Mode Of Payment Research Articles

Impact of cross-border mergers and acquisitions on short-term gain to shareholders of target firms in India – effect of the mode of payment and industry relatedness

We examine the effect of announcements of cross-border mergers and acquisitions on short-term gain to shareholders of target firms in India. Using event study, we analyse 137 listed target firms taken from Bloomberg in post-financial crisis era from 2009 to 2019. Our analysis does shows short-term gains on acquisition of Indian firms, with the gains being high in and around the event day. Moreover, the return is positive both for pre- and post-event day windows, though the pre-event day window return is higher as compared to post-event day window. Notably, the return for the shareholders on an acquisition announcement is higher for cash payment, as compared to other payment modes. Further, the wealth effect for acquisitions in the related industry is higher compared to the acquisitions in unrelated industries. We have done multivariate analysis with the cumulative average abnormal return as the dependent variable, and mode of payment and industry relatedness as independent variables. The analysis shows a higher return for acquisitions in the related industry with cash payment. The findings of this research by and large concur with earlier studies, and are useful for foreign investors to appreciate the market behaviour in acquisitions of Indian firms post 2009.

Credit and guarantee insurance: A consistent pricing approach in supply chain finance

Credit insurance is a new loan guarantee contract which can effectively stimulate domestic demand and promote consumption. According to different modes of payment, individual credit loan guarantees mainly include credit insurance and guarantee insurance. In this paper, we apply the Complete Information Game to analyze the strategies of the insured subject and the risk subject under different scenarios of personal loan guarantee, and obtain the influencing factors of each decision-making subject in supply chain finance. The conclusion shows that the credit status of individual loan applicants greatly affects the decision-making of supply chain financial entities such as banks. Based on this, this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions for the credit insurance business management.

Does Insurance Status Influence Outpatient Flow? Cross-Sectional Comparison of Insured and Uninsured Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria.

Background: While patient satisfaction is a core index for the assessment of health quality, waiting time and payment mode in hospitals could influence outpatients’ flow and as well as their level of satisfaction. Objective: This study compared the waiting time of insured and uninsured patients seeking general outpatient care in a tertiary hospital. Methods: A total of 166 insured and 166 uninsured ambulatory adult patients seeking outpatient services were recruited by systematic random sampling and followed through their consultation at the outpatient clinic. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Science (version 20.0) at a 5% alpha level and power of 80%. Results: There were more males (54.8%) among the insured and more females (53.0%) among the uninsured, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = .153). There were significant differences in mean total idle time during outpatient visits (md = 65.7 min; 95% CI: 69.1, 162.8; P < .001) and total time spent (md=106.6 min; 95% CI: 204.8, 211.8; P < .001) in favor of insured patients. The time spent during the consultation was not significantly different (md = 0.8 min; 95% CI: 0.2, 1.7; P = .107). The insured patients were significantly more satisfied with the time spent waiting for nurses’ and doctors’ attention (P < .001). Conclusion: Significant variations exist in the time spent and level of satisfaction with time spent by insured and uninsured ambulatory patients. Findings call for improving efficiency in patient flow management especially for uninsured patients attending outpatient clinics in public hospitals.

Metrological Units, Tax and License Categories, Modes of Tax Payment: Semantic Scopes of Signs that Frequently Occur in Phrase-Final and Pre-Phrase-Final Positions in Indus Script

Metrological Units, Tax and License Categories, Modes of Tax Payment: Semantic Scopes of Signs that Frequently Occur in Phrase-Final and Pre-Phrase-Final Positions in Indus Script

Impact of cross-border mergers and acquisitions on short-term gain to shareholders of target firms in India – effect of the mode of payment and industry relatedness

Impact of cross-border mergers and acquisitions on short-term gain to shareholders of target firms in India – effect of the mode of payment and industry relatedness

Emerging the Equity and Fairness of Zakaat over Taxation

During the 9th century, Zakah has been levied in Madina as compulsory payment under the rule of Prophet Muhammad. During the colonial era, taxes were being levied as government revenue to accomplish colonial government objectives. The aim of this paper is to examine conceptually the equity and fairness available in Zakah over taxation. Findings show that Zakah should be recognized as an equity and fair mode of payment. This study made an assumption, based on the information available at the centre of collection located in University of Putra Malaysia Serdang and the one from Amana Islamic Bank in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, as evidence of equity of Zakah over taxation. As a result, properly managed and dispersed Zakah may aid in the promotion of good ethics, the reduction of dependency on external borrowing, and the empowerment of the poor to end their poverty.

