Service Patterns Research Articles

Engagement With Mental Health Services Among Survivors of Firearm Injury

Despite the prevalence of posttraumatic stress symptoms after firearm injury, little is known about how firearm injury survivors connect with mental health services. To determine facilitators and barriers to mental health care engagement among firearm injury survivors. A qualitative study of 1-on-1, semistructured interviews conducted within a community setting in Indianapolis, Indiana, between June 2021 and January 2022. Participants were recruited via community partners and snowball sampling. Participants who survived an intentional firearm injury, were shot within Indianapolis, were aged 13 years or older, and were English speaking were eligible. Participants were asked to discuss their lives after firearm injury, the emotional consequences of their injury, and their utilization patterns of mental health services. Data were analyzed from August 2022 to June 2023. Survivors' lived experience after firearm injury, sources of emotional support, mental health utilization, and their desired engagement with mental health care after firearm injury. A total of 18 participants (17 were Black [94%], 16 were male [89%], and 14 were aged between 13 and 24 years [77%]) who survived a firearm injury were interviewed. Survivors described family members, friends, and informal networks as their main source of emotional support. Barriers to mental health care utilization were perceived as a lack of benefit to services, distrust in practitioners, and fear of stigma. Credible messengers served as facilitators to mental health care. Survivors also described the emotional impact their shooting had on their families, particularly mothers, partners, and children. In this study of survivors of firearm injury, findings illustrated the consequences of stigma and fear when seeking mental health care, inadequate trusted resources, and the need for awareness of and access to mental health resources for family members and communities most impacted by firearm injury. Future studies should evaluate whether community capacity building, digital health delivery, and trauma-informed public health campaigns could overcome these barriers to mitigate the emotional trauma of firearm injuries to reduce health disparities and prevent future firearm violence.

IMPLEMENTASI DAN PENGARUH INOVASI PELAYANAN PUBLIK GO DIGITAL PADA DINAS KEPENDUDUKAN DAN PENCATATAN SIPIL KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO

The dynamics and developments in the globalization era followed by the use of information technology require that public service patterns in all sectors of life undergo adjustments, both human resources, mechanisms and innovations to produce maximum public service products for the community. Law Number 24 of 2013 concerning amendments to Law Number 23 of 2006 concerning Population Administration has mandated that the Government take an active role in population administration services.This service approach is a form of providing easy, fast and free services according to the slogan of population administration services. It is expected that easy, fast and free services are not just slogans, but efforts must be made to be realized in every population document service at the Regency/City Population and Civil Registration Office, especially in Probolinggo Regency. This is because the service of population documents is one of the obligatory matters that fall under the authority of the Regional Government. However, until now the population document service is still considered poor by the community, although sometimes the fault is not solely with the Dukcapil service.

Examining Utilization of an Outpatient Telenutrition Service Across Primary Care Clinics in South Carolina.

Introduction: Limited research exists on outpatient telenutrition, and more evidence is needed on service utilization and program evaluation. This study explored service utilization trends and patterns of the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) Outpatient Telehealth Nutrition (OT Nutrition) service. Methods: De-identified patient service utilization data were obtained from MUSC's OT Nutrition administrative files (2012-2020). Service utilization (referrals, visits scheduled, consultations, no-shows, no-show rate) was measured at the clinic level and stratified by patient type (adult/pediatric) and clinic rurality (rural/urban). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a K-means cluster analysis. Results: Service utilization (2012-2020) reflected 6,212 referrals, 3,993 visits scheduled, and 2,880 consultations across 56 clinics. Yearly utilization trends showed high variability with no statistically significant differences observed on univariate comparisons of patient type or clinic rurality. The introduction of the Direct-To-Consumer modality mitigated a 36.7% decrease in consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Results of a K-means cluster analysis (p < 0.001) indicated 7% (n = 4) of clinics were very high and high utilizers, 36% (n = 21) were moderate and low utilizers, and 53% (n = 31) were very low utilizers. Discussion: Telenutrition can be delivered effectively to patients without requiring travel outside patients' medical homes or residences. Although continued advocacy is necessary for South Carolina to expand telenutrition coverage, more research is needed to evaluate the OT Nutrition service. Cluster analysis is an effective tool for identifying statistically significant groupings of clinics based on service utilization and could be used with implementation science in future program evaluation.

