PE Method Research Articles

Suitable pilot search method for channel estimation in underwater acoustic OFDM systems

The underwater environment poses challenges to the Underwater Acoustic OFDM (UWA-OFDM) system, causing the tendency of lacking pilots to recover the channel impulse response (CIR). Our previous research (pilot enrichment estimator) supplemented potential pilots based on the distance to the nearest constellation point below a fixed threshold T. However, this does not guarantee that the extracted pilots have sufficiently good quality. Therefore, this article presents a suitable pilot search (SPS) method with the flexible threshold T and second minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimation to improve channel estimation effectiveness in UWA-OFDM systems. Our approach is compared to the MMSE and PE methods across various criteria, such as pilot spacing and different modulators. The experiments demonstrate that the SPS estimator performs better than the MMSE and PE techniques regarding bit error rate (BER).

Valuation Analysis of the Chinese Wine Sector Based on Indicators

As a unique type of wine, Chinese wine is one of the traditional beverages in China, with a long history and profound cultural deposits, and has a wide consumer base. Moreover, as the subject of heavy foreign investment, it is also one of the sectors with the highest share of institutional investors in A-shares, which is of great research value. Contemporarily, the Chinese wine industry has entered the stage of recovery and the production has started to show a gradual growth. Therefore, this paper attempts to value the 20 Chinese wine companies currently listed through the PE, PEG, PCF, and EV valuation method to help investors find suitable investment options. According to the valuation analysis, Luzhou Laojiao and Fen Wine are currently the most worthwhile companies to invest in. In fact, they have good operating conditions, i.e., no cash flow problems, PEG less than 1, indicating that they are undervalued companies and have high enterprise value. In addition, Gujing Distillery and King's Luck Brewery are also performing well, although their enterprise values are lower compared to the leading companies, they are still worth considering. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of stock valuation of Chinese wine industry.

Literatur Review: Pembatasan energi untuk peningkatan umur panjang. Manajemen alternatif terhadap metabolik obesitas

Diet development today tends to lead to accelerated growth of chronic diseases. Obesity plays a negative role in the development of chronic disease. This risk factor also occurs in the aging process. The condition of organ tissue dysfunction and cell death that occurs with aging also occurs in obesity due to chronic inflammation. This study analyzes the beneficial effects of applying Calorie Restriction (CR) or Energy Restriction (PE) to achieve a long life span, especially in obese individuals. This article is a literature review study with qualitative analysis by searching the PubMed electronic database from February to July 2021 and searching for articles through Meta-analysis, Review, and Systematic Review. Six articles have high relevance. References obtained were compiled and reviewed by summarizing and analyzed by triangulation. Furthermore, examining previous research's pros and cons finally gives alternative solutions. The results of the study showed the application of the PE method by reducing daily energy consumption without causing the risk of malnutrition because it still considers an essential nutrient. In conclusion, the benefits of PE have an impact on slowing down aging molecularly. Slowing down the aging process can increase a person's life expectancy.

Deep reinforcement learning using least‐squares truncated temporal‐difference

AbstractPolicy evaluation (PE) is a critical sub‐problem in reinforcement learning, which estimates the value function for a given policy and can be used for policy improvement. However, there still exist some limitations in current PE methods, such as low sample efficiency and local convergence, especially on complex tasks. In this study, a novel PE algorithm called Least‐Squares Truncated Temporal‐Difference learning (LST2D) is proposed. In LST2D, an adaptive truncation mechanism is designed, which effectively takes advantage of the fast convergence property of Least‐Squares Temporal Difference learning and the asymptotic convergence property of Temporal Difference learning (TD). Then, two feature pre‐training methods are utilised to improve the approximation ability of LST2D. Furthermore, an Actor‐Critic algorithm based on LST2D and pre‐trained feature representations (ACLPF) is proposed, where LST2D is integrated into the critic network to improve learning‐prediction efficiency. Comprehensive simulation studies were conducted on four robotic tasks, and the corresponding results illustrate the effectiveness of LST2D. The proposed ACLPF algorithm outperformed DQN, ACER and PPO in terms of sample efficiency and stability, which demonstrated that LST2D can be applied to online learning control problems by incorporating it into the actor‐critic architecture.

