PC Compatible Computer Research Articles

A Comparative Study on Consumer Preference and Satisfaction with Special Reference to the Usage of DELL and HP Laptops in Chennai City

Today technology has brought the world in own hands human being very much to the complicated work in to easier. Gradually the invention and discoveries are made from time to time has head us to a comfortable world. One such significant is the laptop. The objective of the study is to know access the cost and performance of HP laptop and evaluate satisfaction level of the customers towards HP laptop. The sample size of the study was conducted in Chennai city. Majority of the members use the laptop for studies. Majority of the respondents’ awareness are through friends & relatives. Majority of the respondents are aware of the hardware configuration in laptop computers. Michael Dell founded Dell computer corporation, PCs limited, in 1984 while a student at the University of Texas at Austin. Operating from Michael Dell’s off- campus dormitory room at Dobie Centre, the startup aimed to sell IBM PC-compatible computers built from stock components. Laptop once considered a luxury has now become an important gadget in the present era of technology rich world.

DiffMap: A new free computer program to process scanned electron diffraction patterns

AbstractA free computer program, called DiffMap, is presented for off-line evaluation of both phase maps and orientation maps from a large number of diffraction patterns recorded with a nearly parallel nano-beam scanned line-by-line over a rectangular area in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The program runs in the Windows operating system on IBM PC compatible computers. The patterns, which are recorded independently from this program by a CCD or CMOS camera or by a pixelated camera are in Tif format, serve as input to DiffMap. Many STEMs can collect such a four-dimensional electron diffraction (4D-ED) data sets by proper selection of microscope parameters, even if this fact is not over-emphasized in the operating manuals. These phase and orientation maps can complement usual compositional maps collected in the same STEM with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometers (EDS) to give a complete description of the crystalline phases. Application is exemplified on the (fcc, hcp and bcc) phases in a sample with 4 major components (Co, Cr, Fe, Ni).

The Ventura Story

Ventura Publisher was the first desktop publishing software package to run on IBM PC compatible computers. Developed in the mid-1980s, Ventura was also the first desktop publishing application to incorporate features such as style sheets and automatic page layouts, allowing for long document formatting. This paper provides an autobiographical sketch of Lee Lorenzen, one of the founders of Ventura Software and developers of Ventura Publisher. Lorenzen outlines his early career in software and the founding story of Ventura Software and their innovative application. He also describes the early competitive landscape in desktop publishing software, including Aldus PageMaker, and then contrasts it with the key long document publishing features of Ventura Publisher such as style sheets, fast hyphenation and justification, automated layout algorithms, and database publishing.

Graphic interface for numerical commands on the USB port of PC compatible computers

Computers are increasingly used in the present technological processes. Several numerical input/ output electronic modules were designed and made to support computer automated technological process in the wood industry. This paper presents the software for these modules, built in the Delphi language and aimed to obtain numerical commands by using the USB port of a computer. As modern computers are no longer provided with parallel ports, a K8055 USB Experiment Interface Board manufactured by VELLEMAN was used. The board includes a PIC16C745-IP microcontroller, which enables communication via specific software.

Development of a hidden explosives security check instrument based on associated particles technique

In response to the growing terrorist activities, a security check instrument for explosives detection based on associated particles technique (APT)/neutron time of flight(TOF) has been developed. This paper describes the instruments working principle and the development of his process. The instrument can be remotely controlled from any PC-compatible computer. Inside is an APT neutron generator with a 33 matrix of semiconductor detectors of associated alpha-particles, the shielding protection system of neutron and gamma-ray, support platform, arrayed NaI(Tl)-based detectors of gamma-rays, fully-digital data acquisition electronics, data analysis and decision-making software, and transmission device. The common explosives and chemical warfare agents were detected by security check instrument. Results show that the instrument can meet the needs of practical application. The instrument is mainly used to detect explosives in luggage at check routeway, and it can also be trained to detect other hazardous materials, such as chemical/toxic/drug materials, if their chemical composition is in any way different from that of the surrounding materials.

A computational approach to analyze unbalancing in rotational systems

Rotational systems are widely used in industrial application and its monitoring can improve production and decrease stop times of machines, for example. In industry these kind of problem is, in general, solved using a vibration meter and a phase meter in order to obtain the necessary data to correct the rotor unbalancing. This work presents the development of a computational application, using LabVIEW, for improving the measure of unbalancing in a rotational system. The application developed in this work proposes that the phase and vibration be digitally measured. The idea is to use a piezoelectric accelerometer to measure vibration intensity and an inductive sensor to replace the phase meter. An algorithm to calculate phase angle is also described. With the application developed we can replace a vibrometer by a PC compatible computer that can calculate the unbalancing of a rotor too. In order to evaluate the results a test bench composed by a DC motor (1585 rpm and 0.19 HP) coupled to a shaft made of steel with a rotor on it, were assembled. In the test bench we simulated an unbalancing rotor and use the application to calculate the balancing mass and its phase angle. Preliminaries results shown a good agreement between the real mass and phase angle and the one calculated by the application. Key words: Rotational systems, unbalancing, LabVIEW, instrumentation.

