PE Goats Research Articles

Korelasi ukuran badan, volume ambing dan produksi susu kambing Peranakan Etawah (PE) di Kecamatan Turi Kabupaten Sleman Yogyakarta

<p>The outer performance can be used for livestock selection. Body size and udder can be used to assess livestock productivity. This study aimed to determine the correlation between body size (body length, shoulder height and chest size), udder volume and milk production. The material used were 35 lactation PE goats in the lactation period of II-III and lactation month of 4-5. The analysis used was simple linear correlation regression and non-linear quadratic. The results showed that milk production and udder volume did not increase during the increasing of body length. Shoulder height with udder volume and milk production have unreal correlation. The overall calculation shows that there is no relationship between chest size, udder volume and milk production in livestock. The udder volume with milk production shows a strong correlation. In conclusion, there is no relationship between body length, shoulder height and chest size with udder volume and milk production. The correlation between udder volume and milk production is more udder volume, more milk can be produced.</p>

Milk Production in the First Lactation and Its Correlation with Mammary Gland Size of Etawah Grade Goat in BBPTU-HPT Baturraden, Indonesia

This study was conducted to determine relationship of the mammary glands size with milk production during the first lactation of Etawah Crossbreed/Peranakan Etawah (PE) goats at the Balai Besar Pembibitan Ternak Unggul Hijauan Pakan Ternak (BBPTU-HPT) Baturraden, Indonesia. The study used 41 first lactating PE goats. Variables in this study were taken by observation and measured of mammary glands. Data during the study which were taken included length, width, and circumference of udder, length, circumference, and distance between of teat, length and index of the mammary gland. Mammary gland index was calculated from the ratio between the length and circumference of the udder. Milk production was measured and recorded since the first day of lactation until day 91th. Data size of the mammary gland calculated the average and standard deviation. The data is then statistically analyzed regression. The results showed that milk production had a positive correlation with the circumference and length of the udder. Udder circumference correlation value to the milk production of 30.2%, while the length of the udder to the milk production of 22.3%. It was concluded that the production of goat's milk in the first lactation Etawah grade goat in BBPTU-HPT Baturraden correlated with the length and circumference of the udders but little correlation value.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROGESTERONE HORMONE OR PGF2α AND hCG APPLICATION TO INCREASE REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY OF POSTPARTUM OF ANESTRUS PE GOATS

This study aimed to improve reproductive condition of postpartum anestrus of Etawa crossbreed (PE) goats using PGF2α hormone or progesterone (controlled internal drug release/CIDR-G) and improve pregnancy success from artificial insemination (AI) with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) hormone administration. Administration of progesterone increased estrus by 100%, which was higher than the 70% produced from prostaglandin F2 alfa (PGF2α) administration. Estrus onset in CIDR group (35.80±13.33 hours) was faster than PGF2α group (45.6±9.2 hours). Clinical signs of vulva (redness and swollen) were more intense in CIDR-G group (80% and 70%, respectively) compared to PGF2α group (70% and 57%, respectively). Estrus duration in PGF2α group (52.17±3.34 hours) was longer than CIDR-G group (49.61±3.56 hours). Pregnancy success in group given hCG was 66.7% while in non-hCG group was 50%. In conclusion, CIDR-G and PGF2α administration is effective to induce estrus of postpartum anestrus PE goats. Administration of hCG at the onset of estrus is effective to improve pregnancy success.

Respon fisiologis dan hematologis Kambing peranakan Etawah terhadap cekaman panas

PE goat is a small ruminant crossed between Etawah goat and bean goat, which introduced in Manokwari since 2007. Livestock can well produce depend on environment comfortable temperature in the area of tropical temperature on the day is radiated in high sun light. If the goat is expose to the blazing sun, it supposed experiencing heat stress and caused to the physiological and haematological condition. The aim of this study is to know the physiological and haematological response of PE goat to heat stress. This design of research used is Split Plot (RPT). 8 goats will be a sample which devide in two groups, of unexposed groups and Groups exposed to sunlight. Each group consists of young males, young female, adult male, adult female. The variables observed included physiological aspects (heart rate, rectal temperature, respiratory rate) and haematological aspects (hemoglobin level, hematocrit value, erythrocyte count, leukocyte count). The results showed that interaction between goats and heat stress status did not influence physiological aspect variable (heart rate, rectal temperature, respiratory rate), but very significant effect on some hematological aspect variable such as hemoglobin and erythrocytes. The status of livestock has a very significant effect on some physiological aspect variable such as rectal temperature, respiratory rate) and hematological aspect variable ie hemoglobin, hematocrit and erythrocytesTreatment of heat stress has a very significant effect on the physiological aspects of variables such as heart rate, rectal temperature and respiration whereas on hematologic aspect variable have significant effect on hemoglobin level, very significant effect on hematocrit value and erythrocyte level.