Robust analytic continuation of Green's functions via projection, pole estimation, and semidefinite relaxation

Green's functions of fermions are described by matrix-valued Herglotz-Nevanlinna functions. Since analytic continuation is fundamentally an ill-posed problem, the causal space described by the matrix-valued Herglotz-Nevanlinna structure can be instrumental in improving the accuracy and in enhancing the robustness with respect to noise. We demonstrate a three-pronged procedure for robust analytic continuation called PES: (1) Projection of data to the causal space. (2) Estimation of pole locations. (3) Semidefinite relaxation within the causal space. We compare the performance of PES with the recently developed Nevanlinna and Carath\'{e}odory continuation methods and find that PES is more robust in the presence of noise and does not require the usage of extended precision arithmetics. We also demonstrate that a causal projection improves the performance of the Nevanlinna and Carath\'{e}odory methods. The PES method is generalized to bosonic response functions, for which the Nevanlinna and Carath\'{e}odory continuation methods have not yet been developed. It is particularly useful for studying spectra with sharp features, as they occur in the study of molecules and band structures in solids.

Study on the ground attenuation of engine run-up and APU noise for developing the airport noise model in Japan

The correction for ground effect around airports is modeled based on the results of numerical analysis in order to make it possible to estimate the propagation of noise caused by ground operations in airports such as engine run-ups and APU to the vicinity of airports. The excess attenuation due to ground effects on sound caused by engine run-ups and APU is calculated using a PE method for typical jet aircraft and propeller aircraft, respectively. On the assumption that the ground around an airport consists of asphalt-paved surface and grass-covered surface in a certain ratio, the excess attenuation for the mixed impedance ground is calculated with the Fresnel-zone method using the results of PE calculation. The composition ratio of ground surface is assumed based on the composition ratio of asphalt-paved surface and grass-covered surface along the propagation path from the engine run-up spot to the airport site boundary of six major airports in Japan. In this paper, we introduce the excess attenuation calculated with the PE method and the correction model for ground effects on noise of engine run-ups and APU is discussed to implement it in the airport noise prediction model used in Japan.

The Financial Statement Analysis of Hermès

This article analyzes the financial performance of Hermès and give an evaluation of the company stock price. Hermès is one of the largest luxury brand in the world, and it has just been through the COVID-19 period with the demand of expansion of their business. First, the paper gives an overview of Hermès’ annual report and demonstrate common-size analysis and ratio analysis on three financial data. Then, Hermès’ share price will be evaluated by using multiples valuation method (MVM). Diversified valuation can not only increase the reliability of the results, but also provide more dimensions for subsequent stock price analysis. Therefore, the three valuation methods selected in this paper are PE method, PS method and EV / EBITDA method and the price of Hermès equity is overvalued can help to reveal the company’s market value and reduce the blindness investment behavior. The reason is that after the outbreak, the United States and other developed countries tried to relax monetary policy and promulgated various fiscal stimulus bills, resulting in the increase of foam.

The Performance of Thirty-Eight Evapotraspiation Methods against the Penman Montieth Method

Evapotranspiration is an important parameter to know in the management of agricultural water resources. There are several methods for estimating evapotranspiration (ETo). The FAO Penman-Monteith method is considered the universal standard for estimating ETo, however, the climate parameter data needed to calculate the ETo of the FAO Penman-Monteith method are not always available, so it is necessary to evaluate performance using several ETo equations as a comparison in estimating evapotranspiration. This study aims to find the performance of the ETo 38 empirical method against the FAO Penman Monteith method and the climatological data parameters that most influence the accuracy of the calculations. The data used is in the form of climatological data for Bora Station which represents land and settlement areas, Boladangko Station representing mountainous areas and Singkoyo Station representing coastal areas with an observation period of 32 years (1986-2017). The performance of the 38 empirical methods was evaluated using the PE, RMSE, MAE, MR and slope methods. The results of this study indicate that: the Makkink method, Abtew1, Irmak et al., Tabari & Talaee1, Valiantzas1 and Abtew3 showed excellent performance, while the WMO and Mahringer methods performed poorly in the three research locations; the number of climatological parameters used had no significant effect on the ETo results obtained. The use of climatological parameters in the form of temperature and solar radiation in the ETo calculation has the greatest effect on the accuracy of the ETo value.

Drug use pattern among non-heterosexual and transgender people detained in a female prison complex

ABSTRACT Objective to investigate through a cross-sectional study the prevalence and pattern of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs use among non-heterosexual and transgender inmates of a female prison complex in the city of Recife, PE Methods a representative sample of 294 inmates was assessed, aged between 18 and 63 years old as female Results 227 reported to be strictly heterosexual while 67 reported involvement in non-heterosexual practices. The prevalence of tobacco use was higher among non-heterosexual inmates (80.6%; p < .01), as well as illicit drugs (58.2%; p < .001). Among transgenders a higher prevalence of tobacco (92%; p < .01), alcohol (36%; p < .01), and illicit drugs (72%; p < .001) use was observed when compared to cisgender inmates. The consumption of tobacco and alcohol was higher among illicit drugs users (84.9% and 26.9%, respectively). Regarding the illicit drugs use pattern, the most used substance among inmates was marijuana, regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity Conclusions the present findings demonstrate a greater risk of non-heterosexual incarcerated individuals for substance use, which reflects the vulnerability of these individuals in the prison environment, indicating the need for debate and create public policies toward reducing inequities for this population, assuring them fundamental rights to health and maintenance of human dignity.

