World Peace Research Articles

War, Factor of War and Humanitarian Law

War is the biggest enemy of humankind. None of the catastrophescan inflict more damage on humanity than does the war. Althoughwar is condemned by the UN law, there are no strategicmechanisms to prevents its occurrence over time. The given articledoes not concentrate on any concrete war. Its main goal is todiscuss the issue of preventing war. Why do states go for war?What are the reasons of war? How strong is the mechanism ofpeaceful solution? Where is the line between just and unjust war?Is today the world peace possible? How secure is the worldtoday? The given article condemns all forms of war, however itadmits that war is still inevitable in some instances and thus itconcentrates of the humanitarian law- what was achieved, whatis its current state and what may be done in the future in this respect.In a world where the great powers control everything, thefactor of brute force still is on the agenda. The given article discussesthe potential of the humanitarian law as a means of peacefulresolution of conflicts in future. In the process of writing thearticle, our country came face to face before the brutalities of war.So it would be impossible to avoid discussing this episode as well.Although fully unbiased evaluation of this event will requiresome time, the article will try to cover main facts and discuss therole international relations and more specifically the humanitarianlaw played in the 5-day war between Russia and Georgia (August2008).

Introduction to the Special Issue: Hiroshima +75: building peace in Japan and beyond

The use of atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki has been extensively studied in war and peace literature. Research abounds on the ethical debates surrounding the bombing, the legal and political ramifications of the use of nuclear weapons, the socio-cultural underpinnings of the peace movements, and the somatic and psychological consequences of the bombing. However, Hiroshima’s reconstruction has rarely been studied from the scholarly lens of peacebuilding approaches that cover various aspects of post-war reconstruction. The city and prefectural governments of Hiroshima published several reports on Hiroshima’s history of reconstruction over the years, and as of 2014, with an aim to support peacebuilding efforts elsewhere and contribute to achieving a peaceful world. Using policy analysis, new empirical data, updated historical accounts, and interdisciplinary lenses, the contributions in this Special Issue respond to this objective by bridging the past war experience and the present peace aspirations from Hiroshima to bring new insights into post-war reconstruction and peacebuilding research and practice.

Konflikt zbrojny na Ukrainie i jego skutki ekonomiczne

The purpose of the article is to show that the world of politics is inextricably linked with the economic sphere, and that political decisions have a huge impact on the economic environment regardless of whether they are made in peacetime or during ongoing conflicts. The current armed conflict in Ukraine shows vividly how the pursuit of Russia’s strategic goals, which are contrary to the principles and norms of international law and threaten world peace, unites Western countries in making decisions aimed at forcing Russia to revise its actions. These decisions have an economic dimension to the greatest extent, because economic sanctions in the absence of military engagement are the only tool in the hands of the West. Sanctions as a means of exerting pressure change the conditions under which the economies of both the sanctioned and the imposing entities operate. The severity of sanctions depends largely on their size and duration. In addition, sanctions automatically trigger so-called market effects that can be felt universally in the global market economy. The following research methods were used in the study: analysis of the Polish-language literature, descriptive method, statistical method.

“Only a God Can Save Us Now”: Why a Religious Morality Is Best Suited to Overcome Religiously Inspired Violence and Spare Innocents from Harm

It is common to hear the refrain that religion is a major cause of violence today. And this claim is not without merit. Religious differences can fuel animosity and lead to societal conflict. On the other hand, scholars have increasingly recognized the role of religion in overcoming societal divides and helping people to heal and forgive. This paper will examine the latter capacity of religion to minimize the harms that occur during violent conflicts. It will be argued that secular ethical theories often fail to provide any principles or foundations that can help moderate passions, alleviate tensions, or provide frameworks for what is licit in war. In fact, the world views of terrorists and secular ethicists of war are often strikingly similar. Religious ethicists, on the contrary, have often encouraged practices (prayer for one’s enemies, forgiveness) and provided principles (dignity of every human, non-combatant immunity, just war theory) that can help moderate the violent tendencies of war and bring about a more peaceful and equitable resolution. While religion is not entirely off the hook for promoting violent conflict, religion can provide ethical frameworks and principles that help minimize the harms of conflicts and promote world peace.

