School PE Research Articles

한국과 중국 스포츠교육학 연구동향 비교분석

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare research trends in sport pedagogy between Korea and China.BR Method: This study analyzed the abstracts of physical education papers published in KCI (N=1340) and CSSCI (N=2000) from 2007 to 2021 in both countries. The data were analyzed in a topic modeling mode l using the LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) algorithm.BR Results: 1) keywords that are highly related to school PE appeared in Korea, and health education in China. 2) The research topics of Korea were class, curriculum, teacher education, student athlete, model, and sports club. The research topics of China were school PE, EP teacher, curriculum, health education, reform, teaching & learning, and information communication technology (ICT). 3) The research topics in Korea were class, student athlete, sports clubs and the research topics in China were school PE, health education. ICT in China showed an increasing trend. However, both showed a downward trend in the subject of research on physical education teacher education.BR Conclusion: sport pedagogy research in both countries has strong commonalities in terms of curricula and teacher education. However, Korea shows different research themes in sports clubs, while China shows different research themes in health education and ICT. However, they all have important implications.

Testing the Vallerand’s Motivational Sequence in Physical Education: The Invariance of Teachers’ Motivation to Teach

The aims of this study were to test the Vallerand's motivational sequence model in physical education and to examine the invariance of the model across PE teachers’ motivation to teach. The study was conducted with 177 high school PE teachers and their 461 students. Motivation to Teach Scale was applied to PE teachers. “Highly intrinsically motivated” and “highly extrinsically motivated” teachers were determined based on the results obtained from this scale. Two highest intrinsically motivated teachers and three highest extrinsically motivated teachers were reached again and their students’ autonomy support, basic psychological needs satisfaction, situational motivation, subjective vitality, and concentration were assessed. Structural equation modelling and Ward invariant analysis were used for the data analysis. Results showed that the more teachers are intrinsically motivated for her profession, the more their students’ autonomy need satisfaction negatively explains their amotivation level in physical education. Perceived autonomy support is the trigger and autonomy need satisfaction is the most important variable in the whole motivational model. Thus, physical education teachers are recommended to create a lesson environment providing autonomy support and considering autonomy need satisfaction to increase students’ well-being.

TARGETing secondary school students’ motivation towards physical education: The role of student-perceived mastery climate teaching strategies

The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of TARGET-based teaching strategies on students' motivation in a Dutch secondary school PE context. We examined to what extent mastery climate teaching strategies perceived by students (independently or interactively) explain variability in students' motivation towards PE. In total 3,150 students (48.2% girls; 51.8% boys) with a mean age of 13.91 years (SD = 1.40) completed the Behavioural Regulations in Physical Education Questionnaire (BRPEQ), measuring students' autonomous motivation, controlled motivation and amotivation, and the Mastery Teaching Perception Questionnaire (MTP-Q), measuring student-perceived application of mastery TARGET teaching strategies. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that after controlling for gender, age, and educational type, the predictive effects of the perceived mastery climate teaching strategies differed by motivational outcome. Overall, students who reported higher levels of perceived application of mastery TARGET teaching strategies showed more autonomous motivation and less amotivation. Specifically, the teaching strategies within the task structure were the strongest predictors for students' autonomous motivation and amotivation. No meaningful statistically significant two-way interaction effects between any of the TARGET variables were found, supporting the proposition of an additive relationship between the TARGET teaching strategies.

Paradoxes in practices of inclusion in physical education.

The purpose of this paper was to explore how high school PE teachers create norms for inclusion based on gender as it intersected with ethnicity, ability, and effort.

The powerful, the powerless, and the empowered: Visualizations of power in high school and university through social network analysis

The investigation uses Popitz’s power theory (1992) to examine relationships among social power position, attractiveness, and verbal aggressiveness comparing social networks of high school and university students. 117 high school PE students and 195 university PE students participated in the research completing both a network and a joint non-network questionnaire. Visone 1.1 software was used for the processing of the network data and SPSS 26 was implemented for the non-network data. The results revealed in both settings that students demonstrating scientific/task attractiveness develop authoritative power/power of internalized control in their network and are protected from verbal aggressiveness and enforcement of instrumental power/power of externalized control. Social attractiveness enhances the development of authoritative power/power of internalized control in high school only. In this research, a type of powerful student is suggested who does not tend to concentrate power but rather to share power for empowering the powerless ones.

