Paulownia Fortunei Research Articles

A comparison of the transcriptomes between diploid and autotetraploid Paulownia fortunei under salt stress.

Paulownia is a tree species grown in many countries. Our previous study reveals that tetraploid Paulownia fortunei is more tolerant to salt stress than its corresponding diploid tree. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in P. fortunei, the transcriptomes of normal and salt-stressed diploid and tetraploid were investigated. After assembling the clean reads, we obtained 130,842 unigenes. The unigenes were aligned against six public databases (Nr, Nt, Swiss-Prot, COG, KEGG, GO) to discover homologs and assign functional annotations. We retrieved 7983 and 15,503 differentially expressed unigenes (DEUs) between the normal and the salt-stressed diploid and tetraploid P. fortunei, respectively. We identified dozens of important DEUs including 3 related to photosynthesis, 10 related to plant growth and development and 11 related to osmolytes. Some of these DEUs were upregulated in tetraploid compared to diploid and others were upregulated under salt stress. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction verified the expression patterns of 15 unigenes. Our results provided insights into the molecular aspects why tetraploid is stronger and more energetic than diploid under saline environment. This study provides useful information for further studies on the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in other tree plants.

Transcriptome and Small RNA Sequencing Analysis Revealed Roles of PaWB-Related miRNAs and Genes in Paulownia fortunei

Paulownia witches’ broom (PaWB) is an epidemic disease caused by phytoplasmas infection, which is responsible for large production and economic losses. The study of PaWB has made significant progress, but the specific molecular mechanisms associated with PaWB remain unclear. To clearly know the gene expression profiles of plantlets infected with phytoplasmas, in this study, we used high-throughput sequencing technology to generate an integrated analysis of the transcriptome and microRNAs (miRNAs) of Paulownia fortunei (seem.) Hemsl. plantlets, and to obtain a comprehensive resource for the relationship between vital miRNA-target gene pairs and PaWB. A total of 756 genes, and 45 conserved and 22 new miRNAs were identified associated with PaWB. In addition, 635 target genes were predicted for the 67 DERs (Differentially expressed miRNAs). An interaction network of these miRNAs and their target genes was constructed. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis of these target genes indicated that genes encoding transcription factors (TFs), including auxin response factors (ARF), WRKY, NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2), and MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog), and genes encoding superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as alternative splicing were related directly or indirectly to PaWB. Our results shed light on the possible roles of genes and miRNAs in PaWB-infected plantlets, which will enhance the understanding of the PaWB mechanism in Paulownia plants.

Comparative Transcriptomics Analysis of Phytohormone-Related Genes and Alternative Splicing Events Related to Witches’ Broom in Paulownia

Paulownia is a native fast-growing tree in China that has been introduced into many countries. However, it is often infected by Paulownia witches’ broom (PaWB) disease, which can lead to large declines in yield. PaWB is caused by a phytoplasma that is an obligate biotrophic plant pathogen. Until now, the molecular mechanisms of interactions between the host plants and the phytoplasma have not been clear. In previous studies, it was reported that PaWB-infected Paulownia exhibited healthy morphology after being treated with methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) at the concentration of 20 mg·L−1 (for Paulownia tomentosa (PT) and Paulownia fortunei (PF) or 15 mg·L−1 (for P. tomentosa × P. fortunei) MMS. In this study, the whole transcriptome expression profile of PaWB-infected Paulownia was studied using high-throughput sequencing technology. In total, 74 significantly differentially expressed genes were detected among three species of healthy, PaWB-infected Paulownia, and the Paulownia treated with MMS. We identified and analyzed genes related to the roles of phytohormones and alternative splicing events involved in regulating plant growth. In response to phytoplasma infection, the concentrations of the plants’ phytohormones were altered, leading to morphology transformation. This research will provide valuable information to detect the molecular mechanisms involved in the Paulownia response to phytoplasma infection.