Implications of Russia- Ukraine War on World Peace and Security

The lingering tension between Ukraine and Russia have been visible since Ukraine gained its independence in 1991 not until 20 February, 2014 following the Ukraine’s revolution of dignity, and in February 2022 Russia lunched a full scale invasion of Ukraine. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is the most violent interstate conflict in the world since the second invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan in 2003 and 2001 respectively by the United States of America. The paper examined the nature and causes of this war, and consequences of the war. The Qualitative method of data analysis through the use of Secondary sources of data was used in achieving the said objectives. The paper adopts the power theory as theoretical framework in investigating the nature of the war, remote and immediate causes of the war. The paper found out that the war is hybrid in nature and there are remote causes such as Ukraine’s sense of national identity, idiosyncrasy of the leaders’ involved and immediate causes such as Ukraine’s sovereignty, and status of Crimea, Donetsk, and Luhansk, international alliances, that triggered the occupation of Ukraine by Russia in February of 2022. The paper recommends that respect for a state’s sovereignty as enshrined in international law and United Nation’s charter should be a thing of national concern of both countries, that referendum should be considered especially with issues surrounding the status of Crimea. Also the paper recommends mutual tolerance and respect for international law, to avert plunging the world into avoidable crises of unimaginable proportion

THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE RECOVERY PROCESS OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY IN BURUNDI, CENTRAL AFRICA

Women can play a role in peacemaking and peacebuilding in real terms such as taking many actions, both in the political, social, and economic fields, including being involved in peace talks (negotiators), assisting the rehabilitation of child victims of armed conflict, bridging conflicting parties to discuss issues. However, the issue of peace and all efforts to make it happen are considered part of men's work. Thus, the role of women, in this case, is less significant. Women and children are the most victims when a conflict occurs. There are two characteristics of different views to be able to understand gender and conflict. The essentialist view is based on an ontology that states that the world is rule-governed, a construction view that is based on an ontology that states that an ever-changing world. The research method used in this study is a qualitative-descriptive approach. Data comes from various sources, such as obtaining the desired data through documentation studies and digital traces. This is an important force in peace, so women deserve to be called the agents of peace in its essence towards world security and peace. In the post-conflict recovery process in Burundi, women have an important and central role, namely as peacekeepers.

E Pluribus Unum – A dangerous concept for the world since not always those who are not like us are against us

AbstractToday’s world is less stable than the Cold War international system. Why didn’t the high expectations for a peaceful world materialise that existed 30 years ago? This Article singles out two interrelated trends that stem from mistakes made when it seemed that humanity, having learned from history, was entering a period of the ‘end of history’. This forms the very basis for today’s negative tendencies to flourish. The triumphant West tried to unify the whole world under one leadership and to make it uniform. Yet, the world is simply too big, complex and diverse for only one ideology, be it Judeo-Christian, Anglo-Saxon, Confucian, Muslim or secular liberal-democratic, to dominate. Therefore, those states that couldn’t or didn’t want to follow Washington, began to claim their own place and the right to go their own way. Until it is recognised that there is a value in acceptance of diverse ways of life within a society and in the existence of diverse political systems, economic models and societal arrangements, there will not be even a relative peace in the world. Equally, recognition and acceptance of balance of power in international relations is even more important than the adherence to the principle of separation of powers within states. The second trend is expressed in conflicts between elites and masses, whose grievances are exploited by populists. The idea that globalisation would lead, if not to the disappearance of the State, then at least to a considerable shrinking of its role, turned out to be wrong.

On permanent world peace from a political anthropology perspective

Humans share the same cruel genes as their close relatives, chimpanzees, and their belligerence and bloodlust may never lead to permanent peace of the world. Some people think that war can reduce violence by enlarging the scale of human social bodies, but it not only depends on the institutional structure of peace but also makes the scale of war between social bodies larger, which cannot solve the problem. With the development of religion and other cultural traditions, through thousands of years of subtle influence, people have formed a "no killing" rule of civilization in their minds and tend to solve disputes in a peaceful way to counter against the aggressive genes in their bodies. However, many religious traditions have made some "exceptions" under the rule of “no killing”, which makes killing a religious excuse and makes it possible to kill people on a larger scale. To solve the problem of permanent peace of the world, we need to start with religious and cultural reforms and more strictly limit the "exception" principle of killing. Of course, it will take a long time.