FAKTOR PENENTU INEFISIENSI TEKNIS PADA USAHA TERNAK KAMBING PERANAKAN ETTAWA

The study was conducted with the aim to find out the determinants of technical inefficiency in PE goat livestock farming. The study was conducted using case study on As-Salam Agribusiness Group in Sirnagalih Village, Indihiang Sub-district, Tasikmalaya City. Group members of 26 peoples were taken entirely as samples or conducted by census. The data obtained were analyzed by using multiple regression equation where parameter estimation was done by using SPSS 16. The results showed that the determinants of technical inefficiency in PE goat livestock farming were age, education, number of livestock ownership, family size and credit.

Article Tools Print this article Indexing metadata How to cite item Email this article Email the author About The Authors Tri Eko Susilorini Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Brawijaya Indonesia Kuswati Kuswati Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Brawijaya Indonesia Sucik Maylinda Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University

Although Etawah Crossbred (PE) goat is considered to be dual purpose (meat and milk) goat, it is mainly raised for meat production. Since early 1990, there has been a growing interest of the farmer in some places to raise PE goat for milk production without sacrificing its role to produce kids for meat. Although milk yield of PE goat was not as high as milk yield of some other dairy goats, the ability of PE goat to cope with harsh local environment, particularly climate and feed conditions, was an advantage. Therefore, raising PE goat would still be an important part of farmer activities in the rural areas in Indonesia. Identification of the genes underlying livestock production traits leads to more efficient breeding programs and it is a promising way to improve production traits of farm animals. Growth hormone is a polypeptide hormone which is the major regulator of the metabolic procedures of growth and development and it is encoded by GH gene. The objective of this study was to detect the genetic polymorphism of GH gene in major Etawah Crossbred (PE) goat using PCR-RFLP. The PCR amplified fragment were digested with Hae III endonuclease and the result showed the presence of two genotype CC and CD. The total frequency were 47.0% and 53.0% for CC and CD genotype respectively in 94 tested goats. Statistical analysis showed that in the fragment amplified by the pair of primer, CD genotype had significant higher birth weight and weight of 100 days old (weaning weight) than CC genotype (P<0.01). In conclusion that GH gene may be a mayor gene or linked to the mayor gene to affect the weight traits and the polymorphic site could be used to select the goat weight in marker-assisted selection program.

ANALISIS EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHA TERNAK KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWA (Studi Kasus di Kelompok Agribisnis As-Salam Kota Tasikmalaya)

The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) The factors that affect the production of PE goats in Agribusiness Farmers Group As-Salam, and (2) The level of technical efficiency is achieved on PE goat raising in Agribusiness Farmers Group As-Salam. The research was conducted by using a case study on agribusiness farmer group As-Salam consisting of 26 people and all of them were taken as a sample or census conducted. Factors that affect the production of milk goats and technical efficiency levels achieved on PE goat raising in Agribusiness Farmers Group As-Salam analyzed using stochastic frontier production function where the parameter estimation is done using software Front41. The results showed: (1) The factors that affect the production of milk PE goats in Agribusiness Farmers Group As-Salam is the number of livestock ownership, labor, feed concentrates and drugs. While forage no significant effect on PE goat milk production, and (2) The level of technical efficiency is achieved on PE goat raising in Agribusiness Farmers Group As-Salam ranged from 39.78% to 99.04% with an average of 77.46%. Farmers who achieve technical efficiency above 70% as many as 17 people, while achieving technical efficiency below or equal to 70% as many as 9 peoples.

Pengaruh Perbedaan Ketinggian Tempat Terhadap Capaian Hasil Inseminasi Buatan Pada Kambing Peranakan Ettawa

&lt;p&gt;This study was conducted to assess the reproductive performance and achievements of AI in goat reared in lowland and highland areas. The study used a survey method in two rural areas with the highest goat population. For lowland areas selected Karangwuni village while highland areas was Sidomulyo village. The results showed that for the lowland areas vs. the highland for reproductive performance were as follows: age of first estrus (10 vs 9.3 bl), age of first mating (13.2 vs 12.5 bl),&lt;br /&gt;mating system 100% natural, post partum mating (4.2 vs 4.6 months), S / C (1.5 vs. 1.6). Understanding of farmers about the pregnant female: anestrus post-AI (85.7 vs. 22.2%), stomach down (14.3 vs. 0.00), the condition of the udder (0.00 vs 77.8%). Achievement results of AI (37.5 vs. 40%). Based on the results of the study concluded that the reproductive performance of goat in lowland areas was generally very similar to the highland areas, thus the development of large-scale goats in the lowland areas is recommended.&lt;br /&gt;Key words: natural mating, artificial insemination, PE goats, lowland, highland&lt;/p&gt;