A comprehensive study on three pillars of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology

Bitcoin and crypto currencies are only two of the latest platitudes in financial markets. Cryptocurrencies have recently received a lot of media attention, which is one of the reasons for their present popularity. This study conceptually discusses the three pillars, cryptography, peer to peer network and proof of work, important to cryptocurrencies, due to their ever-increasing popularity as new financial instruments. The study conceptually discusses the chronology of money till cryptocurrency and their middle events. It further discusses the three necessary phenomena of cryptocurrency trading and the reason of its development as most trusted mode of payment among young population.

Towards a cashless society: Use of electronic payment devices among generation Z

Nowadays, transactions on e-commerce platforms (e-payment) utilizing a credit card are popular. Using credit cards for electronic purchases over the Internet is much different from offline purchases in traditional stores; only online transactions do not include either physical credit card or a signature. The e-payment has become a common mode of payment for online transactions made. It is an electronic billing system that gives clients the ability to make payments using the Internet. The objective of this paper was to analyze the associations among continuance intention e-payment, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, performance expectancy, social influence, and actual usage of e-payment. The data was tested empirically on data collected from 667 Generation Z e-payment users in Malaysia. The results found that facilitating conditions, performance expectancy, and social influence impacted the actual usage of e-payment. Surprisingly, effort expectancy was not significantly associated with the actual e-payment usage. The findings of this study have several implications for managers and point the way towards future research. No prior empirical study has investigated the role of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model on e-payment usage among Generation Z in Malaysia to the best of the authors’ knowledge. These results provide valuable contributions that can help decision-makers formulate or adjust their strategies associated with e-payments.

Sector Wise Absorptive Capacity of Government Budget of Nepal

This article based on the sector wise absorptive capacity of government budget of Nepal. The main objective are to find out the pattern and implication of off-budget items in government budget. This article has been done using both quantitative and qualitative method. The research is quantitative research based upon macro data from Fiscal Year 2011/12 to 2015/16 government budget absorption capacity and 2011/12 to 2016/17. The basic objective of this article is to find out sector wise absorptive capacity of the government budget and to find out the size of off budget through off treasury but not being limited to it. For this purpose both descriptive as well as analytical and empirical research design is follow. The recent trends have been quite different. Off- budget items are mounting. The loan part of foreign assistance has been incorporated in budget whereas grant assistance is increasingly being routed through off-budget. This is concerned with the government finance, budgeting and Sector wise Absorptive Capacity of Government Budget of Nepal and modes of payment of Official Development Assistance (ODA) provided by Development partners in Nepal. In current scenario of government of Nepal almost 20% of national budget depends on the ODA. Government budget are not fully absorb, almost 85% budget are consumed. Public general service and economic affairs sector has high range of absorptive capacity. During the entire fiscal year budget expenditure could not expedite, government institution consumed less than 50% of total budget but at the end of the fiscal year more than 85% budget are spent to avoid budget freeze. ODA should be focus on the sartorial balance to ensure the equal development of nation.