Comparative Analysis of MicroRNA Expression in Three Paulownia Species with Phytoplasma Infection

Paulownia witches’ broom (PaWB), caused by phytoplasma, is an important disease of Paulownia. To further identify the key miRNAs associated with the formation of PaWB symptoms, miRNA and degradome sequencing were performed to explore important miRNAs–target regulation in healthy and diseased Paulownia tomentosa, Paulownia fortunei, and P. tomentosa × P. fortunei seedlings, and the corresponding diseased seedlings treated with 75 mg L−1 dimethyl sulfate. A total of 212, 111, and 197 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were obtained in P. tomentosa, P. fortunei, and P. tomentosa × P. fortunei, respectively. Degradome sequencing detected 559, 251, and 568 target genes of the DEMs in P. tomentosa, P. fortunei, and P. tomentosa × P. fortunei, respectively. The expression patterns of selected miRNAs and the target genes were verified be qRT-PCR. Through analysis of the expression level of the DEMs in this study, combined with the results in our previous studies, as well as with those reported in other phytoplasma-infected plants, we concluded that miR156 is an important miRNA related to witches’ broom. According to the functions of the target genes of DEMs, we constructed a co-regulatory network of the DEMs-target genes interaction. These results will help to advance the understanding of the mechanism of PaWB.

Genome-Wide Analysis of Gene and microRNA Expression in Diploid and Autotetraploid Paulownia fortunei (Seem) Hemsl. under Drought Stress by Transcriptome, microRNA, and Degradome Sequencing

Drought is a common and recurring climatic condition in many parts of the world, and it can have disastrous impacts on plant growth and development. Many genes involved in the drought response of plants have been identified. Transcriptome, microRNA (miRNA), and degradome analyses are rapid ways of identifying drought-responsive genes. The reference genome sequence of Paulownia fortunei (Seem) Hemsl. is now available, which makes it easier to explore gene expression, transcriptional regulation, and post-transcriptional in this species. In this study, four transcriptome, small RNA, and degradome libraries were sequenced by Illumina sequencing, respectively. A total of 258 genes and 11 miRNAs were identified for drought-responsive genes and miRNAs in P. fortunei. Degradome sequencing detected 28 miRNA target genes that were cleaved by members of nine conserved miRNA families and 12 novel miRNAs. The results here will contribute toward enriching our understanding of the response of Paulownia fortunei trees to drought stress and may provide new direction for further experimental studies related the development of molecular markers, the genetic map construction, and other genomic research projects in Paulownia.

Influence of the soil from Oxytree [Paulownia elongata S. Y. Hu × Paulownia fortunei (Seem.) Hemsl.] plantation on germination and initial growth of winter wheat and winter rape

Influence of the soil from Oxytree [Paulownia elongata S. Y. Hu × Paulownia fortunei (Seem.) Hemsl.] plantation on germination and initial growth of winter wheat and winter rape