RELIGION AND POLITICAL ECONOMY

This article seeks to investigate the integration between political economy and religion offered in the forum Religion of Twenty (R20). The idea of R20 forum by Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) is one of the ideas to unite perceptions between countries and religions. It is based on the phenomenon of the global economy which has begun to be disrupted by conflicts and wars in several countries. Various wars by the superpowers have had implications for disrupting economic stability. Thus, the role of religion in terms of world peace also contributes to the success of global economic stability. In further analysis, this article refers to Ibn Khaldun, Al-Ghazali, Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and John Stuart Mill’s political economy to answer how is the relationship between religion and world peace in economic development? And what role does the R20 forum play in integrating political economy and religion for global economic development? The findings in this article indicate that the sources of political economy in R20 are a means of integrating its patterns in line with the values and essence of religious teachings.

Unnoticed Child from the Conflict Zone: A Study of Human Behaviour in Select Indian Graphic Novels

Children in conflict-affected regions face numerous obstacles that can substantially impact their cognitive and behavioural development. The purpose of this study is to examine how Indian Graphic Novels, specifically Malik Sajad’s Munnu: A Boy from Kashmir and Varud Gupta & Ayushi Rastogi’s Chhotu: A Tale of Partition and Love, depict the routine of children’s lives in conflict-prone regions. The selected novels effectively convey the lived experiences of the young protagonists and offer an original perspective on their struggles. Children who are deprived of a safe environment due to violence are frequently subjected to financial, sexual, psychological, and physical maltreatment, as well as rules and restrictions from their parents, teachers, and neighbours. The ecological system theory, which contends that a child’s environment affects their general behaviour, is employed in the study. It underlines the effects of living in a conflict zone on behaviour, including post-traumatic stress disorder. Despite the significant influence of parents, culture, and social norms, the study demonstrates that the behaviour of young protagonists living in conflict zones is strongly influenced by their environment (chronosystem). According to the analysis, conflict-related violence against children has become a significant threat to global development. While the number of children affected by the violent environment is unclear, it is evident that those confined to ‘home life’ in a combat zone are at a greater risk of abuse and trauma. The study emphasises the critical requirement for defending the legal rights of children living in conflict areas and giving them a secure environment. It places a strong focus on the value of social services, healthcare, and education in preserving and advancing children’s rights. The purpose of the study is to contribute to a greater understanding of human behaviour in the context of conflict and its potential long-term effects on the development of children. The need to create a just and peaceful world for all children is underlined in the study.

The Existence of Chinese Language in The Globalization Era

<p>In an era of globalization marked by ever-stronger digital connectivity and close economic growth, languages play an important role in cross-cultural communication and international trade. Mandarin, being the official language of the People's Republic of China and the mother tongue of approximately one billion individuals worldwide, is one language that has a prominent role in this context. This article discusses the existence of Mandarin in the era of globalization. Mandarin is quite important in the context of the global economy, in line with the rapid economic growth in China, which is becoming a very influential world economic power. This article is written using a qualitative method by using supporting literature such as books and journals. Globalization brings real business and cultural exchange opportunities, and Mandarin holds the key to maximizing the benefits of these opportunities. The findings of this study are that many language learners are interested in learning Mandarin. In addition, the popularity of Chinese as the second most spoken language outside of China continues to increase, especially in education in schools and language study centres worldwide. Nevertheless, the existence of Mandarin Chinese also faces various obstacles and barriers in the era of globalization. Despite these obstacles, the potential and opportunities in intercultural communication, global economy, and diplomacy continue to grow. Overall, the Chinese have an increasingly important role in the era of globalization. It reflects the ongoing global changes and the importance of cross-cultural understanding to maintain world peace in an increasingly connected world.</p><div id="gtx-trans" style="position: absolute; left: -35px; top: 21px;"> </div>

THE INFLUENCE AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF CONFUCIANISM TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

Confucianism requires individuals to take into account the fairness, justice, harmony and peaceful development of others and the whole society while developing themselves. Contemporary international law lacks this requirement of Confucianism. International law, dominated by western civilization, has neither proper regulation nor necessary condemnation toward some countries’ behaviors of neglecting morality and sacrificing the common interests of mankind when pursuing their own interests. In this regard, Confucianism can play a positive theoretical role in the proper development of contemporary international law for it to return to the direction of justice and morality. Besides, Confucianism itself has a theoretical and historical connection with international law and its natural law thoughts. It also has already made positive contributions to the sustainable development of international law, world peace and the development of international human rights. Thus, it is feasible for Confucianism to contribute to the improvement of contemporary international law. The idea of building a human community with a shared future is the modern interpretation of Confucianism, which can be more systematically used as the theoretical basis for improving contemporary international law, so as to ensure the unity of powers and responsibilities of all countries and to take into account the interests of other countries in their own development.

