes in the persistence of suitable soil moisture conditions and timing of moist conditions at different post-development periods. We found that the larvae had higher escape success at moderate soil moisture levels, while the time of larval escape decreased linearly with soil moisture level. Larval escape increased with the period of suitable soil moisture, but with little impact on time of larval escape. Most larvae escaped only when suitable soil water was supplied. Larval escape success was highest when moisture was available at the intermediate post-developmental stage. Our findings help to understand how changes in patterns of drought (magnitude, persistence and termination) affect larval escape from soil, and in predicting larval escape of the overwintering generation of peach fruit moth.

Warming Accelerates Carbohydrate Consumption in the Diapausing Overwintering Peach Fruit Moth Carposina sasakii (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae).

Climate warming provides a challenge for small insects persisting in cold seasons through diapause because they fail to accumulate and maintain adequate reserves to complete this stage successfully. One way of understanding this challenge is to follow physiological changes in these insects under higher temperatures, including the consumption and allocation of energy reserves during and after diapause. We simulated autumn and spring warming conditions to study carbohydrate consumption dynamics during diapause-post-diapause periods by monitoring shifts in carbohydrate levels in a facultative diapause species, the peach fruit moth Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae). We found carbohydrates were rapidly consumed in the post-diapause phase, which might lead to a trade-off in the allocation of energy reserves between diapause maintenance and post-diapause development. This suggests that temperature increases in autumn and spring may alter diapause maintenance and post-diapause development through changing carbohydrate levels.

Development and Characterization of Novel Microsatellite Markers for the Peach Fruit Moth Carposina sasakii (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) Using Next-Generation Sequencing.

The peach fruit moth Carposina sasakii is an economically important pest on dozens of fruits from Rosaceae and Rhamnaceae in Northeast Asia. We developed novel microsatellite markers for C. sasakii from randomly sequenced regions of the genome using next-generation sequencing. In total, 95,153 microsatellite markers were isolated from 4.70 GB genomic sequences. Thirty-five polymorphic markers were developed by assessing in 63 individuals from two geographical populations. The allele numbers ranged from 2 to 9 with an average value of 4.60 per locus, while the polymorphism information content ranged from 0.075 to 0.696 with an average value of 0.407. Furthermore, the observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.000 to 0.677 and 0.062 to 0.771, respectively. The microsatellites developed provide abundant molecular markers for investigating genetic structure, genetic diversity, and existence of host-plant associated biotypes of C. sasakii.

Sexual dimorphism of adult labial palps of the peach fruit moth Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) with notes on their sensilla

AbstractThe labial palps and their sensilla of the peach fruit moth Carposina sasakii Matsumura, a serious pest of pome fruits in eastern Asia, were investigated using light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The labial palps are three‐segmented and exhibit distinct sexual dimorphism in length: much longer in the female than in the male. Four types of sensilla were found on the labial palps: campaniform, squamiform, chaetic and flattened sensilla. The campaniform sensilla are present on the first segment alone. The squamiform sensilla are located on all the three segments. The chaetic sensilla are mainly present on the third segment. The flattened sensilla are grooved with wall pores and situated in a labial palp‐pit organ, which is located at the apex of the distal segment of the labial palp. The sexual dimorphism of the labial palp and the labial palp‐pit organ was briefly discussed.

Developmental inhibition of gamma irradiation on the peach fruit moth Carposina sasakii (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae)

Ionizing irradiation is a useful technique for disinfestation under plant quarantine as well as post-harvest management. Effects of gamma irradiation treatment were tested on different developmental events of Carposina sasakii, which is a serious pest of various orchard crops. Apple fruits infested by C. sasakii were irradiated by gamma rays ranging from 0 to 300Gy. Inhibition rates were determined on behavioral events related to development, including larval exit from apples, cocoon formation, adult eclosion, and oviposition. Failure rates of all these developmental events increased with increasing doses of irradiation. Rates of larval exit from apples and cocoon formation decreased to 13.2% and 1.7%, respectively, at 300Gy. However, the adult eclosion rate decreased to 5.4% at 100Gy and was completely inhibited at doses greater than 150Gy. LD99 values for the inhibition of cocoon formation and adult emergence was estimated into 313.4 and 191.0Gy. Furthermore, adults developed from irradiated larvae completely failed to lay eggs. Thus, irradiation of infested apples at doses of 200Gy and higher completely inhibited the next generation of C. sasakii. Our results suggest that gamma irradiation treatment would be a promising technique for the control of C. sasakii.

果樹りんし類害虫の性フェロモントラップへの誘殺と雄成虫の分散活動

Synthetic sex pheromones used were those of the oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta, the Asiatic leafroller Archippus breviplicanus, and the peach fruit moth Carposina niponensis. Actually no G. molesta were caught when their sex pheromones were placed side by side with those of A. breviplicanus in the same traps. A. breviplicanus was not caught in any of the traps set up. In either of G. molesta and Pammene nemorosa which were frequently caught in the G. molesta traps, curves depicting the trend in the cumulative percentage of daily catches in the summer and autumn did not show significant differences between Japanese pear and chestnut. This fact indicates that the dispersal activities of the males of both species can be traced over wide areas in different environments including chestnut trees, which are not the habitual host plants of G. molesta. It is suggested that in the summer and autumn, G. molesta males invaded extensively the Japanese pear plots studied, which consisted of young trees with a canopy thin. C. niponensis males were caught both in the Japanese pear plots and in a chestnut plot, although the total number of catches was small in all the plots.

A Convenient Synthesis of (Z)-7-Nonadecen-Ll-One and (Z)-7-Eicosen-Ll-Cne -the Pheromones of Peach Fruit Moth

Abstract In 1977 Tamaki1 et al have isolated and synthesized2 (Z)-7-nonadecen-ll-one (la) and (Z)-7-eicosen-l1-one (1b) which are active components of the female sex pheromones of the peach fruit moth Carposina niponensis Walsingham, a major economic pest of apple, peach and other fruits of Japan. We report in this communication a practical, convenient and stereospecific route to 1a and 1b.

A Granulosis Virus of the Peach Fruit Moth, Carposina niponensis WALSINGHAM : Lepidotera : Carposinidae

Description of a newly discovered granulosis virus of the peach fruit moth Carposina niponensis and histopathological observation of the infected larva were reported in this paper.The oval capsules were approximately 480 nm long and 300 nm wide, while the virus rods were 265 nm long and 40 nm wide. Light microscopic observations of the infected larvae suggested that the fat body, tracheal matrix, Malpighian tubule, epidermis and midgut were the tissues susceptible to the virus. A cross-transmission test of the virus to larvae from four Tortricidae species, Adoxophyes sp., A. orana fasciata, Archippus breviplicanus, and Homona magnanima, was unsuccessful.