不同人为干扰下林地类型对传粉昆虫的影响——以河南省巩义市为例

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 不同人为干扰下林地类型对传粉昆虫的影响——以河南省巩义市为例 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201701050048 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（41371195，41071118） Effects of woodland types with different levels of human disturbance on pollinators: A case study in Gongyi, Henan, China Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:不同类型的林地为人类提供着十分重要的生态系统服务，维持着社会的稳定发展，其对传粉昆虫的保护也有着积极的效应。在巩义市选取24个采样点，3种林地类型（栓皮栎林、泡桐林、杨树林）进行取样，结合当地的植物群落特征，分析不同人为干扰梯度下生态系统对传粉昆虫的影响；共捕获传粉昆虫8386头，分属6个目，83个科，分属于膜翅目类、双翅目类、鞘翅目类、鳞翅目类、半翅目类与缨翅目类共六个传粉功能群。选取膜翅目、双翅目、鞘翅目和鳞翅目4类主要传粉昆虫作为研究对象进行分析。结果表明：（1）栓皮栎林中传粉昆虫的个体数量和优势度要大于泡桐林和杨树林，但泡桐林中传粉昆虫多样性大于栓皮栎林和杨树林；就传粉昆虫的多度而言，栓皮栎林与泡桐林（P<0.05）和杨树林（P<0.01）间有显著差异，而泡桐林和杨树林间的差异不明显；（2）非度量多维度法（NMDS）和非参数二因子相似性分析（ANOSIM）显示，泡桐林中传粉昆虫群落组成分别与栓皮栎林和杨树林之间存在显著差异（P<0.05），而栓皮栎林与杨树林间无显著差异；（3）在所研究的7个环境因子中，根据冗余分析（RDA）显示，海拔高度和乔木盖度2个环境因素对传粉昆虫群落组成有显著影响（P<0.05）。不同林地类型中传粉昆虫群落的组成差异明显，生境和植被的多样为物种带来更多的食源及栖息环境，因此，加强不同林地类型的保护、保障传粉昆虫生境的多样性对本区传粉昆虫的发展和生态系统服务的提高具有重要意义。 Abstract:Different types of woodlands, which provide important ecosystem services for human beings, maintain the stable development of society and have positive effects on the protection of pollinators. In recent years, the diversity of pollinators has been greatly influenced by human activities, changes in climatic variables, invasion of alien species, and changes in land use. To study the status of species diversity of pollinators and plant communities in different types of woodlands (Quercus variabilis, Paulownia fortunei,and Populus spp.), 24 sampling points were selected in field margin systems in the hilly regions of western Henan. Yellow, white, and blue traps were deployed, and a mixture of approximately 200 mL of water and 1 drop of detergent was poured into the traps to capture pollinators. These data were combined with the characteristics of local plant communities to analyze the effects of different woodland type on the diversity of pollinators. We captured 8386 individuals of six orders and 83 families, mainly belonging to Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, and Thysanoptera, with a total of six pollinator functional groups. Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, and Lepidoptera were selected as the four kinds of main pollinators to be analyzed. Results showed that the individual number and dominance of pollinators in Populus spp. were greater than those in P. fortunei and Q. variabilis, but the diversity of pollinators in P. fortunei was greater than that in Q. variabilis and Populus spp. In terms of individual abundance of pollinators, Q. variabilis differed significantly from P. fortunei (P < 0.05)and Populus spp. (P < 0.01), whereas P. fortunei did not differ from Populus spp. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) and Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) revealed that the composition of pollinator communities in Q. variabilis differed significantly from P. fortunei and Populus spp. (P < 0.05), whereas Q. variabilis did not vary substantially from Populus spp. Among the seven environmental variables studied, according to Redundancy analysis (RDA), coverage of trees and altitude were negatively related to the diversity of pollinators (P < 0.05). Altitude was significantly correlated with the first axis (r=0.3242, P < 0.05), indicating that the first axis was characterized by an elevation gradient, with the first axis increasing from left to right, and habitats changed from lower Populus spp. to higher Q. variabilis, and pollinator insects were mainly distributed in the middle to high-altitude areas. Coverage of trees (r=-0.5061, P < 0.05) was significantly correlated with the second axis, indicating that the second axis was characterized by coverage of trees increasing from top to bottom, and the transition was from the lower cover of Q. variabilis to that of Populus spp. The pollinators changed from Hymenoptera in lower tree coverage to Coleoptera in the higher tree coverage. The interference of human activities was not completely negative to pollinators, and pollinators had a positive response under moderate disturbance. Moreover, the diversity of pollinators was closely related to the surrounding environmental variables, including seasonal variation, vegetation characteristics, temperature, humidity, and human activities. The composition of pollinator communities in different woodland types varied, and the diversity of habitats and vegetation supported more food sources and habitats for the species; therefore, for the development of pollinator communities and improvement of ecosystem services in local areas, it is important to increase the protection of different types of woodland. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Combined Analysis of mRNAs and miRNAs to Identify Genes Related to Biological Characteristics of Autotetraploid Paulownia