Pengaruh Perbedaan Ketinggian Tempat Terhadap Capaian Hasil Inseminasi Buatan Pada Kambing Peranakan Ettawa

&lt;p&gt;This study was conducted to assess the reproductive performance and achievements of AI in goat reared in lowland and highland areas. The study used a survey method in two rural areas with the highest goat population. For lowland areas selected Karangwuni village while highland areas was Sidomulyo village. The results showed that for the lowland areas vs. the highland for reproductive performance were as follows: age of first estrus (10 vs 9.3 bl), age of first mating (13.2 vs 12.5 bl),&lt;br /&gt;mating system 100% natural, post partum mating (4.2 vs 4.6 months), S / C (1.5 vs. 1.6). Understanding of farmers about the pregnant female: anestrus post-AI (85.7 vs. 22.2%), stomach down (14.3 vs. 0.00), the condition of the udder (0.00 vs 77.8%). Achievement results of AI (37.5 vs. 40%). Based on the results of the study concluded that the reproductive performance of goat in lowland areas was generally very similar to the highland areas, thus the development of large-scale goats in the lowland areas is recommended.&lt;br /&gt;Key words: natural mating, artificial insemination, PE goats, lowland, highland&lt;/p&gt;

DAYA HIDUP SPERMATOZOA KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWA YANG DIPRESERVASI DENGAN BERBAGAI JENIS PENGENCER

The purpose of this research was to examine the effectivity of Tris, sodium citrate, and lactose extenders in maintaining viability of etawa crossbreed (EC) goat spermatozoa preserved at 3–5oC. Semen was collected using artificial vagina once a week for six times as replicate. Fresh semen was divided into three tubes then diluted with Tris, sodium citrate, and lactose extenders, respectively. Diluted-semen were stored in refrigerator at 3–5oC. Quality of diluted-semen including percentages of motile spermatozoa (MS) and live spermatozoa (LS) were evaluated every day during storage at 3–5oC for four days. Data were analyzed using completely randomized design with three treatments and six replicates. Results of this study showed that mean volume, colour, consistency, pH, mass activity, spermatozoa concentration, MS, LS, and spermatozoa abnormal of PE goat fresh semen were 1.05 ml, cream, thick, 6.9, ++ – +++, 3,756.67 million cell/ml, 76.67%, 85.83%, and 4.5%, respectively. Tris, sodium citrate, and lactose extenders have same ability in maintaining viability of EC goat spermatozoa during preserved at 3–5oC. At day-4 storage, percentages of MS and LS for Tris (44.17 and 57.83%) was no difference significant with sodium citrate (43.33 and 56.67%), and lactose (43.33 and 54.17%). In conclusion, Tris, sodium citrate, and lactose extenders have same ability in maintaining viability of EC goat spermatozoa during preserved at 3–5oC. Tris, sodium citrate, and lactose extenders could be maintaining 40% in percentage of motile spermatozoa for three days after preserved at 3–5oC, and suitable for use in artificial insemination (AI) programKeywords: Tris, sodium citrate, lactose, spermatozoa viability, PE goat.

PERBANDINGAN KINERJA BERAHI KAMBING KACANG DAN KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWAH (PE) YANG MENGALAMI INDUKSI BERAHI DENGAN PGF2 ALFA (Comparison of Estrous Performance between Kacang and PE Goats Following Estrous Induction with PGF2 Alpha)

The experiment was conducted to compare estrous performance between kacang and PE goats after estrous inducted with PGF2 alpha (PGF2α). Fifteen female goats were used in this study and divided into two groups. Characteristics of goat used are clinically healthy, never giving birth, 1,5-3,0 years of age, and have undergone at least two times the regular cycle. Group I (KI) consisted of 10 kacang goats and group II (KII) consisted of 5 PE goats. All goats in both groups were estrous synchronized with 1 ml PGF2a intramuscularly. Estrous observation was done visually three times a day at 8 a.m., 12 p.m., and 4 p.m. Assessment of estrous intensity based on scoring method. The data of intensity and onset were analyzed by Mann Whitney test and estrous duration analyzed by t test. The result showed that intensity, onset, and duration of estrous in KI vs KII were 2.47±0.21 vs 2.25±0.00, 38.20±2.39 vs 84.40±8.53 hours, and 40.40±2.27 vs 46.40±4.56 hours respectively. It concluded that there was different estrous performance between kacang and PE goats following estrous synchronized with PGF2α.

