Abstract
Paulownia is a native fast-growing tree in China that has been introduced into many countries. However, it is often infected by Paulownia witches’ broom (PaWB) disease, which can lead to large declines in yield. PaWB is caused by a phytoplasma that is an obligate biotrophic plant pathogen. Until now, the molecular mechanisms of interactions between the host plants and the phytoplasma have not been clear. In previous studies, it was reported that PaWB-infected Paulownia exhibited healthy morphology after being treated with methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) at the concentration of 20 mg·L−1 (for Paulownia tomentosa (PT) and Paulownia fortunei (PF) or 15 mg·L−1 (for P. tomentosa × P. fortunei) MMS. In this study, the whole transcriptome expression profile of PaWB-infected Paulownia was studied using high-throughput sequencing technology. In total, 74 significantly differentially expressed genes were detected among three species of healthy, PaWB-infected Paulownia, and the Paulownia treated with MMS. We identified and analyzed genes related to the roles of phytohormones and alternative splicing events involved in regulating plant growth. In response to phytoplasma infection, the concentrations of the plants’ phytohormones were altered, leading to morphology transformation. This research will provide valuable information to detect the molecular mechanisms involved in the Paulownia response to phytoplasma infection.
Highlights
Paulownia, a native species in China, has been cultivated for more than 2000 years
The proportion of the clean reads which mapped to the reference genome is shown in the nine libraries, the percentage of adapter reads was smallest (0.00%) in the P. fortunei (PF), P. fortunei (PFI), and PFI-20
The clean reads and the lowest percentage that mapped to the reference genome were from the PFI library highest percentage of clean reads and the lowest percentage that mapped to the reference genome and PTI-20 library, respectively
Summary
A native species in China, has been cultivated for more than 2000 years. The widespread occurrence of Paulownia witches’ broom (PaWB) disease has led to large economic losses. More than 1000 plant species have been impacted by the phytoplasma all over the world, including jujube, mulberry, sweet potato, and Paulownia [4,5,6,7]. Phytoplasmas are cell wall-less prokaryotes and are highly diverse in genome structure and content. They belong to the class Mollicutes, and primarily inhabit nutrient-rich phloem sieve elements in plants and are transmitted by phloem-feeding Hemiptera insects such as Cicadellidae (leadhoppers), Psylla (psyllids), and Fulgoridae (planthhoppers) [8,9]. The bacteria invasive inhabitants of both plants and insects and require these
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