Autopolyploid plants and their organs are larger than their corresponding diploid ancestors, and they attract considerable attention for plant breeding. Paulownia is a fast-growing tree. To identify genes related to the biological characteristics of tetraploid Paulownia, transcriptome and small RNA sequencing were used to identify the key gene expression regulation in tetraploid Paulownia fortunei and tetraploid P. tomentosa and their corresponding diploids. A total of 1977 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 89 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) (38 conserved and 51 novel) were obtained in tetraploid vs. diploid comparisons of the two Paulownia species, and 18 target genes were identified by target prediction. Finally, by analyzing the expression profiles of the DEGs and DEMs and their target genes, we discovered that Pau-miR169, Pau-miR408 and Pau-miR156 interacted with their target gene nuclear transcription factor Y subunit A-9 (NF-YA9), serine/threonine protein phosphatase (PP1) and s-adenosyl-methionine-sterol-c-methyltransfera—se (SAM:SMT) to regulate the abiotic stress tolerance and the timber quality of the tetraploid Paulownia. This study lays a molecular biology foundation for understanding autotetraploid Paulownia and will benefit future breeding work.

Soil bacterial community responses to long-term fertilizer treatments in Paulownia plantations in subtropical China

The use of fertilizers to overcome nutrient constraints is standard practice in Paulownia fortunei plantations to increase stem wood production and tree yields. However, little is known about the responses and important role of the soil bacteria involved in the increases of soil fertility and standing volume with different fertilization. The 16S rRNA was used to compare four different fertilizer treatments for soil bacterial communities in three P. fortunei plantations, in Hunan Province, China. The results showed that the soil bacteria richness was significantly higher in plantations fertilized for ten years than for shorter times. The phyla Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were more prevalent for ten-year old plantations, and Firmicutes significantly increased with organic manure treatment (denoted as OM; p<0.05). OM significantly increased the ratio of Bacilli-like sequences in Firmicutes to 87%, 97% and 78% in seven-, nine- and ten-year-old plantations, respectively (p<0.05), while control and inorganic fertilizer had no effect. Principal coordinate analysis revealed that the soil bacterial communities in OM were different from the control and inorganic fertilizer in the three different plantations. Canonical correspondence analyses showed that available phosphorus and available magnesium were the most strongly related to bacterial community composition. The addition of OM led to soil being more fertile and an increased standing volume compared with the other fertilizer treatments. Bacilli, the most abundant class of Firmicutes may represent the bacterial type that responded most distinctly to organic manure fertilization and could be highly effective bacteria to increase soil fertility and achieve sustainable development of P. fortunei plantations.

Genome-wide expression analysis of salt-stressed diploid and autotetraploid Paulownia tomentosa.

Paulownia tomentosa is a fast-growing tree species with multiple uses. It is grown worldwide, but is native to China, where it is widely cultivated in saline regions. We previously confirmed that autotetraploid P. tomentosa plants are more stress-tolerant than the diploid plants. However, the molecular mechanism underlying P. tomentosa salinity tolerance has not been fully characterized. Using the complete Paulownia fortunei genome as a reference, we applied next-generation RNA-sequencing technology to analyze the effects of salt stress on diploid and autotetraploid P. tomentosa plants. We generated 175 million clean reads and identified 15,873 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from four P. tomentosa libraries (two diploid and two autotetraploid). Functional annotations of the differentially expressed genes using the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases revealed that plant hormone signal transduction and photosynthetic activities are vital for plant responses to high-salt conditions. We also identified several transcription factors, including members of the AP2/EREBP, bHLH, MYB, and NAC families. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis validated the expression patterns of eight differentially expressed genes. Our findings and the generated transcriptome data may help to accelerate the genetic improvement of cultivated P. tomentosa and other plant species for enhanced growth in saline soils.