China-Russia Relations and the Crimea Crisis: Does China Still Insist on the Non-interference Principle?

The crisis in Crimea caused the world to condemn Russia's invasive actions. China, as Russia's strategic partner, is in a dilemmatic situation because on the other hand, China has authority at the UN Security Council to maintain world peace. At the same time, China is also implementing its non-interference principle to respond to this challenge. This article will discuss further about how China can balance its interests with Russia through its non-interference principle and the interests that China has towards Russia. The method used in this research is a qualitative method through document study. The theory used is David Welch's theory of foreign policy change. The findings of this study are China's interests towards Russia, namely energy, military cooperation, and influence in Central Asia so that China's pragmatism arises to support Russia.

Interfaith dialogue in India: Its need and challenges

India has been the land of diverse cultures and religions over a long period of time. The adherents to different religions have been coexisting peacefully and sharing both the glories and the downfalls together. Though there is a long and well-established tradition of religious engagement and debate in India, the process of religious dialogue, particularly Hindu-Muslim dialogue, has yet to find a cohesive expression and a stable foundation on which to stand. Who isn’t aware about the riots, violence and killings on the name of religion in the history of India? The hatred and the disbelief against Muslims have dealt a huge blow for the unity and diversity of India. However, there is still hope for religious dialogue in India, as the country has been a pluralist culture for centuries and the people have lived through religious tolerance and coexistence. The only solution to this would be interfaith dialogue which is mandatory if not dynamic for everyone to have the understanding of different religions or belief systems. In this article, I would start with a brief introduction about interfaith dialogue, its history in India and then discuss in detail the need, importance and contemporary challenges of interfaith dialogue in India. This would help in understanding the dialogue between Hindus, Muslims, Christians, and Sikhs, as well as to eliminate prejudices and misunderstandings regarding each other's faiths. It would also assist in the achievement of common goals such as the establishment of justice and world peace, the protection of human rights, and the promotion of moral values.

‘Many a story is but a crooked way to the truth’?

The myth of King Arthur has been used for many purposes. In post-disaster fiction for young adults, the Arthurian myth has been drawn upon by a number of authors to advocate unity and equality as major factors in creating a just and peaceful world. This article focuses on seven texts set after major global disaster caused by human action has devastated, or is threatening to devastate, the world of the implied present-day reader. The texts for discussion are Ron Langenus’ Merlin’s Return; Janice Elliott’s The King Awakes and The Empty Throne; and Pamela Service’s Winter of Magic’s Return, Tomorrow’s Magic, Yesterday’s Magic, and Earth’s Magic. Although King Arthur is portrayed differently by the three authors, he is presented as a figurehead of unity and peace in all of the texts, and the texts all transpose contemporary values held by the implied author and the implied reader onto what the texts present as ‘King Arthur’s time’, in order to suggest that greed, selfishness, and lust for power contributed to the destruction of King Arthur’s society, and are also threatening to destroy the world of the implied reader. Drawing upon Foucault’s concept of the regime of truth, this article demonstrates that the forms of the Arthurian myth used in the texts for discussion are, however, inherently gendered and nationalistic, and thus subvert the ideas of equality and unity that the texts seek to present.