Presenting a Comprehensive Definition of Unnecessary Healthcare Services and Their Drivers: A Systematic Review and Meta-synthesis.

Providing unnecessary healthcare services is a major common problem in every health system. The scope and cause of healthcare services must be identified in order to be managed and controlled. Finding the most complete definition of the problem and its causes are the goals of this meta-synthesis. A comprehensive search strategy was performed using a wide range of keywords and databases. Based on the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 articles were selected for content analysis and meta-synthesis. The Graneheim and Lundman method was used for content analysis. The MAXQDA software Version 18.2.0 was used for the first round of content analysis. Content analysis and meta-synthesis were used to comprehensively define the term "unnecessary healthcare services" and find the etiologic factors driving healthcare providers to unnecessary healthcare services. The term "unnecessary healthcare services" is defined as "overproviding healthcare services that could be harmful, low-value, insufficient, and inappropriate." The etiologic pattern of unnecessary healthcare services shows intrinsic and extrinsic factors as a driving force for unnecessary healthcare services. A multilayer strategy for efficient management and prevention of unnecessary healthcare services is appropriate due to the multifaceted character of these services. This approach consists of the modification of the intrinsic factors and extrinsic drivers.

Utilization Patterns of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Care Services: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Background: Despite the implementation of various maternal health programs and schemes at both regional and national levels in Pakistan, maternal mortalities and morbidity remain significantly high. This suggests that maternal health services are being underutilized. Aim: This current study focuses on assessing the utilization patterns of maternal health services and the factors associated with their utilization in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted over one year (2021-2022) among mothers aged 15 to 49 years in the field practice area of DHQ Rawalpindi. The minimum required sample size was determined as 645. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique from a randomized list of villages. Data was collected through home visits, utilizing a pretested, standardized questionnaire. In the analysis, the significance of associations between variables was established at P&lt;0.05. Results: Among the 645 potential participants, 632 provided consent for inclusion in the study. Only 58.3% of participants received any Antenatal Care (ANC), and a mere 11.7% received full ANC services. More than half of the participants (52.7%) had experienced pregnancy-related complications. Variables such as younger age and limited decision-making capacity were significantly associated with the lack of full ANC services (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: This study highlights that a woman’s age, literacy status, parity, socioeconomic status, and occupation are major determinants influencing the utilization of maternal health care services. These determinants should be taken into account when planning future interventions aimed at promoting attitudinal changes and, consequently, enhancing the utilization of maternal health care services.

Understanding driving mechanisms behind the supply-demand pattern of ecosystem services for land-use administration: Insights from a spatially explicit analysis

Uncovering the highly complex driving mechanisms behind ecosystem services (ESs) supply-demand matching relationships is of great significance for achieving sustainable eco-environment and land planning. Unfortunately, the effects within this process are still inadequate and spatially explicit knowledge of the surplus-deficit status for multiple ESs remain under-researched. The study area is the Bairin Left Banner, located in North East of China. In detail, a comprehensive framework was proposed to fill this research gap by coupling the assessment of ESs supply-demand, spatial correlations and driving analysis. The results showed that: (1) the surplus for all ESs was dominant in northern mountains covered with forests whereas deficit was observed in southern urban areas. Specifically, the spatially mismatched supply-demand pattern for habitat quality and carbon storage was predominant while that relation for soil conservation and water yield was spatially aligned in general. (2) the relationships between ESs supply and demand were affected by different socio-ecological factors with positive effects from natural drivers while negative influences from social factors on the whole. The supply-demand matching degrees for habitat quality and water yield were more susceptible to slope and population density. Precipitation and vegetation were proved to be dominant factors for controlling surplus of soil conservation while the supply-demand pattern for carbon storage was mainly affected by vegetation and population. (3) The results of multi-scale geographically weighted regression showed its superiority with more accurate estimations compared to traditional methods. Drastic human activities would adversely affect ESs supply-demand matching while abundant precipitation coupled with more vegetation could create favorable conditions for forming surplus ESs status. Based on these new findings, some land planning and eco-environment management measures were suggested to achieve the supply-demand coordination of various ESs in arid regions. The proposed framework could deliver deeper insights into the field of ESs supply-demand analysis and the targeted proposals were also valuable for policymaking worldwide.