Flavonoid-Rich Extract of Paulownia fortunei Flowers Attenuates Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia, Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance in Obesity Mice by AMPK Pathway.

The flavonoid-rich extract from Paulownia fortunei flowers (EPF) has been reported to prevent obesity and other lipid metabolism disease. However, the mechanism of its protective effects is not yet clear. The objective of this study was to investigate molecular factors involved in the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of EPF in obese mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Male h ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice were fed a HFD containing or not containing the EPF (50 or 100 mg/kg) for eight weeks. EPF reduced body weight gain, lipid accumulation in livers and levels of lipid, glucose and insulin in plasma as well as reduced insulin resistance as compared with the HFD group. EPF significantly decreased serum aminotransferase activity of the HFD group. We observed that EPF administration significantly increased the level of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and prevented fat deposits in livers and HepG2 cells, but these effects were blocked by compound C (an AMPK inhibitor). The protective effects of EPF were probably associated with the decrease in HMGCR, SREBP-1c and FAS expressions and the increase in CPT1 and phosphor-IRS-1 expressions. Our results suggest that EPF might be a potential natural candidate for the treatment and/or prevention of overweight and hepatic and metabolic-related alterations induced by HFD.

Dissecting the proteome dynamics of the salt stress induced changes in the leaf of diploid and autotetraploid Paulownia fortunei.

Exposure to high salinity can trigger acclimation in many plants. Such an adaptative response is greatly advantageous for plants and involves extensive reprogramming at the molecular level. Acclimation allows plants to survive in environments that are prone to increasing salinity. In this study, diploid and autotetraploid Paulownia fortunei seedlings were used to detect alterations in leaf proteins in plants under salt stress. Up to 152 differentially abundant proteins were identified by Multiplex run iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic and LC-MS/MS methods. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that P. fortunei leaves reacted to salt stress through a combination of common responses, such as induced metabolism, signal transduction, and regulation of transcription. This study offers a better understanding of the mechanisms of salt tolerance in P. fortunei and provides a list of potential target genes that could be engineered for salt acclimation in plants, especially trees.

Genome of Paulownia (Paulownia fortunei) illuminates the related transcripts, miRNA and proteins for salt resistance

Polyploidy in plants can bestow long-term evolutionary flexibility and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The upstream activation mechanisms of salt response remain unknown. Here we integrated transcriptome, miRNA and proteome data to describe the link between abscisic acid (ABA)-effectors and salt resistance against the background of Paulownia genome. Combing GO and KEGG pathway annotation of differentially expressed genes and proteins, as well as differentially expressed miRNA, these results reflect endogenous signal ABA activate the downstream effectors, such as ion channel effectors and oxido-reduction effectors, to maintain the homeostasis of Paulownia’s growth. The cascaded metabolic network involved ABA biosynthesis, signaling transduction and the response of effectors. Our results will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis of salt tolerance, which may help to expand the available arable land for P. fortunei cultivation.