UPI Challenges and Direction in Fund Management with Special Reference Banking Sector

Abstract: After demonetization, there was a massive requirement for currency notes, but the government was unable to provide the required quantity of currency notes, and also Indian government wanted to promote cashless transactions. UPI is built over Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) for transferring funds using Virtual Payment Address (a unique ID provided by the bank). Unified Payments Interface is a payment system launched by (NPCI), which is National Payments Corporation of India, and is regulated by the (RBI) Reserve Bank of India, which provides the facility of instant fund transfer between two bank accounts online through payment apps. Digital transactions by UPI have been made very easy. The UPI service is available 24X7, and it is not like RTGS and NEFT, which do not work on holidays and non-banking hours. This will bring tremendous efficiency to the system and help India become a cashless economy. Keywords: Digital illiteracy, Online payments, cashless economy UPI, Mobile phone, digital payment mode

PREDICTION OF CONGESTIONS USING BASIC TRAFFIC UNIT

In any form of traffic, whether it is physical or digital, the main problem that sparks a lot of interest for researchers is congestion. This paper discusses a study of congestion around toll plazas. A newly formulated model called Basic Traffic Unit (BTU) is introduced from previous research. BTU is a representation of a basic network connected to form a larger network. A simulation study is conducted and some queuing theories are applied to calculate the measure of performance. Two sets of data from different modes of toll payment are collected. The same two types of payments are simulated and the measure of performance is recorded. The two types of payments from the collected real data are used to calculate the measure of performance using the formula developed by the BTU. This study demonstrates that the results from simulated data can be used to compare with the results from the real-time data using the formula developed by a static model of BTU to predict possible congestions. Comparing results from both methods validates the claim that BTU is useful for predicting congestions.

Recreational Value Assessment of Urban Productive Landscape of Baguatian in Hangzhou Based on Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and Cloud Computing

Cloud computing has achieved rapid development in recent years, and the use of cloud platforms to carry various large-scale services has become the general trend of the development of the information industry. This study investigates WTP of Hangzhou residents for the recreational value of Baguatian productive landscapes based on CVM and cloud computing. In this study, we did the related analysis on the social and economic characteristics and WTP of interviewees and made the monetization assessment about the recreational value of its urban productive landscapes. The result shows 62.1% of interviewees have WTP and the average payment intention (WTP) is $40.74 per year. Besides, the total recreational value of Hangzhou Baguatian productive landscapes is 354 million yuan; the relatively accepted payment mode is tax-paying and cash payment; the educational degree, occupational background, and income are the main factors influencing the tourists’ WTP and the correlation between interviewees’ origin, permanent residence, and WTP is not apparent.

I Am too old for this! Barriers contributing to the non-adoption of mobile payment

PurposeSince its inception, mobile payment is rapidly gaining popularity over the years, and starting to replace traditional modes of payment. The usage of mobile payments has further escalated following various precautionary measures (i.e. social distancing) in curbing the transmission of the COVID-19 outbreak. However, most of the elderlies are still sceptical about the usage of mobile payment services. The current study was set to investigate the impact of functional, psychological and risk barriers that resulted in elderlies' resistance towards using such services. The impact of stickiness to cash was also examined as a moderator on the investigated relationships.Design/methodology/approachOnline survey questionnaires were used to collect the responses from 400 elderly consumers at the age of 60 and above. Data analysis was then performed using the SPSS and AMOS statistical software packages.FindingsFindings obtained acknowledged the significance of functional (i.e. perceived complexity, perceived incompatibility and perceived cost), psychological (i.e. lack of trust, inertia, and technological anxiety) and risk (i.e. privacy risk, security risk, financial risk and operational risk) barriers in influencing resistance towards mobile payment services among the elderlies. Consequently, resistance would influence their attitude and non-adoption intention; with attitude as the mediator between resistance and non-adoption intention. Finally, moderation analysis also confirmed the moderating effect of stickiness to cash towards elevating the correlation between resistance and non-adoption intention.Originality/valueThis study is one of the very few studies that explored the minimally investigated territory on the consequential importance of mobile payment usage among the elderlies, specifically, through extending the literature on the impact of functional, psychological and risk barriers towards the individuals' resistance. Besides, this study also successfully contributed to existing body of knowledge by highlighting the mediating role of attitude and moderating role of stickiness to cash in the interrelationships between resistance, attitude and non-adoption intention.