Spatial pattern and driving factors of cropland ecosystem services in a major grain-producing region: A production-living-ecology perspective

Exploring the spatial patterns and driving factors of cropland ecosystem services and the production-living-ecology are essential to implementing spatial zoning management and optimization, especially in major grain-producing regions. In this study, we first developed an evaluation system for evaluating the production-living-ecology of cropland ecosystem services in the Jianghan Plain (JHP). We then revealed the spatial patterns of various cropland ecosystem services and integrated production-living-ecology index based on multi-source data. Additionally, we employed the regionalization with dynamically constrained agglomerative clustering and partitioning algorithm (REDCAP) to delineate agricultural function zones. Finally, we used redundancy analysis to reveal the driving factors of each functional zone. Results indicated that (1) high habitat quality, soil retention, and carbon storage services exhibited spatial similarity in 2020, with the spatial pattern of high in the west and low in the east, water conservation services showed an opposite distribution pattern, while culture and recreation services of high value were concentrated in the northern part, and high grain production was observed in the southern region. Overall, the production-living-ecology index displayed a north–south spatial distribution, with higher values in the north and lower values in the south. (2) based on the spatial zoning results of the production-living-ecology index, the six functional zones were identified, including zones of the production cropland, ecology cropland, ecology and living cropland, production and ecology cropland, production and living cropland and production-living-ecology cropland. (3) the production-living-ecology index and various ecosystem services were mainly influenced by population density, night light and evaporation in the JHP, and trade-offs were observed between the production function, and other functions as well as the production-living-ecology index in each functional zone of cropland ecosystems. The findings hold significant implications for the sustainable development of major grain-producing regions.

An analysis of patterns of public engagement in China's community micro-rehabilitation projects: A case study of Guangzhou

With the development of inventory planning and the contradiction between land supply and demand, urban renewal development has been gradually replacing reconstruction in China's community redevelopment projects. Such projects need multiple stakeholders' engagement. However, China's patterns of public engagement with top-down governance are different from those in developed countries with bottom-up initiatives. This fact also indicates that such developed patterns are not suitable for the context of China. Meanwhile, research on micro rehabilitation is relatively new and requires further analytical work on development pattern analysis. Therefore, the protagonist status of different stakeholders and allowing them to participate in redevelopment projects are social issues that need to be solved urgently. This paper explores patterns of public engagement in community micro-rehabilitation projects in China. Eleven communities in Guangzhou are taken as cases through participatory observation, document analysis, and interviews. This paper analyses opinions and comments from different stakeholders and summarises their information delivery paths. The findings indicate four present patterns: single-threaded, representative feedback, property involvement, and external party service patterns. Through comparative analysis, the study highlights that the participating stakeholders in the four patterns involved the projects to different degrees. However, they are all still in the "Tokenism" degree, which is in the middle category of the ladder of engagement. Furthermore, an appropriate and sustainable pattern is put forward to provide a reference and research basis for improving public engagement in community micro-rehabilitation projects in China.

Analisis Sistem Antrian pada Pelayanan Customer Service (Studi Kasus: PT Bank BRI Cabang Raha)

Analisis Sistem Antrian pada Pelayanan Customer Service (Studi Kasus: PT Bank BRI Cabang Raha)

The Daily Patterns of Emergency Medical Events.