Real-Time Reconstruction of Moving Objects in an Electrical Capacitance Tomography System Using Inter-Frame Correlation

In this paper, two new electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) algorithms for real-time reconstruction of a sequence of images of moving objects passing through a given two-dimensional section of electrical electrodes are presented. They both explore the inter-frame correlation that usually exists between consecutive frames and use this information as an additional constraint during the reconstruction of the actual frame in solving both its forward and inverse problems. In addition, contrary to the Kalman filter-based tomography technique, both suggested methods maintain the intrinsic non-linearity property of the inverse and forward problems. The proposed algorithms were tested using both synthetic and real ECT data for some moving objects and by adding up to 7% of noise in the values of capacitances. The corresponding experimental results demonstrate that the use of inter-frame correlation for ECT image reconstruction can lead to a significant improvement in image quality, execution time, and stability. Hence, a processing time of up to 175 frames/s was achieved on a single processor PC compatible computer. This interesting performance would be even higher if a dedicated parallel hardware architecture implements some intrinsically parallelizable, though time consuming, subroutines required by the proposed methods, such as matrix multiplication and matrix inversion, is used.

Distinct neural ensembles in the rat gustatory cortex encode salt and water tastes

The gustatory cortex (GC) is important for perceiving the intensity of tastants but it remains unclear as to how single neurons in the region carry out this function. Previous studies have shown that taste-evoked activity from single neurons in GC can be correlated or anticorrelated with tastant concentration, yet whether one or both neural responses signal intensity is poorly characterized because animals from these studies were not trained to report the intensity of the concentration that they tasted. To address this issue, we designed a two-alternative forced choice (2-AFC) task in which freely licking rats distinguished among concentrations of NaCl and recorded from ensembles of neurons in the GC. We identified three neural ensembles that rapidly (<300 ms or ∼2 licks) processed NaCl concentration. For two ensembles, their NaCl evoked activity was anticorrelated with NaCl concentration but could be further distinguished by their response to water; in one ensemble, water evoked the greatest response while in the other ensemble the lowest tested NaCl concentration evoked the greatest response. However, the concentration sensitive activity from each of these ensembles did not show a strong association with the behaviour of the rat in the 2-AFC task, suggesting a lesser role for signalling tastant intensity. Conversely, for a third neural ensemble, its neural activity was well correlated with increases in NaCl concentration, and this relationship best matched the intensity perceived by the rat. These results suggest that this neuronal ensemble in GC whose activity monotonically increases with concentration plays an important role in signalling the intensity of the taste of NaCl.

Involvement of Autophagy in Oncogenic K-Ras-induced Malignant Cell Transformation

Autophagy has recently been implicated in both the prevention and progression of cancer. However, the molecular basis for the relationship between autophagy induction and the initial acquisition of malignancy is currently unknown. Here, we provide the first evidence that autophagy is essential for oncogenic K-Ras (K-RasV12)-induced malignant cell transformation. Retroviral expression of K-RasV12 induced autophagic vacuole formation and malignant transformation in human breast epithelial cells. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of autophagy completely blocked K-RasV12-induced, anchorage-independent cell growth on soft agar. Both mRNA and protein levels of ATG5 and ATG7 (autophagy-specific genes 5 and 7, respectively) were increased in cells overexpressing K-RasV12. Targeted suppression of ATG5 or ATG7 expression by short hairpin (sh) RNA inhibited cell growth on soft agar and tumor formation in nude mice. Moreover, inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with antioxidants clearly attenuated K-RasV12-induced ATG5 and ATG7 induction, autophagy, and malignant cell transformation. MAPK pathway components were activated in cells overexpressing K-RasV12, and inhibition of JNK blunted induction of ATG5 and ATG7 and subsequent autophagy. In addition, pretreatment with antioxidants completely inhibited K-RasV12-induced JNK activation. Our results provide novel evidence that autophagy is critically involved in malignant transformation by oncogenic K-Ras and show that reactive oxygen species-mediated JNK activation plays a causal role in autophagy induction through up-regulation of ATG5 and ATG7.