Hospital capacity for patient engagement in planning and improving health services: a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundPatient engagement (PE) in planning or improving hospital facilities or services is one approach for improving healthcare delivery and outcomes. To provide evidence on hospital capacity needed to support PE, we described the attributes of hospital PE capacity associated with clinical quality measures.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of general and specialty hospitals based on the Measuring Organizational Readiness for Patient Engagement framework. We derived a PE capacity index measure, and with Multiple Correspondence Analysis, assessed the association of PE capacity with hospital type, and rates of hand-washing, C. difficile infection rates and 30-day readmission.ResultsRespondents (91, 66.4%) included general: < 100 beds (48.4%), 100+ beds (27.5%), teaching hospitals (11.0%) and specialty (13.2%) hospitals. Most featured PE in multiple clinical and corporate departments. Most employed PE in a range of Planning (design/improve facilities 94.5%, develop strategic plans 87.9%), Evaluation/Quality Improvement (accreditation 91.2%, develop QI plans 90.1%) and Service Delivery activities (develop information/communication aids 92.3%). Hospitals enabled PE with multiple supports (median 12, range 0 to 25), most often: 76.9% strategic plan recognizes PE, 74.7% patient/family advisory council, and 69.2% pool of patient volunteers; and least often: 30.0% PE staff, 26.4% PE funding and 16.5% patient reimbursement or 3.3% compensation. Hospitals employed a range of less (inform, consult) and more (involve, partner) active modes of engagement. Two variables accounted for 29.6% of variance in hospital PE capacity index measure data: number of departments featuring PE and greater use of active engagement modes. PE capacity was not associated with general hospital type or clinical quality measures.ConclusionsHospitals with fewer resources can establish favourable PE conditions by deploying PE widely and actively engaging patients. Healthcare policy-makers, hospital executives and PE managers can use these findings to allocate PE resources. Future research should explore how PE modes and methods impact clinical outcomes.

A novel method for characterizing the fatigue crack propagation of steel via the weak magnetic effect

Generally, the fatigue failure of reinforced concrete beams under the coupled action of fatigue and corrosion is mainly controlled by the brittle fracture of the steel bar, confirming the significance of the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of the steel bar. In this regard, FCG tests of opening mode I were conducted based on standard compact specimens manufactured from HRB400E steel bar. Meanwhile, the weak magnetic field, including the piezomagnetic field throughout the FCG process and the residual magnetic field (RMF) at certain crack lengths were both recorded. Piezomagnetic hysteretic curves and RMF distribution were analyzed separately, and the characteristic parameters of them were both determined. The evolution mechanism of the weak magnetic field was then comprehensively explored. Finally, the quantitative relationships between the FCG parameters and the characteristic parameters of weak magnetic field were separately established. The proposed relationships were applied in a prediction model of crack length, FCG rate and the FCG life, which were validated through the experimental results. The results showed that the prediction accuracy of stress intensity factor using PE method, and the prediction accuracy of crack length using PE and MMM methods all reached 90%. The errors between the FCG life predicted by PE and MMM methods and the experimental results were both within 20%.

A measure of complexity based on the order patterns

Cumulative Tsallis entropy (CE) is a recently introduced entropy metric to quantify the uncertainty of time series, and its expressions of continuous random variable and discrete random variable are consistents. So far, it has proved to have a good performance in the characteristics of time series. This paper presents a new method to measure the complexity and similarity of systems—cumulative Tsallis entropy based on the dispersion entropy (DCE). It is different from the traditional PE method to simply symbolize the sequence. Instead, the complexity of the system is characterized by focusing on the amplitude information of the time series and considering the influence of past events. We applied DCE to two kinds of simulation data and six global financial time series. The results show that DCE can be used as a diagnostic model to classify global financial data according to regional characteristics, financial background and government policies. In addition, as a classical method of non-stationary time series, we combine the MSE method with DCE to observe the financial market from different time scales and obtain rich intrinsic properties.