This study examines population-level daily patterns of time-stamped emergency medical service (EMS) dispatches to establish their situational predictability. Using visualization, sinusoidal regression, and statistical tests to compare empirical cumulative distributions, we analyzed 311,848,450 emergency medical call records from the US National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS) for years 2010 through 2022. The analysis revealed a robust daily pattern in the hourly distribution of distress calls across 33 major categories of medical emergency dispatch types. Sinusoidal regression coefficients for all types were statistically significant, mostly at the p < 0.0001 level. The coefficient of determination ranged from 0.84 and 0.99 for all models, with most falling in the 0.94 to 0.99 range. The common sinusoidal pattern, peaking in mid-afternoon, demonstrates that all major categories of medical emergency dispatch types appear to be influenced by an underlying daily rhythm that is aligned with daylight hours and common sleep/wake cycles. A comparison of results with previous landmark studies revealed new and contrasting EMS patterns for several long-established peak occurrence hours-specifically for chest pain, heart problems, stroke, convulsions and seizures, and sudden cardiac arrest/death. Upon closer examination, we also found that heart attacks, diagnosed by paramedics in the field via 12-lead cardiac monitoring, followed the identified common daily pattern of a mid-afternoon peak, departing from prior generally accepted morning tendencies. Extended analysis revealed that the normative pattern prevailed across the NEMSIS data when reorganized to consider monthly, seasonal, daylight-savings versus civil time, and pre-/post-COVID-19 periods. The predictable daily EMS patterns provide impetus for more research that links daily variation with causal risk and protective factors. Our methods are straightforward and presented with detail to provide accessible and replicable implementation for researchers and practitioners.

Use of CT, ED presentation and hospitalisations 12 months before and after a diagnosis of cancer in Western Australia: a population-based retrospective cohort study

ObjectiveTo examine the use of CT, emergency department (ED)-presentation and hospitalisation and in 12 months before and after a diagnosis of cancer.DesignPopulation-based retrospective cohort study.SettingWest Australian linked administrative records at...

Cossackhood in Contemporary Russia: Attaining Social Status

In contemporary Russian society, a transformation of the social structure is taking place. The formation of the Cossack social group is an important aspect of this process. The revival of this social group throughout the post-Soviet period has led to polarised interpretations, ranging from characterising Cossacks as &amp;amp;quot;costumed&amp;amp;quot; individuals to being bearers of Russian military cultural traditions in modern society. The significance of the social status of Cossacks is amplified in the face of modern geopolitical challenges and the Russian society's search for its own identity.&#x0D; The aim of this article is to determine the foundations of Cossack group formation and the expectations that, from the Cossacks' perspective, are necessary for the preservation and strengthening of the group. The methodological framework of the study is based on the ideas of actor-network theory by B. Latour. The empirical research hypothesis posits that the process of Cossack group formation has undergone several stages, from recreating elements of folk culture to implementing the historical Cossack service function into the life of modern society with blurred boundaries between social strata. The involvement of Cossack military societies in the Special Military Operation has influenced the adaptation of cultural patterns related to the Cossack service function. The hypothesis was tested using a mass survey through questionnaire methods in thirteen Cossack military societies. The survey results show that the majority of Cossacks, including some non-registered Cossacks, support the main directions of the State Policy Strategy regarding the Cossacks. However, Cossacks' expectations from the state include the adaptation of traditional Cossack military service patterns to the conditions of modern society and the requirements of military service. The readiness of Cossacks to move in this direction is evident in the formation of voluntary Cossack units participating in the Special Military Operation. Nevertheless, this grassroots initiative of Cossack societies requires state resources as the dominant actor in the Cossack revival process. These resources include the establishment of Cossack units in accordance with the tradition of Cossack military service within the structure of the National Guard, a different approach to the education of youth in Cossack schools with a stronger military component, and the re-establishment of traditional Cossack camps for regular military training of registered Cossacks, among other things. Such service activities by registered Cossacks will also require the development of corresponding preferences and privileges for registered Cossacks.

Hourly Associations between Heat Index and Heat-Related Emergency Medical Service (EMS) Calls in Austin-Travis County, Texas.