EEGcorco: a computer program to simultaneously calculate and statistically analyze EEG coherence and correlation

EEGcorco is a computer program designed to analyze the degree of synchronization between two electroencephalographic signals (EEG) by mean the analysis of correlation and coherence index. The correlation and coherence values permit the quantitative determination of the similarity among EEG signals from homologous areas of the cerebral hemispheres (interhemispheric), and among localized areas within one cerebral hemisphere (intrahemispheric). EEG coherence is a function of frequency; thus it is commonly presented in a spectral manner (coherence values in every frequency of the spectrum), in contrast, the correlation function has been employed mainly to search periodic components of bioelectrical signals, and normally appears as punctual values defined in time, hence it is not common calculate correlation spectra. EEGcorco offers an easy and novel way to calculate correlation spectra by mean the application of the Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) to digitized EEG signals. Both, correlation and coherence spectra are obtained in both independent frequencies and frequencies grouped in wide bands. Moreover, the program applies parametric statistical analyses to those coherence and correlation spectra also, for each individual frequency and for the frequencies grouped in bands. The program functions on any PC-compatible computer equipped with a Pentium or superior processor and a minimum of 512 Mb of RAM memory (though the higher the capacity the better). The space required on the hard disk depends on the signals to be analyzed, as the output takes the form of files in text format that occupy very little space. The program has been elaborated completely in the Delphi environment for the Windows operating system. The efficacy and versatility of EEGcorco allow it to be easily adapted to different experimental and clinical needs.

DILSTORE software for ecological status assessment of lakes based on benthic diatoms.

Until recently, only few diatom indices were developed for monitoring littoral zones of lakes. The available indices are not applicable for all lake types because species lists and environmental constraints' ranges are different. So far, four diatom indices (SCIL, TDIL, S, TI) were developed that use attached diatoms for ecological status assessment therefore a need arose to ease index calculation similarly as it is a wide spread practice in status assessment of rivers by means of the well known OMNIDIA software. DILSTORE 1.1 software has three main functions; (i) calculation of diatom indices and community attributes; (ii) storage and listing of primary diatom data series and (iii) it contains a taxon name coder and a spelling-check program. It can be used as a peripheral aid to generate data sheets for the OMNIDIA. The DILSTORE 1.1 software was developed for IBM PC compatible computers, for Windows users. According to the experiences, the DILSTORE 1.1 software can make the regular lake monitoring practice considerably faster.

Role of α1 2.3 Subunit I-II Linker Sites in the Enhancement of Cav 2.3 Current by Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate and Acetyl-β-methylcholine

Potentiation of Ca(v) 2.3 currents by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or acetyl-beta-methylcholine (MCh) may be due to protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated phosphorylation of the alpha1 2.3 subunit. Mutational analysis of potential PKC sites unique to the alpha1 2.3 subunit revealed several sites in the II-III linker that are specific to MCh (Kamatchi, G., Franke, R., Lynch, C., III, and Sando, J. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 4102-4109). To identify sites responsive to PMA, Ser/Thr --> Ala mutations were made in potential PKC sites homologous to the alpha1 2.3 and 2.2 subunits, both of which respond to PMA. Wild type alpha1 2.3 or mutants were expressed in Xenopus oocytes in combination with beta1b and alpha2/delta subunits and muscarinic M1 receptors. Inward current (I(Ba)) was recorded using Ba2+ as the charge carrier. Thr-365 of the I-II linker was identified as the primary site of PMA action, and this site also was required, along with the previously identified MCh-selective sites, for the MCh response. Ser-369 and Ser-1995 contributed to current enhancement only if Thr-365 also was available. Mutation of the essential sites to Asp increased the basal I(Ba) and caused a corresponding decrease in the PMA or MCh responses, consistent with possible regulation of these sites by phosphorylation. These results suggest that PMA and MCh both activate a pathway that can regulate the common PMA-sensitive sites in the I-II linker but that MCh also activates an additional pathway required for regulation of the MCh-unique sites, especially in the II-III linker.

Application of smart sensors in the measurement of soil physical parameters

The study presents the project and partial implementation of a modern monitoring system for the measurement of soil physical parameters. It is provided with smart sensors equipped with signal conversion electronics, individual identification and communication means decreasing the complexity of the measurement system and also the measurement errors that can appear during analog signal transmission along the cables from the sensors to the measuring unit. The applied wireless communication system operates in the 433MHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) licence free frequency band for transmission of commands and data between a remote PC compatible computer (Master unit) and the smart sensors (Slave units) in the distance of several hundred meters. The presented partial implementation of the system measures the temperature at several locations in the soil profile in field conditions and communicates with the host PC computer in wireless way. The developed hardware and software is intended to be adapted to more complex monitoring systems working in compliance with IEEE 1451 smart transducer interface standard and covering large areas as an element of air-borne or satellite remote sensing and serve for ground reference measurements. It is shown that the currently available technical means enable to apply smart sensors and wireless communication in the environmental monitoring in the economically justified way. The small increase of the system price by providing the measuring smart sensors, already equipped some element of control or computation, with radio communication assures the decrease of measurement errors and makes the collection of environmental data convenient for the system operator.