Strain Prediction of Bridge SHM Based on CEEMDAN-ARIMA Model

In this paper, a model based on CEEMDAN-ARIMA is proposed to predict the strain monitoring data for bridge SHM. In view of the problem that the classical time series theory cannot predict the modal overlap-ping data effectively, the CEEMDAN method was used to decompose the strain monitoring data for the bridge SHM. To deal with the large number of components after using CEEMDAN, the PE method (permutation entropy) was used to generate a series of new data sequences according to the degree of randomness. Finally, each new data sequence was predicted and the final prediction is obtained by ARIMA model. The method was used to predict the SHM strain data of a cable-stayed bridge in Shanghai. The results show that the proposed combination method is more accurate than the classical time series theory and is promising for engineering applications.

A surgical outcome of thoraco-lumbar spinal injury occurred in the elderly with diffuse idiopathic hyperostosis - comparison between PES method and traditional trajectory screw method -

A surgical outcome of thoraco-lumbar spinal injury occurred in the elderly with diffuse idiopathic hyperostosis - comparison between PES method and traditional trajectory screw method -

Use of the parabolic equation method for local infrasound propagation predictions

Local infrasound (<150 km) propagation is strongly influenced by range- and time-dependent meteorological conditions. The Parabolic Equation computational method provides an efficient and flexible tool for predicting infrasound propagation in this regime. Over these longer distances, the influence of spatial and temporal variations in the meteorological conditions can be significant. Meteorological conditions extracted from simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are incorporated by updating the effective sound speed profile as a function of propagation range. By examining horizontal grid increments between 1 and 15 km and temporal resolutions between 4 and 60 seconds, we begin to quantify the potential variability in predictions at ranges of up to 150 km, for frequencies between 1 and 20 Hz. This procedure will inform a broader discussion of the application of the PE method to infrasound prediction. [Work funded by the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology) [ASA(ALT)] under 62784/T40. Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; Distribution is unlimited.]Local infrasound (<150 km) propagation is strongly influenced by range- and time-dependent meteorological conditions. The Parabolic Equation computational method provides an efficient and flexible tool for predicting infrasound propagation in this regime. Over these longer distances, the influence of spatial and temporal variations in the meteorological conditions can be significant. Meteorological conditions extracted from simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are incorporated by updating the effective sound speed profile as a function of propagation range. By examining horizontal grid increments between 1 and 15 km and temporal resolutions between 4 and 60 seconds, we begin to quantify the potential variability in predictions at ranges of up to 150 km, for frequencies between 1 and 20 Hz. This procedure will inform a broader discussion of the application of the PE method to infrasound prediction. [Work funded by the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics, an...

Fault Diagnosis Feature Extraction of Marine Rolling Bearing Based on MEMD and Pe

Cui, J.-C. and Ma, L.-J., 2019. Fault diagnosis feature extraction of marine rolling bearing based on MEMD and pe. In: Gong, D.; Zhu, H., and Liu, R. (eds.), Selected Topics in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 94, pp. 342–346. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Aiming at the modal aliasing problem of EMD method, an improved MEMD algorithm is proposed, which can greatly improve the signal-to-noise ratio of reconstructed signal and improve the modal aliasing problem. Through simulation signal analysis, the performance of MEMD method with added and subtracted noise is found. Compared with the meme and noise-added MEMD and pe methods, the optimal range of the added noise and the variance of the signal to be decomposed and the optimal number of concentrated averages are found. The signal-to-noise ratio of the reconstructed signal is continuously increased until the maximum value is applied to the gear and bearing. The analysis of the measured vibration signal of the fault shows the effectiveness of the method. The frequency of the fault feature can be clearly found from the instantaneous energy density spectrum.

PSY167 - COMPARISON OF PHARMACOECONOMIC (PE) EVALUATIONS FOR DRUGS FOR RARE DISEASES (DRDS) EVALUATED BY CADTH AND NICE.