Research on Happy PE Teaching in Junior Middle School PE Teaching

Research on Happy PE Teaching in Junior Middle School PE Teaching

Deep Integration of Physical Education and Multimedia Technology Using Internet of Things Technology

With the in-depth development of the new curriculum reform, school PE is facing new challenges. How to implement the innovative development of school PE teaching and improve the teaching efficiency and quality of school PE has become one of the key research objects of the state and schools. This paper is aimed at exploring the development prospect of IoT in PE and actively promoting the deep integration of animal Internet technology and PE, so as to improve the teaching quality and efficiency of PE teachers. Based on the deep integration of IoT, multimedia technology, and PE, this paper puts forward the potential value of IoT based on physical exercise. This paper discusses the benefits of IoT on college students’ volleyball and table tennis skill learning. At the same time, the teaching mode is applied to the teaching of volleyball spiking and table tennis technology, and the teaching effect of the teaching mode is analyzed and evaluated. By using SPSS17.0 after sorting out the data and conducting independent sample t -test, the confidence interval is 95%. The experimental results show that the technical evaluation scores of the experimental class before the experiment are lower than those of the control class. After the table tennis teaching experiment, there are significant differences in physical learning interest, learning ability, and sports performance compared with those before the experiment.

Dialogue between pedagogical approaches of brazilian physical education and dance content in school context / Diálogo entre abordagens pedagógicas da educação física brasileira e conteúdos de dança no contexto escolar

The present PIBIC High School research, CNPq quota (2019/2020), aimed to analyze the influences of many pedagogical conceptions of Physical Education in Brazil, based on the investigation of theoretical assumptions, main themes, methodological and ideological contexts, identifying what sense and meaning dance content presents in school context. In this regard, we investigated the influences of PE’s multiple pedagogical conceptions in Brazil, based on the investigation of theoretical assumptions, main themes, methodological and ideological contexts, identifying what sense and meaning dance content presents in school context in each pedagogical approach. The necessity to research this theme comes from the constant concerns regarding the development of dance as an integral part of the contents that compose PE, because it is characterized as a knowledge, a cultural manifestation of unquestionable importance in school institution. According to the objectives’ specifications, this study consists in qualitative research, which methodological proposal for its accomplishment will be developed through the combination of a bibliographic research and a review of primary literatures. As result, we identified ten pedagogical approaches in Brazilian school PE divided into two large groups focusing on teaching methodology issue: non propositive and propositive conceptions (non-systematized and systematized). We concluded that the similarity between all PE’s approaches is the search of a scientific basis to understand its object of study and, analyzing how the main approaches of Brazilian school PE understand dance’s teaching (once between its contents), we identified that there is no agreement in the propositions regarding this content’s appliance.

COVID-19에 따른 체육교사의 인식 연구 : 고등학교 체육수업 중심으로

The purposes of this study were to explore how PE classes had changed due to the COVID -19 and to understand how the high school PE teachers perceived the PE classes. Seven high school PE teachers recruited and six students selected by the teachers were participated as the subjects. For the purpose of this study, in depth interviews were conducted and their experiences before and after the COVID-19 were explored.<BR> According to the interviews, class environments have changed in comparison to previous physical education classes due to online environments and quarantine guidelines of COVID-19 and it was shown that changed environments have had limiting effects on physical education classes, causing teachers to have difficulties operating proper physical education classes with diversity. In such conditions, teachers have used processes of overcoming difficulties as opportunities to increase physical education class expertise and they perceive this time to be an opportunity to further develop physical education for the future.

The transformative potential of trans*-inclusive PE: the experiences of PE teachers

ABSTRACT Transgender inclusion has become a prominent issue on the agendas of policy makers in education and sport in recent years. Despite this, teachers face continued challenges in providing inclusive experiences for transgender young people. This is particularly apparent in PE, which is a unique subject in its potential to perpetuate gender norms. There is a growing body of literature exploring LGBTQ+ issues in PE. However, there is a need to consider how trans* young people’s experiences may differ from their LGB counterparts. A small number of existing studies offer insight into the experiences of trans* youth in PE. However, comparatively little is known about the challenges faced by PE teachers in providing inclusive PE experiences for trans* young people. This paper presents a creative non-fiction monologue that reflects findings from seven interviews with secondary school PE teachers about their experiences of working with trans* young people. We draw on a ‘feminist-queer’ theoretical approach to examine the potential for PE pedagogies to reproduce, disrupt and transform binary gender discourse. Findings present three key themes: (1) teachers’ knowledge and understanding of trans* identities in PE; (2) trans* challenges to PE practice; and (3) moving towards trans*-inclusive PE. We conclude by arguing that the benefits of trans*-inclusive approaches to PE are far-reaching, and extend to all young people.