The Automation System of the Gas-Dynamic Trap Facility

The main tasks performed for the automation of the Gas-Dynamic Trap Facility are described. The principles for the installation of the facility's existing and future control systems are considered. The design of the data-acquisition system, which is based on PC-compatible computers and supported by devices made to different technological standards, is reviewed. The construction of the control system for atom injection, which is based on the existing data-acquisition system, is described.

Information Technologies in the Industry of Chemical Reagents and Special-Purity Substances

An analysis is made of information and expert systems that are successfully used in the industry of chemical reagents and special-purity substances on the basis of IBM PC-compatible personal computers. It is considered how brand-new information technology—the Continuous Acquisition and Life Cycle Support (CALS) concept—can be applied to designing the production of special-purity substances.

Reconfigurable co-processor for Kanerva's sparse distributed memory

The implementation on hardware of the first layer of Kanerva's sparse distributed memory (SDM) is presented in this work. The hardware consist on a co-processor board for connection on ISA standard bus of an IBM–PCcompatible computer. The board, named reconfigurable co-processor for SDM(RC-SDM), comprises on Xilinx FPGAs, local random access memory and bus interface circuits. Based on in-system reconfiguration capacity of FPGAs, RC-SDM easily allows change of the characteristics of SDM topology implemented. First results show a speed-up of four times of RC-SDM in relation to a software implementation of the algorithm.

3155 Left-ventricular kinetics analysis by original PC compatible home computers

3155 Left-ventricular kinetics analysis by original PC compatible home computers

Radar Target Extractor에 의한 선박운동정보의 추출에 관한 연구

This paper describes on the extraction of ship`s real-time movement information using a combination full-function ARPA radar and ECS system that displays radar images and an electronic chart together on a single PC screen. The radar target extractor(RTX) board, developed by Marine Electronics Corporation of Korea, receives radar video, trigger, antenna bearing pulse and heading pulse signals from a radar unit and processes these signals to extract target information. The target data extracted from each pulse repetition interval in DSPs of RTX that installed in 16 bit ISA slot of a IBM PC compatible computer is formatted into a series of radar target messages. These messages are then transmitted to the host PC and displayed on a single screen. The position data of target in range and azimuth direction are stored and used for determining the center of the distributed target by arithmetic averaging after the detection of the target end. In this system, the electronic chart or radar screens can be displayed separately or simulaneously and in radar mode all information of radar targets can be recorded and replayed In spite of a PC based radar system, all essential information required for safe and efficient navigation of ship can be provided

Development of computerized Kana Pick-out Test for the neuropsychological examination

The Kana Pick-out Test, which was developed in Japan and done with paper and pencil, is said to be suitable for inspecting higher-order brain function and to be a good method for screening persons with mild or slight dementia. We have developed a computerized version of the Kana Pick-out Test, which runs on a stand-alone computer, intended to be utilized for mass screening and self-administration. The program was developed with Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 and runs under the Windows operating system on any IBM PC compatible computer. In this study, all subjects could use the system by interacting with the computer and it was found that the system seemed to have the capability of detecting cognitive status equal to the paper-based Kana Pick-out Test. Besides this, we developed a network-based Kana Pick-out game software which was intended to attract user's notice. The game program was written in java language and runs on a web-browser supporting java on any operating system. The program, a so called applet, is located on our web site ( http://environ.med.tottori-u.ac.jp) and anyone can use the applet by accessing our homepage.

AN AUTOMATIC SYSTEM FOR DETECTING AND CLASSIFYING THE VOCALISATIONS OF HARBOUR PORPOISES

ABSTRACT A system for automatically detecting the vocalisations of Harbour Porpoises Phocoena phocoena is described. The system consists of a high frequency hydrophone, an analogue electronics module and software running on a laptop computer. The analogue electronics module uses band-pass filters to split signals from the hydrophone into three frequency bands. Envelope tracing circuitry then converts the high frequency signals in these bands to lower frequencies, which are digitised and then analysed on the computer. Decisions as to which clicks are from porpoises and which are from some other source are made automatically, based on the relative amplitudes of the signal in the three frequency bands and also on the shape of each detected pulse. If two hydrophones are used, it is possible to measure bearings (subject to a rotational ambiguity about the array axis) to detected clicks based on the difference in arrival time of the signal at each hydrophone. The system has been implemented in a practical package that can be deployed easily from almost any type of vessel or mooring, giving it a wide range of applications. The software, which is designed to run on a PC compatible laptop computer, contains a number of displays to present the data and to facilitate analysis. Properties of individual detected clicks are stored on the computer's hard drive to give a permanent record of detections and to facilitate off-line analysis of data collected in the field.