锰矿修复区植物生态系统自由能与化学势分析

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 锰矿修复区植物生态系统自由能与化学势分析 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201512032425 作者: 作者单位: 中南林业科技大学,中南林业科技大学,中南林业科技大学,中南林业科技大学,中南林业科技大学,中南林业科技大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家科技惠民计划项目（2012GS430203）；国家十二五科技支撑计划项目（2014BAC09B00）；中南林业科技大学研究生科技创新基金项目（CX2015A02） Gibbs free energy and chemical potentials of plant communities in a manganese-ore tailing site undergoing ecological restoration Author: Affiliation: Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Central South University of Forestry and Technology Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:基于热力学理论建立了生态系统Gibbs自由能方程，用以计算湘潭锰矿生态修复区植被系统的自由能（G）和物种化学势（μ）。生态修复区（及对照区）以泡桐（Paulownia fortunei）和栾树（Koelreuteria bipinnata）作为建群植物，总面积为4 hm2，修复区泡桐和栾树的根际施用了含有自试验点废弃矿渣中筛选出的耐性菌株的有机菌肥，目的是为植物生长提供必要养分和降低根际土壤重金属毒性，对照区泡桐和栾树的根际施用了等量的化肥。泡桐和栾树种植后5 a期间，修复区与对照区均自然萌发生长了许多本土植物种类。试验结果表明，修复区植物种类数达到48，为对照区的3.7倍；修复区的总生物量、锰吸收量分别达到23324 kg/hm2和4280 g/hm2，为对照区对应值的20.6和2.6倍；修复区系统自由能G远远大于对照区的值，说明有机菌肥具有显著的改良污染土壤根际环境的效果。修复区和对照区植物种类之间的化学势μ均存在显著差异（P < 0.001），μ值差异范围分别为-3.79-6.76和-3.42-3.59，该一差异反映不同物种适应和修复锰污染环境的能力。G和μ值包含了生态系统生产力、生物多样性，植物种类生长势、重金属富集能力、生态学行为等综合信息，能反映生态系统与立地环境的关系和修复植物的生态学特性，可作为重金属污染区植被修复效果评价和修复植物筛选的重要指标。 Abstract:Matter and energy exchanges constitute the basis of ecological processes. Therefore, ecosystems can be regarded as open thermodynamic systems, with bio-species as key components. The changes in ecosystem states can therefore be measured and compared in terms of Gibbs free energy (G) and chemical potential (μ). Based on thermodynamic theories, an ecosystem Gibbs free energy model was established for calculating the changes in G of plant communities and μ of the plant species, at an ecological restoration site of manganese-ore tailing in the Xiangtan region. The total area of the experimental site, including the control plot, was 4 hectares, which was covered with Paulownia fortunei and Koelreuteria bipinnata as the dominant, transplanted, wood species. The rooting areas of the wood species at the experimental site were amended with organic manure, containing a tolerant bacterium strain isolated from the experimental site's mining waste. Organic manure application was undertaken not only to provide necessary nutrients for plant growth, but also to improve the root growth conditions by reducing the metal toxicity in the rhizosphere. The wood plant species were screened first, and the amending effects of the organic manure were tested in pot experiments before initiating the on-site ecological restoration project. For comparison purposes, an equivalent amount of chemical fertilizers was applied to the control plot. Within a five-year period after transplanting the wood species to the site, native plant species naturally germinated as well, and grew in both the restoration and control sites. Soil and plant samples were collected and analyzed using standard methods. The number of plant species was counted, and the density of each species was estimated at the site. Furthermore, the cover percentage, biomass quantity, and manganese uptake of each plant species were calculated. The number of plant species at the restoration site was 48, which was 4 times that of the control plot. The total dry biomass and manganese uptake at the restoration site was 23,324 kg/hm2 and 4,280 g/hm2, respectively. This was respectively 20.6, and 2.6 times as high as in the control plot. In addition, the plant community's total Gibbs free energy was significantly higher at the restoration site than at the control site. These results indicate that the application of organic manure improved the root growth conditions of the contaminated soil, and that the effects were significant. There were also significant differences in chemical potentials among the plant species at both the restoration and control sites (P < 0.001). The μ values for different plant species ranged between -3.79 to 6.76, and -3.42 to 3.59, respectively, at the restoration and control sites. The μ value reflects the ability of plant species not only to adapt, but also to restore the metal-contaminated environment. As ecosystem properties, both G and μ are functions of biomass, manganese uptake, density, and the number of plant species. The values of G furthermore, comprise integrated information on the productivity and biodiversity of the ecosystem. The values of μ concern the growth potential, heavy metal accumulation capacity, and relevant ecological characteristics of the plant species regarding their mutual competition, inhibition, and symbiosis behaviors under given site conditions. In comparison with traditionally applied hyperaccumulators and biodiversity indices, the G and μ values were found to be appropriate parameters for evaluating the impacts of a site's environment on ecosystem growth. Furthermore, they proved suitable for analyzing the ecological behaviors of the remediation plants. In sum, both G and μ values can be used as important indices for determining the effects of ecological restoration in heavy metal contaminated areas, as well as for the screening of phytoremediation plant species. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Paulownia fortunei Response to Phytoplasma Infection with Dimethyl Sulfate Treatment