Form of Presentation and Character Value on Nayakatama Dance

This study aims to determine the form of presentation of the Nayakatama dance and its character values originating from the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study includes the form of presentation and character values in the Nayakatama dance. Nayakatama Dance, one of the Yogyakarta Style dance dramas. This study uses a qualitative approach and ethnographic methods. The data collection techniques are observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The instruments used for data collection were observation sheets, interview guides, and documentation guides. The data is validated using interviews with informants. The resource person in this study is the creator of the Nayakatama dance. The results of the study concluded that the form of presentation of the Nayakatama Dance originates from the Mahabharata story, namely the story of Arjuna Wiwaha. In the performance, it is danced in the form of bedhayan, namely by nine dancers, one person as Raden Arjuna, one person as Prabu Newatakawaca, one person as Dewi Supraba and six people as Rampak Putri. This dance contains character values that exist in humans, that greed, greed, arrogance, and all ambitions that are achieved in a way that is not good can bring disaster. Only humans who have a clean soul, who are not tempted by the splendor of the world, can eradicate bad traits, that is the human being needed to maintain world peace and eternity

MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE IN STRENGTHENING ADOLESCENT EDUCATION BASED ON PSYCHOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY PERSPECTIVE OF THE QUR'AN

This study aims to provide solutions to adolescent problems that occur with multiple intelligences and a variety of activities for adolescents. Multiple intelligences based on psychology and communication technology and strengthened by the perspective of the Qur'an, are expected to be able to provide a new model in strengthening youth education so that one day they will become the next generation of a nation and state that creates world prosperity and peace. The research methodology is library research, as well as qualitative methods but are strengthened by field data from related previous studies and using thematic interpretation methods to strengthen the perspective of the Qur'an. The results of this study prove that multiple intelligences can be achieved by realizing eight responsibilities to children and providing means to improve these multiple intelligences such as a variety of activities that can be carried out with the cooperation of various elements related to adolescents, from family, school, community to government.

Cyber-Attack Regulation: Issues and Advances in International Law

With the development of network technology, cyber-attacks and cyber wars are likely to become new forms of warfare that endanger world peace. The current international law has difficulties in the definition of national sovereignty, the identification of national responsibility and the exercise of the right of self-defense when cyber-attacks occur. The international community needs to supplement and improve the existing rule system as soon as possible and impose stronger legal constraints on transnational cyber-attacks. Some measures can be taken to solve this problem. Firstly, countries around the world should be promoted to reach a consensus on the legal concept of cyber sovereignty. Secondly, the applicable conditions of the current law need to be clarified. That is to say, the national responsibility for cyber-attacks and a clearer interpretation of threat or use of force and armed attack should be clarified. Meanwhile, the circumstances and methods of exercising the right of self-defense should be clarified when a cyber-attack is encountered. Thirdly, new rules of international law and relevant international soft laws should be created to solved these problems.

Hiroshima’s ongoing peacebuilding and beyond: how does this local initiative seek to extend to world peace?

War-torn or post-conflict countries face challenging, complex, and varied tasks related to security, development, and justice to meet the immediate needs of state-building and peacebuilding. Hiroshima, having overcome post-war reconstruction, has remained in the peacebuilding phase by advocating world peace through the value of ‘No more Hiroshimas’. Peacebuilding studies and mainstream debates emphasising the local perspective have not, however, touched upon this historical moment, when the Hiroshima Prefectural Government enacted ‘Hiroshima for Global Peace’, pursuing peacebuilding through a nuclear-free world. In this context, this article analyses how Hiroshima’s provincial government policy demonstrates ongoing peacebuilding in pursuit of world peace. Considering local-global relations, it examines how local policy connects the shared values of a nuclear-free world. Second, it shows how local-state relations highlight Japan’s peacebuilding policy, which includes security cooperation, by sharing the vision of Hiroshima as a symbol of world peace.

Influence of Different Texts and Religions on M.K. Gandhi’s Philosophy of Peace

Peace refers to both internal peace as well as external peace. M.K. Gandhi believed that the path of truth is the path of peace and he added a new facet of non-violence to the world of philosophy to find the path of truth. He wanted to build a world of peace based on non-violence where there would be no war, no revolution and no bloodshed. He said that peace would not come until the great powers boldly take decision to disarm them. So there needs to be a limit on the production of swords in the world just like the production of opium because swords are probably the cause of more human misery than opium. Violence can never be beneficial to mankind. So violence has to be completely given up in the world affairs and it is possible when love and non-violence are the rules of human existence. In fact he believed that peace can be established through non-violence. It has to be said that in adopting the principle of non-violence and truth. Gandhi was influenced by various religions such as Vaishnavism, Jainism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam apart from texts.