ENGARUH PEMBERIAN KULIT KOPI TERFERMENTASI DAN LEGUMINOSA UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWAH

&lt;div data-canvas-width="788.5183333333333"&gt;Waste coffee planthas the potential to be used as abooster feed for livestock. Coffee fruit waste composition physically&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div data-canvas-width="802.6816666666667"&gt;quite largeat around 48% on coffee pulp. Research was conducted to examine the effect on the growth of Etawah Crossbred&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div data-canvas-width="802.7"&gt;Goat (PE) after the treatment of fermented coffee waste as the substitution for leguminous (gamal and kaliandra). Twelve&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div data-canvas-width="802.6816666666665"&gt;5-6 months old male PE goats were involved with 20 kg early weight average. Three groups of feeding treatment were&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div data-canvas-width="802.6883333333332"&gt;considered: Treatment P1 = 100% leguminous (gamal and kaliandra in ratio 1:1); Treatment P2 = 70% leguminous&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div data-canvas-width="802.7016666666666"&gt;(gamal and kaliandra in ratio 1:1) + 30% fermented coffee Pulp; Treatment P3 = 40% leguminous (gamal and kaliandra&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div data-canvas-width="802.7049999999998"&gt;in ratio 1:1) + 60% fermented coffee Pulp. Result of research indicated that the average increase of daily body weight&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div data-canvas-width="802.6700000000003"&gt;of PE goat in the Treatment P1 (88.93 grams/goat/day) and P2 (100.00 grams/goat/day) was not obviously different (P&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div data-canvas-width="802.65"&gt;&amp;gt; 0.05), but both were obviously different (P &amp;lt; 0.05) from P3 (71.79 grams/goat/day). Treatment P3 showed the lowest&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div data-canvas-width="802.6433333333331"&gt;level of the consumption of DM, OM and the lowest level of gross energy, and had obvious difference (P &amp;lt; 0.05) from&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div data-canvas-width="802.6483333333332"&gt;P1 and P2. Meanwhile, P1 and P2 were not obviously different (P &amp;gt; 0.05). From these results, it was concluded that the&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div data-canvas-width="802.6799999999998"&gt;treatment of fermented coffee Pulp by 30 % and of leguminous (gamal and kaliandra) by 70 % (at P2) were giving the&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div data-canvas-width="573.0833333333331"&gt;best growth for PE goat. Indeed, P2 also displayed the most efficient food conversion.&lt;/div&gt;

Isolasi and Identification of Bacteria from the Urine Fluid Organic Fertilizer (POC)Ettawa Crossbred (PE) in The Sleman Regency

Urine is a by product from Ettawa crossbred (PE) goat farm in Sleman regency. In addition, the manure urine goats can be used for fluid organic fertilizer (POC). Recently, organic farming is more interesting for people because it does not use any chemical fertilizers. Salmonella sp and E. coli O157:H7 are pathogenic bacteria that can contaminate agricultural products and dangerous for public health. One of sources of contamination in agricultural products is due to the organic fertilizer. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine pathogenic bacteria from POC urine PE goats in Sleman regency. A total of 8 POC samples were collected from PE goat urine in Sleman regency. These samples were analyzed for Salmonella sp, E. coli O157:H7 and other pathogenic bacteria by using biochemical reactions. All samples are negative for Salmonella sp. and E. coli O157:H7 as well. Whereas, 85% of 8 samples are positive for Pseudomonas sp. The present study showed that POC from PE goats farm in Sleman regency are negative for pathogenic bacteria.

Pengaruh Pemberian Kalium Yodida terhadap Bobot Kelenjar Tiroid, Pertambahan Bobot Badan dan Suhu Rektal Kambing Peranakan Etawah Lepas Sapih

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of kalium iodide (KI) administration to tyroid gland weight, and body weight gain, and rectal temperature of postweaning PE goat. Nine postweaning PE goat alloted into three treatments : P0 (control), P1 (0.1 ml KI), and P2 (0.2 ml KI), KI administered twice a week. Variables observed were tyroid gland weight, final body weight and rectal temperature. Data analized by ANOVA using GLM procedure of SPSS. The weight of tyroid gland of P0, P1, P2 were 2.0988 mg, 1,5650 mg, and 2.0088 mg respectively. The treatment affected (P&lt;0.05) bodyweight gain without change of rectal temperature (P&gt;0.05). Inconclusion, 0.1 ml KI adminitration twice a week increased body weight gain, lighter tyroid gland weight without effect to rectal temperature.