Paulownia fortunei is a widely cultivated economic forest tree species that is susceptible to infection with phytoplasma, resulting in Paulownia witches' broom (PaWB) disease. Diseased P. fortunei is characterized by stunted growth, witches' broom, shortened internodes, and etiolated and smaller leaves. To understand the molecular mechanism of its pathogenesis, we applied isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry approaches to study changes in the proteomes of healthy P. fortunei, PaWB-infected P. fortunei, and PaWB-infected P. fortunei treated with 15 mg·L−1 or 75 mg·L−1 dimethyl sulfate. We identified 2969 proteins and 104 and 32 differentially abundant proteins that were phytoplasma infection responsive and dimethyl sulfate responsive, respectively. Based on our analysis of the different proteomes, 27 PaWB-related proteins were identified. The protein-protein interactions of these 27 proteins were analyzed and classified into four groups (photosynthesis-related, energy-related, ribosome-related, and individual proteins). These PaWB-related proteins may help in developing a deeper understanding of how PaWB affects the morphological characteristics of P. fortunei and further establish the mechanisms involved in the response of P. fortunei to phytoplasma.

Utjecaj ektomikorize i huminskih kiselina na morfološke značajke jednogodišnjih sadnica hibrida Paulownia tomentosa x Paulownia fortunei

The paper presents the results of the impact of ectomycorrhiza and humic acids on major morphological features of 1 year old seedlings of Paulownia tomentosa × Paulownia fortunei (9501) hybrids grown from root cuttings. Paulownia has many desirable properties as well as negative traits such as invasiveness. Experimental plantations were established in the spring of 2015 on a field in Zagreb. We used two different spacings (2x2 m and 4x4 m), each with two treatments and control. In the first treatment we planted seedlings grown from root cuttings inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi at the time of planting. For the second treatment we used the inoculated plants with the addition of soil humic acids. Seedlings were planted in flower beds with black plastic foil and a trickle irrigation system. Major morphological features of seedlings were measured at the end of the first growing season. A positive impact of the ectomycorrhizal fungi and humic acids on morphological characteristics of 1 year old seedlings was established. For the planting distance 2x2 m we established significant differences between the seedlings treated with ectomycorrhizal fungi and seedlings treated with ectomycorrhizal fungi and humic acids compared to the control seedlings in the following variables: total seedling height, stem diameter at 10 cm from ground level, number of branches, seedling height to the first live branches and length of the longest branches. For the planting distance 4x4 m we obtained statistically significant differences between the seedlings treated with ectomycorrhizal fungi compared to the control seedlings in the following variables: stem diameter at 10 cm from ground level, the number of branches and the length of the longest branches. The application of ectomycorrhizal fungi and humic acids can increase the quality of forest plantation of paulownia. Before growing and putting paulownia seedlings on the market we should consider the fact that in Croatia there are no scientific or impact studies on the nature of several species from the genus Paulownia, and the risks should be assessed for each taxonomy category, even lower than the species. Such studies would give specific guidelines and plans for future plantations of paulownia.