The processes by which DRDs are evaluated varies across health technology assessment (HTA) agencies. The objective of this analysis was to determine trends in how the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies (CADTH) and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) evaluated DRDs, including factors influencing the recommendations issued, to support decision-making and inform best PE practices for DRDs. CADTH DRD recommendations issued between March 2016 and June 2018 were reviewed, and equivalent NICE recommendations were identified. DRDs were excluded where a recommendation was not issued by both agencies. The recommendation(s) made, incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICERs), and PE methods used within the submissions were then extracted and compared to identify key trends in how the evidence was appraised. Nine DRD recommendations were issued by CADTH and NICE. The mean time from submission to recommendation was approximately 6.3 months for CADTH, and 7.8 months for NICE. NICE applied three different processes for the evaluation of the identified DRDs: highly specialized technology appraisal (n=4), single technology appraisal (n=4), and multiple technology appraisal (n=1). No differential processes were applied for DRDs by CADTH. Despite this, final recommendations were similar (positive: n=7 (NICE), n=8 (CADTH); ongoing/negative: n=2 (NICE), n=1 (CADTH)). Similar PE methods were used in the manufacturer-submitted PE evaluations. In all cases the HTA reanalysis ICERs were higher than the manufacturer-submitted ICERs, with the magnitude of difference being greater in the CADTH submissions. While different processes are used by NICE and CADTH, and the reasons for the recommendations vary, the methods used, and final recommendations made were broadly consistent. Differences in the HTA re-analysis ICERs when comparared with the manufacturers submission are indicative of the challenges associated with conducting economic evaluations for DRDs.

Using Bio-Replicated Forming Technologies to Fabricate Shark-Skin Surface

ABSTRACT Shark-skin surfaces show the non-smoothness characteristics due to the presence of riblet structures. In this work, biomimetic shark-skins were prepared by means of different bio-replicated forming techniques. These techniques include the PDMS elastomeric stamping method (e.g., PES method) and the PDMS embedded-elastomeric stamping method (e.g., PEES method). The study characterized the fabricated biomimetic surfaces through the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as 3D microscope. The accuracy of the two replication routes were compared, which included measuring the surface integrity and dimensional parameters ( s, h ) of the riblet-groove structure. The results show that fresh shark-skin without chemical treatments should be used as a replication template whenever possible to attain a satisfactory replication accuracy of the riblet structure. The PES and PEES methods proposed here are effective bio-replicated forming routes in simulating the microstructures of a shark-skin surface. Compared with the PES method, the PEES method has greater precision in simulating the microstructures of a shark-skin surface.

Peritoneal dialysis effectively removes toxic substances and improves liver functions of liver failure patients.

Liver failure (LF) is a clinically complex disorder that characterizes with hepatic dysfunction. This study aimed at observing the therapeutic effects of peritoneal dialysis on liver function in LF patients. This study involves 62 patients diagnosed as LF hospitalized from February 2005 to December 2016. The 62 LF patients were randomly divided into 3 groups, including artificial liver applying plasma exchange group (PE, n = 28), peritoneal dialysis group (PD, n = 22), and conservative treatment group (CT, n=12). Laboratory indexes, including serum total bilirubin (TBiL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin (ALB), blood ammonia (AMMO), international normalized ratio (INR), and creatinine (Cr) were evaluated. Inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and procalcitonin (PCT) were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Peritoneal dialysis significantly improves clinical outcomes, including decreased mortality, increased survival rate and total effective rate, compared to conservative treatment (p < 0.05). Peritoneal dialysis reduced hospitalization expenses compared to PE method and conservative treatment (p < 0.05). Peritoneal dialysis significantly removed toxic substances (including TBiL, AMMO, Cr) compared to conservative treatment (p < 0.05). The post-treatment level of Cr in peritoneal dialysis group was significantly lower compared to post-treatment level of Cr in PE group (p < 0.05). Peritoneal dialysis significantly improved liver function compared to conservative treatment (p < 0.05). Peritoneal dialysis prevented bleeding tendency compared to conservative treatment (p < 0.05). Peritoneal dialysis alleviated inflammatory response compared to conservative treatment (p < 0.05). Peritoneal dialysis effectively removed toxic substances and improved liver functions of liver failure patients and with a lower therapeutic cost.

Sound radiation from a cylinder in shallow water by FEM and PE method

There is no reliable research method for the acoustic radiation prediction of elastic structures in shallow water at present. Based on the finite element method coupled with the parabolic equation, the theoretical model for structure acoustic radiation in shallow water in low frequency is established in this paper. The vibro-acoustic characteristics of elastic cylinder influenced by with upper and lower fluid boundaries is calculated and analyzed. The study shows that when the cylindrical shell approaches the sea surface or bottom, the coupled frequency is higher or lower respectively than that of the shell immersed in the free field. When the diving depth reaches a certain distance range, the coupled frequency tends to be the same as that in free field. The acoustic field radiated from an elastic shell in Pekeris waveguide is similar to that from a point source in low frequency, but significant differences exist between them in high frequency. The structural source can’t be equivalent to a point source. The research results also show that the method proposed in this paper has good adaptability to the type of structure geometry and shallow water waveguide, and the calculation efficient and accurate are also very high.