Usability of weather information services for decision-making in farming: Evidence from the Ada East District, Ghana

The provision of weather information services (WIS) has become increasingly relevant for smallholder farmers in developing countries to manage the risks and opportunities arising from climate change and variability. However, gaps exist between what information providers understand as useful information and what users recognise as usable WIS, leading to under-utilisation of WIS in the farming sector and other domains. Drawing mainly on- qualitative research methods, our study examined farmers’ perceptions about the usability of existing WIS for farming, focusing on the Ada East District in the Greater Accra Region in Ghana. We developed five information design and delivery criteria: local embeddedness, legitimacy, spatial and temporal resolution, predictive skill, and accessibility. The findings show that smallholder farmers access ten different WIS in the study district. However, the extent to which each WIS was used varied, given that the farmer-to-farmer and the private weather forecasters’ information were more used than the other available services. The usability of the existing WIS provided for farming was either enhanced or obstructed by various factors, including the origin of the information, information providers’ level of interaction with farmers, continuity in the delivery of information, respect for local values, accessible level, and mode of payment, among others. Some of the information design and delivery criteria and factors affecting WIS usability had trade-offs or complementarities, which is inevitable. In conclusion, we propose that the information providers find a balance between these factors to meet farmers' information needs in a particular context.

Cashless gambling and the pain of paying: effects of monetary format on slot machine gambling

Advances in cashless technologies create a dilemma for gambling regulators. Research indicates that cash purchases entail a ‘pain of paying’ that is attenuated with more abstract forms of payment, yet limited research has directly tested the impact of mode of payment on gambling behavior. Across two experiments, community-recruited gamblers were randomized to use an authentic slot machine in the laboratory, under different conditions of monetary endowment. In Experiment 1 (n = 61), participants were endowed with funds to play the slot machine, in either a cash or voucher format. In Experiment 2 (n = 48), participants acquired the cash endowment as a windfall or from an earning task. In session-level analyses, bet size and bet volume did not vary as a function of monetary condition. In more sensitive trial-level analyses, no interactions involving the monetary manipulations were consistent across the two experiments. Data from both experiments indicated faster spin initiation latencies as a function of losing streak length, and slower spin initiation latencies and larger bet size as a function of the prior win magnitude. These trial-level analyses show systematic influences on gambling behavior in the laboratory environment, supporting the basic sensitivity of our design. Overall, our data provide weak evidence for the hypothesis that monetary factors influence gambling tendencies. Acknowledging the possibility of the null hypothesis, these data also highlight the methodological challenges with manipulating monetary value in gambling research, including the use of endowed funds, and controlling for sources of variability when using authentic slot machines.

An empirical analysis of customer perception towards cashless transactions: A case study of Haryana

The payment system has evolved over a long period of time. From barter system to coin-based currency and then a system in which payments were made by paper currency. Now a new system is evolving in which paper-based payments are being replaced by electronic or digital payments. In this digital era, the advancement in electronic and communication technologies has led to the development of alternate modes of payments. The Indian Government and RBI are continuously emphasizing the cashless transactions by using digital mediums like net banking, card payments, UPI Apps etc. Despite India is witnessing robust growth in cashless transactions, people are still hesitant to adopt cashless system. The present study examines the various modes of payment and focuses on the benefits and challenges of cashless payments perceived by customers. A primary data survey through a structured questionnaire has been conducted on 314 customers in selected districts of Haryana. The findings suggested that majority of the respondents agree that cashless transactions are convenient, user friendly and can also foster economic growth by reducing corruption. Major challenges in adoption of the cashless payment system are cyber security, inadequate facilities and lack of digital literacy. The results suggested an important policy direction is required for growth in cashless payments.