Gender Differences in Value Orientation of PE Teachers in Chinese Secondary Education

This study analyzed the performance of gender differences in value orientation of physical education teachers in junior and senior high schools. Researcher selected 16 middle school PE teachers(8 males and 8 females) in China under the premise of controlling the environment（all objects work in first-tier urbans）, education background (same degree and graduated from same university) and working years(3 years). Participants’ value orientation was assessed with the value orientation scale and individual interviews. The results illustrated that female teachers rated the self-actualization index and social responsibility index the highest, while male counterparts were more likely to orient teaching towards disciplinary mastery and learning process. Interview data further confirmed the assertion. Compared to females, male teachers were more masculine- and authoritative- oriented, more likely to be dominant in terms of skill acquisition and sports development based on students’ interests. However, female teachers were better at carry out teaching through praise, encouragement and patient communication. A systematic analysis of the gender difference in value orientation and underneath reasons leading to the difference is needed to enhance teaching and cultivate talents in physical education.

Review and prospect of the development of school sports ideology in China in modern times

This paper summarizes the related research of school physical education thought in China since modern times by means of literature research. This paper discusses and summarizes the historical experience and lessons of the development of school PE thought since modern times in China. This paper analyzes the historical background of the dominant thought of school physical education in different periods in China. It is helpful to clarify the law of long-term development of school physical education thought, and put forward better suggestions for the future school physical education work, promote the high quality development of school physical education teaching, and provide new basis for the innovation of school physical education theory.

Examining Physical Fitness and Training Strategies for Chinese Elite Canoe Slalom Players

Research showed that aerobic metabolism is one of the main energy supply for slalom athletes in training and competition (Jan Busta et al., 2018). To assist canoe slalom players improving their performance, it would be beneficial to examine the top canoe slalom athletes’ physical fitness status and their training protocols. By comparing the difference of the fitness status and training protocols, we may develop an optimal training protocol to improve the athletes’ physical fitness and their performance. In this study, the world top athletes and Chinese elite players’ fitness status was compared. The goal was to help Chinese players to reach the top level in world competitions. Fifteen elite canoe slalom players were recruited from the Chinese national team (age: 21 ± 2 years; 3 female and 12 male elite athletes). The fitness tests included bench push and bench pull for maximum strength (1RM) and endurance strength (40% 1RM for 120 seconds). 300-meter speed race in flat water was used as a comparison indicator of athlete's basic paddling speed ability, owing to the courses of slalom races differ. The physiology tests were VO2max, heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (BLA). All the data were collected during the winter training session in 2016. The HSIRB approved the data collection procedures. Descriptive statistics were calculated and analyzed using SPSS 25. The comparisons were made between Chinese elite athletes and world top athletes. For the VO2max/kg, the results showed that the Chinese elite canoe slalom female players (50.8 ± 2.19 ml/kg/min) fell 0.68 standard deviation (SD) lower than the world top level while males (56.03 ± 2.95ml/kg/min) fell 0.70SD lower. The maximum strength of bench push were 96 ± 4.1kg (female)and 125 ± 15.3kg (male). The bench pull were 81 ± 1.4kg (female) and 110 ± 5.8kg (male). The endurance strength repetition results of bench push were 91.3 ± 14.3 (female) and 80.8 ± 7.2 (male), the bench pull were 87 ± 6.7 (female) and 83.3 ± 7.6 (male). The result of 300-meter speed race in flat water showed that the Chinese male kayakers (100.1 ± 0.3s) was significantly slower than international male kayakers (88.1 ± 7.7s) (t = 1.56, p = 0.0594). Chinese male kayakers’ heart rate (170 ± 3 bpm, tested immediately) was slower and lactic acid level (15.4 ± 1.4 mmol/L, tested 3 minutes after) was higher, comparing with the world top kayakers. Chinese elite players’ aerobic metabolism, strength and speed statistically fell behind of world top players in canoe slalom. In order to be competitive at the world top level race (e.g., 202 Tokyo Olympics), the Chinese elite canoe slalom players may need to add more proportion of aerobic training, endurance strength and speed training.This study analyzed the performance of gender differences in value orientation of physical education teachers in junior and senior high schools. Researcher selected 16 middle school PE teachers(8 males and 8 females) in China under the premise of controlling the environment（all objects work in first-tier urbans）, education background (same degree and graduated from same university) and working years (3 years). Participants’ value orientation was assessed with the value orientation scale and individual interviews. The results illustrated that female teachers rated the self-actualization index and social responsibility index the highest, while male counterparts were more likely to orient teaching towards disciplinary mastery and learning process. Interview data further confirmed the assertion. Compared to females, male teachers were more masculine- and authoritative- oriented, more likely to be dominant in terms of skill acquisition and sports development based on students’ interests. However, female teachers were better at carry out teaching through praise, encouragement and patient communication. A systematic analysis of the gender difference in value orientation and underneath reasons leading to the difference is needed to enhance teaching and cultivate talents in physical education.