This paper aims to investigate the following research questions: (1) what are the hourly patterns of heat index and heat-related emergency medical service (EMS) incidents during summertime?; and (2) how do the lagged effects of heat intensity and hourly excess heat (HEH) vary by heat-related symptoms? Using the hourly weather and heat-related EMS call data in Austin-Travis County, Texas, this paper reveals the relationship between heat index patterns on an hourly basis and heat-related health issues and evaluates the immediate health effects of extreme heat events by utilizing a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM). Delving into the heat index intensity and HEH, our findings suggest that higher heat intensity has immediate, short-term lagged effects on all causes of heat-related EMS incidents, including in cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, and non-severe cases, while its relative risk (RR) varies by time. HEH also shows a short-term cumulative lagged effect within 5 h in all-cause, cardiovascular, and non-severe symptoms, while there are no statistically significant RRs found for respiratory and neurological cases in the short term. Our findings could be a reference for policymakers when devoting resources, developing extreme heat warning standards, and optimizing local EMS services, providing data-driven evidence for the effective deployment of ambulances.

Exploring the coupling coordination of urban ecological resilience and new-type urbanization: The case of China’s Chengdu–Chongqing Economic Circle

Reviewing the coupling coordination between urban ecological resilience (UER) and new-type urbanization (NU) has gradually become a necessary condition for understanding the structure and service patterns of urban ecological systems. Discussion on the temporal and spatial coordination evolution in UER and NU in urban agglomerations with different characteristics is beneficial for understanding the operational mechanisms of urban ecosystems. This work constructs a novel evaluation framework for the coupling coordination process between UER and NU, and scientifically measures the performance of each indicator using the entropy method and CRITIC method. By using the coupling coordination degree (CCD) model, this paper explores the spatio-temporal effects of the relationship between UER and NU, which has narrowed the cognitive gap. Using the Chengdu–Chongqing Economic Circle in China as an example, the validity and practicality of the framework are verified. The results show that the CCD between UER and NU generally shows a rapid growth trend with time and tends to be balanced; and the development patterns of CCD in urban agglomerations show significant spatial differences influenced by factors such as location advantage, natural resources, and human social activities. These results and findings can provide decision-making information reference for urban ecological system services, urban livability, and government planning.

Optimising the flight turnaround schedules: An improved sliding time windows approach based on MILP and CP models

This paper addresses the scheduling of turnaround operations for flights in civil airports. A series of complex issues, including the heterogeneity of flights and operators, resource constraints on turnaround operations, temporal restrictions and alternative service patterns of turnaround operations, multi-functional operators, multi-trip services and multi-to-one services, are jointedly considered. We propose two formulations for the problem: A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model, and a constraint programming (CP) model. For comparison purpose, we also present simplified versions of the models in which the multi-to-one services are prohibited. The uncertainty are incorporated by modifying the models based on robust optimisation principles. The numerical experiments are conducted using instances generated based on real flight data at Beijing Capital International Airport. It is shown that under current computer configurations, small-scale instances can be solved to the optimum by CPLEX within an acceptable period of time using the MILP model, while moderate-scale instances can be tackled using the CP formulation. To cope with large-scale instances, an improved sliding time window method is developed, and evaluated with different parameter combinations, showing that practical turnaround schedule would best be updated two to three times per hour. Besides, after a case study in both static and stochastic scenarios, we illustrate that multi-to-one services should be specifically considered and highlighted, for their existence could significantly improve the operator utilisation rate and reduce flight delay, especially when the uncertainties are taken into account.

Social disadvantage in early psychosis and its effect on clinical presentation and service access, engagement and use

Incidence of psychosis varies geographically due to factors such as social disadvantage. Whether this influences the clinical presentation and/or engagement of those experiencing psychosis remains relatively understudied. This study analysed data from young people across Australia accessing ultra-high risk (UHR) or first episode psychosis (FEP) services delivered through the headspace Early Psychosis (hEP) program between June 2017 and March 2021. The cohort was categorised into low, middle, and high tertiles of social disadvantage using the Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage (IRSD). Data from 3089 participants aged 15–25 were included (1515 UHR, 1574 FEP). The low and middle tertiles for both cohorts had greater percentages of those not in education or employment (NEET), with First Nations or culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Clinical presentations to services were similar across all tertiles in both cohorts, however, functioning at presentation varied significantly within the FEP cohort. Significantly lower numbers of direct services were provided in the low tertile of both cohorts, with significantly poorer engagement in the initial three-months also occurring for these young people. This variation in early psychosis service patterns associated with geographical variation in social deprivation demonstrates the need for further research and fine tuning of national early psychosis services.