Enhanced credit card fraud detection based on attention mechanism and LSTM deep model

As credit card becomes the most popular payment mode particularly in the online sector, the fraudulent activities using credit card payment technologies are rapidly increasing as a result. For this end, it is obligatory for financial institutions to continuously improve their fraud detection systems to reduce huge losses. The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel system for credit card fraud detection based on sequential modeling of data, using attention mechanism and LSTM deep recurrent neural networks. The proposed model, compared to previous studies, considers the sequential nature of transactional data and allows the classifier to identify the most important transactions in the input sequence that predict at higher accuracy fraudulent transactions. Precisely, the robustness of our model is built by combining the strength of three sub-methods; the uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) for selecting the most useful predictive features, the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks for incorporating transaction sequences and the attention mechanism to enhance LSTM performances. The experimentations of our model give strong results in terms of efficiency and effectiveness.

Study of E-consumer Behaviour towards E-goods (tangible goods) in Mumbai City (Byculla - E Ward)

Convenience, accessibility and inexpensive range of information have attracted many towards the field of online shopping, luring them for more and more shopping experiences with availability of a wider range of products. Online shopping being a larger industry, needs to keep themselves constantly updated with the types of consumers choosing to shop online, the factors influencing e-consumers attitudes to shop, the kinds of e-purchases made and the mode of payment opted for online shopping purchases. The purpose of this research paper is to seek such information to help online marketers to map out strategies in order to cover a wide range of consumers in the society by transforming the offline shoppers to online shoppers and optimizing sales of different e-purchases. Thus, making web based applications an interactive mode to connect e-tailers with e-consumers with utmost trust and transparency. This research paper involves collection and analysis of data through 100 respondents with the help of questionnaire method.

The Economic Impact of Government Sponsored Health Insurance Schemes on a Tertiary Care Multispeciality Hospital in South India

The number of people registered with health insurance schemes has increased from 161.2 million(2011-12) to 335 million(2016-17), which is two-fold in just 5 years.1 As per the forecasts regarding the increase in healthcare insurance market in India, it is evident that the hospitals have to face the management of patient costs through the insurance schemes in large numbers as the number of claims will increase eventually. With the present condition of schemes reimbursing the claims with a huge time lag of about 3-4 months, the hospital have to carry the burden of opportunity costs lost on these claims.2 This indicates the responsibility hospital administration should have to face the ever increasing claims and manage them without incurring loss. This study was intended to do a cost analysis between surgical procedures performed under two categories, Aarogyasri Health Insurance Scheme, A Government Sponsored Health Insurance Scheme in the state of Andhra Pradesh and Cash category, where patients do not hold any insurance policy and pay by cash all the hospital expenses. On the basis of revenue generated the top 15 procedures under Insurance scheme are determined and costing is done using Activity Based Micro Costing method. Costing is done for the determined 15 procedures under both the categories of payment modes. The results are compared to evaluate the economic impact of the health insurance scheme on hospital.

Angry waves that eat the coast: An economic analysis of nature-based and engineering solutions to coastal erosion

Coastal areas in developing countries are very vulnerable to the effects of sea-level rise. Adaptation to sea-level rise through protection measures can include both engineering and nature-based solutions. However, comparative economic analyses across both types of solutions are sparse. Moreover, stated preference studies in developing countries that are commonly applied to estimate the benefits of adaptation projects increasingly include time payments as an alternative to money payments. The implications of this payment mode on policy recommendations remains unclear. In this study, we conduct cost-benefit analyses (CBA) that incorporate the results of discrete choice experiments with money as well as time payments for both an engineering (groynes) and a nature-based (beach nourishment) solution. We provide a range of sensitivity analyses regarding discount rates, effectiveness of the measures, cost estimates and different projections in the benefit calculations. These quantitative CBAs are complemented by qualitative insights from focus group discussions. We find overall negative net present values of both engineering and nature-based erosion solutions when money payments are applied, but positive values when time payments are applied. Qualitative insights describe the disruptive effects of erosion on local livelihoods. The qualitative results combined with previous studies’ results provide support for the use of the time payment results. Furthermore, our results indicate that nourishment has a larger positive effect on welfare than groynes. These results provide relevant insights for decision-makers regarding coastal adaptation and stated preference practitioners in developing countries regarding the use of time payments.