Comparative analysis of microRNAs and putative target genes in hybrid clone Paulownia ‘yuza 1’ under drought stress

Drought stress in plants often leads to reduced productivity and limited geographic distribution, which can affect human life and ecosystems. The responses of diploid and tetraploid Paulownia tomentosa × Paulownia fortunei to drought have been reported, but the effects of drought stress on the levels of microRNA (miRNA) expression have not been published so far. Here, we constructed four small RNA (sRNA) libraries and four corresponding degradome libraries of well-watered and severe drought-treated diploid and tetraploid plants to identify the miRNAs and their putative target genes in Paulownia ‘yuza 1’, a P. tomentosa × P. fortunei hybrid clone, by sRNA and degradome sequencing. The putative target genes of miRNAs were annotated with gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Three conserved and 21 novel miRNAs responsive to drought stress were found, in which 15 were identified as the main drought responsive miRNAs that conferred higher resistance in tetraploid than in diploid of Paulownia ‘yuza 1’. Our results will lay the foundation for investigating the roles of miRNAs in Paulownia and other trees in response to drought.

Identification of microRNAs and their targets in Paulownia fortunei plants free from phytoplasma pathogen after methyl methane sulfonate treatment.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play major roles in plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses by regulating gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Paulownia witches' broom (PaWB) disease caused by phytoplasmas reduces Paulownia production worldwide. In this study, we investigated the miRNA-mediated plant response to PaWB phytoplasma by Illumina sequencing and degradome analysis of Paulownia fortunei small RNAs (sRNAs). The sRNA and degradome libraries were constructed from healthy and diseased P.fortunei plants and the plants free from phytoplasma pathogen after 60mgL(-1) methyl methane sulfonate treatment. A total of 96 P.fortunei-conserved miRNAs and 83 putative novel miRNAs were identified. Among them, 37 miRNAs (17 conserved, 20 novel) were found to be differentially expressed in response to PaWB phytoplasma infection. In addition, 114 target genes for 18 of the conserved miRNA families and 33 target genes for 15 of the novel miRNAs in P.fortunei were detected. The expression patterns of 14 of the PaWB phytoplasma-responsive miRNAs and 12 target genes were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) experiments. A functional analysis of the miRNA targets indicated that these targeted genes may regulate transcription, stress response, nitrogen metabolism, and various other activities. Our results will help identify the potential roles of miRNAs involved in protecting P.fortunei from diseases.

Soil quality assessment under different Paulownia fortunei plantations in mid-subtropical China

Purpose Paulownia, one of the fastest growing broad-leaved tree species in the world, is widely distributed in the warm temperate regions of China. However, there are few commercial-scale Paulownia plantations, and there is only limited information available about the most suitable soil quality for Paulownia fortunei growth in mid-subtropical, Hunan Province, China.

Comparative Analysis and Identification of miRNAs and Their Target Genes Responsive to Salt Stress in Diploid and Tetraploid Paulownia fortunei Seedlings

Salt stress is a global environmental problem that affects plant growth and development. Paulownia fortunei is an adaptable and fast-growing deciduous tree native to China that is environmentally and economically important. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important regulatory roles in growth, development, and stress responses in plants. MiRNAs that respond to biotic stresses have been identified; however, how miRNAs in P. fortunei respond to salt stress has not yet been reported. To identify salt-stress-responsive miRNAs and predict their target genes, four small RNA and four degradome libraries were constructed from NaCl-treated and NaCl-free leaves of P. fortunei seedlings. The results indicated that salt stress had different physiological effects on diploid and tetraploid P. fortunei. We detected 53 conserved miRNAs belonging to 17 miRNA families and 134 novel miRNAs in P. fortunei. Comparing their expression levels in diploid and tetraploid P. fortunei, we found 10 conserved and 10 novel miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed under salt treatment, among them eight were identified as miRNAs probably associated with higher salt tolerance in tetraploid P. fortunei than in diploid P. fortunei. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were performed to predict the functions of the target genes of the conserved and novel miRNAs. The expressions of 10 differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). This is the first report on P. fortunei miRNAs and their target genes under salt stress. The results provided information at the physiological and molecular levels for further research into the response mechanisms of P. fortunei to salt stress.