Molasses protected palm kernel cake as source of protein for young male Ettawah Grade goats.

Palm kernel cake has a relatively high protein content, however its degradability in the rumen is high resulting in loosing its function as protein source for ruminant. This experiment was aimed toinvestigate the effect of feeding molasses protected palm kernel cake (BIS-M) on growth of young male Ettawah Grade (Peranakan Etawah = PE) goat. Twenty four (24) PE goats were divided into 4 groups and allocated to respective feeding BIS-M treatments. The treatments were R0 = control (without BIS-M), R1 = 15% BIS-M, R2 = 30% BIS-M and R3 = 45% BIS-M. The concentrate was fed at 400 gh -1 d -1 for each individual in all treatment groups, while napier grass ( Pennisetum purpureum ) was offered ad libitum. The live weight of the goats were between 17-18 kg at the beginning of experiment. Feeding trial was carried out for 14 weeks consisting of 2 weeks for preliminary and 12 weeks for growth performance period. The digestibility study of the nutrient was carried out during the last 7 days of the experiment. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 6 replications. Drinking water was available at any time. Feed intake was recorded daily while the body weight was recorded every 2 weeks. The parameters of observation were feed intake, live weight gain, nutrient digestibility and feed conversion ratio. The results indicated that the dietary treatments affected the intake and digestibility of nutrients, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). The total feed dry matter intakes were 599,30; 620,74; 690,19 and 740,04 gh -1 d -1 with DM and Protein digestibility of 64.74 and 75.99; 67.47 and 73.05; 70.06 and 73.02; and 72.88 and 72.25% respectively for R0, R1, R2 and R3. The ADG were 42.06; 52.78; 61.90 and 70.24 g; with feed conversion ratio of 14.68; 10.51; 9.08; and 9.85 for R0, R1, R2 and R3. It was concluded that BIS-M can be used as source of protein with optimal utilization level at 30% of the concentrate. Key W ords: Palm Kernel Cake, Molasses, Ettawah Grade goats, Performance

Penggunaan Somatik Cell Count (SCC), Jumlah Bakteri dan California Mastitis Test (CMT) untuk Deteksi Mastitis pada Kambing

This study aimed to determine the use of the number of somatic cell and of bacteria in milk and California Mastitis Test for the detection of mastitis in PE goat. 425 samples of milk from PE goats are kept in individual cages and milked twice daily study used in this study. Before milking, goat udder was cleaned and greased with antiseptic (alcohol 70%) to kill bacteria that living on the teats and goat udders. SCC was observed in the stable, while milking. the number of somatic cells and of bacteria of milk samples of 150 ml took into the cool-flask, and laboratory analysis was done. The results showed that there releathionship between somatic cell count, the number of bacteria and california mastitis milk tets in the detection of mastitis in PE goats. The average SCC of PE goats was 288.1 x 103 cells / ml with a range between 28.0 x 103 cells to 1991.7 x 103 cells / ml. The average number of bacteria in the milk of this study wss 537.9 x 103 cells / ml with a range between 66.5 x 103 and 2201 x 103 cells / ml milk. The average number of bacteria in the milk of this study was 537.9 x 103 cells / ml with a range between 66.5 x 103 and 2201 x 103 cells / ml milk. And the average score of CMT research was 2.34. In conclusion, the use of somatic cell counts, bacterial counts and California mastitis test in goat milk can be used for the detection of mastitis in P E goats.

Pengaruh Jarak Waktu Pemberian Pakan Konsentrat dan Hijauan Terhadap Produktivitas Kambing Peranakan Etawah Lepas Sapih

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of concentrate feeding method and forage on PE male goat productivity. Research was conducted from October-December 2006 in Satuan Kerja Pembibitan Ternak Dinas Sumber Rejo, Kendal Regency. Research used 12 heads of post weaning PE goat with initial body weight of 16.56 ± 2.64 kg. Research used completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were (A) goat given concentrate together with forage; (B) goat given concentrate and 2 hours afterward given forage; (C) goat given concentrate and 4 hours afterward given forage. Ratio consisting of concentrate and field grass was given twice a day, in the morning and afternoon. Drinking water was given ad libitum. Variable measured were dry matter (DM) consumption, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion. Result of the research showed that DM consumption, ADG and feed conversion in every treatment shown no significance (P &gt;0.05) statistically. However, treatment B tended to have higher ADG and lower feed conversion quantitatively. Treatments A, B and C in succession showed ration consumption of 698.01; 735.20 and 727.81 g/head/day; ADG of 44.08; 46.28 and 43.31 g/head/day, and feed convertiont 15.84; 15.89 and 16.81.