Research on Innovation of Junior Middle School PE Teaching Mode Based on WeChat Platform

Research on Innovation of Junior Middle School PE Teaching Mode Based on WeChat Platform

The best of both worlds? The impact of the initial teacher education physical education specialism programme on generalist teachers’ self-efficacy, beliefs, and practices

ABSTRACT This research investigated the self-efficacy, beliefs, and practices of generalist primary school teachers who undertook the Bachelor of Education with a specialism in PE between 2016 and 2019. Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey, and 80 valid responses were received. The findings suggest self-efficacy is high among these teachers, scoring 4.14 (±0.38 on a 5-point Likert scale). Results also indicated that the specialism positively developed content knowledge and teaching skills among this cohort. However, it was unclear if these teachers were being utilised effectively upon graduation to enhance the provision of PE in Irish primary schools.

ACSM's Health &amp; Fitness Journal® Turns 25

ACSM's Health &amp; Fitness Journal® Turns 25

Discussion on the Application Effect of Happy PE Concept in Primary School PE Teaching

The new curriculum standard points out that the ultimate goal of physical education is to guide students to establish a correct concept of lifelong physical education and promote students to extend physical exercise to practical life. In order to achieve the above goals, we must first enrich students' happy experience, so as to enhance students' inner motivation for physical education. For primary school students, they are in a critical period of life-long sports concept formation, which requires teachers must set up the happy physical education concept, make happy sports idea penetrated into each teaching link to rich students' happy experience, at the same time, also can optimize the elementary school sports teaching system and achieve the best teaching effect.

The Effectiveness of Teaching Kids Athletics Program for Young Children in the Content of Physical Education Curricula in Sultanate of Oman from the point of view of Physical Education Teachers

This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of teaching the athletics program for young children (Kids Athletics) in the content of school PE curricula for grades (1-4) in the Sultanate of Oman from the point of view of PE teachers. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers used the descriptive approach by applying a questionnaire to measure the effectiveness of teaching the athletics program for young children on a sample of (378) male and female teachers for grades (1-4) in different educational governorates. The study found that the degree of effectiveness of teaching the athletics program for young children (Kids Athletics) from the teachers’ point of view is very large, reaching (4.30) and that the degree of teachers’ awareness of the program is very large, reaching (4.20), and the responses of the sample members about the availability of program implementation requirements reached (3.81), and there were no statistical differences at the level of significance (α = 0.05) between the arithmetic averages of teachers' responses to the effectiveness of teaching the program and teachers' awareness about the program according to academic qualifications and years of experience for teachers due to the variables of academic qualifications and years of experience for teachers. In light of the results of the study, the researchers recommend the importance of including the athletics program for youngsters (Kids Athletics) in the curricula of the fifth and sixth grades of the school PE subject due to its importance and contribution to achieving the objectives of the subject and developing motor abilities, and the need to continue in the qualifying and training programs to develop the capabilities of PE teachers in teaching the program and to ensure that schools are equipped with the necessary equipment to teach the suggested program, and provide the requirements for its implementation within the academic units of the curriculum.

Physical Education Teachers’ Demographic Characteristics and their Pedagogical Skill Preferences and Competences in Teaching Physical Education in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana

The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between PE teachers’ demographic characteristics and their pedagogical skill preferences and competences in teaching PE in public senior high schools in Kumasi metropolis, Ghana. The study employed convergent parallel mixed-method design where both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analyzed, compared, related discussed and interpreted simultaneously. The study used Yamane's sample size determination formula to obtain a sample size of 393 participants who were selected from 5 schools using purposive and simple random sampling techniques. It included 372 SHS 3 students, 16 PE teachers and 5 SHS heads. The study adopted interview, questionnaires, Duration Recording (ALT-PE Instrument), Observation and review of documents as data collection instruments. Data collected were analyzed using Rate per minute, chi-square, frequency, mean and standard deviation. It was found that equipment, facilities, teachers’ pedagogical skills their demographic characteristics have significant influence on students’ skill acquisition. The study concluded that teachers’ demographic characteristics such as gender, age, work experience; number of years in teaching PE, academic qualification and the institutions teachers attended influence their pedagogical skill preferences and competencies in teaching PE. It was recommended that the identified academic inadequacies in the schools have to be resolved through adequate resourcing, infrastructure, teacher competency and preferences. Keywords: Pedagogical kills, Demographic Characteristics, Preferences, competency, senior high school, Duration, Recording, academic, Learning, Time, Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana.

METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING TECHNIQUES OF ACROBATIC EXERCISES

The article discusses the benefits of teaching children basic acrobatic exercises. Different ways of engaging schoolchildren in acrobatics are presented with solid examples and rules. Also, this article provides effective and practical methods of instructing acrobatic activities at school. Along with this, the article supplies primary school PE instructors with an engaging acrobatic movements as well as games for schoolchildren who are in beginner level of doing acrobatics.