Spatio-temporal variation of landscape pattern and the response of windbreak and sand fixation service in Hexi corridor of northern sand fixation belt.

Landscape pattern, an important factor affecting the supply and maintenance of ecosystem services, is the basis for the healthy and stable regional ecosystem and the optimal decision of land use. Taking the Hexi Corridor in the northern sand fixation belt as the study area, we quantified and analyzed the temporal and spatial variations and response relationship between landscape pattern and windbreak and sand fixation services during 2000-2020 by using the software Fragstats 4.2, the revised wind erosion equation and the spatial autocorrelation method. The results showed that, the landscape pattern of land use types changed obviously in the study area during 2000-2020, mainly from Gobi to cultivated land and from grassland to cultivated land, and that the landscape pattern tended to be diversified, heterogeneous, and fragmented. The spatial pattern of windbreak and sand fixation services was generally characterized by "high in southeast and low in northwest", with the amount of windbreak and sand fixation increasing at first and then decreasing. The windbreak and sand fixation capacity was higher in cultivated land and grassland and lower in the bare land and construction land. Shannon's diversity index, patch density and landscape shape index were all positively correlated with windbreak and sand fixation services, while mean patch size was negatively correlated with it. Our results indicated that the increases of landscape heterogeneity, the more uniform distribution, the more patches and the more complex landscape shape had a promoting effect on windbreak and sand fixation services in the Hexi corridor of the northern sand fixation belt with Gobi Desert as the dominant landscape.

IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE REGISTRATION E-COURT AT INDONESIA RELIGIOUS COURTS

The purpose of this study is to know the pattern of service at the Barru Religious Court Office during the Covid-19 pandemic and the implementation of online case registration E-Court of physical distancing at the Religious Court Office during the pandemic. This qualitative research include observation, interviews, documentation. Data analysis involve data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drafting. The result shows the implementation used in the registration of the first case is online case registration, the second is to get a down-payment interpretation online, the third can make online payments, the fourth can conduct trials online (litigation), the fifth can view calls online, and the sixth can make decisions online. The case registration E-Court has been carried out following PERMA No.1 of 2019 about the electronic case of registration. In particular, at a time when Indonesians are growing more concerned about the Covid-19 virus outbreak, this PERMA is extremely appropriate to be carried out.

A comparative study of Non-Colour Bank segment among leading paint brands in Asansol market

The Indian paint industry is one of the fastest growing ones in the country, maintaining double digit growth rates over the last few years, primarily due to shift in consumption patterns of the decorative paints. However, the Non-Colour Bank (NCB) segment consisting of enamels, primers, thinners, are not showing similar growth patterns, and is dominated by one firm. This study investigates the Availability, On-time delivery, Incentive schemes, and Customer Service pattern of Non-Colour Bank (NCB) products of Asian Paints Ltd., the market leader, and Other Brands, primarily including Berger Paints Ltd. in the Asansol Municipal Corporation area. The results will help Berger Paints, the market follower, to be aware of its position in the market while also assist other firms in finding out the lacunae regarding various NCB products in Asansol area in order to compete and have a strategic edge over other paint brands in the survey area.

Sustainable land use scenarios generated by optimizing ecosystem distribution based on temporal and spatial patterns of ecosystem services in the southern China hilly region

Urban expansion and inappropriate land uses in the southern China hilly region have caused a decline in the regional ecosystem services capacity. The exploration of regional ecosystem services under the principle of protecting and improving ecological functions is essential for optimizing land use. Therefore, we determined the ecosystem service value (ESV) in the southern China hilly region from 2000 to 2020 and attempted to analyse the drivers that caused these changes. The ESV decreased from 2000 to 2005 and then increased from 2005 to 2020, with the changes being correlated with changes in regional precipitation, temperature, GDP, and population density. We optimized the land use in 2035 based on these results and conducted simulation experiments to optimize the spatial pattern in three future scenarios: business as usual scenario (BUS), coordinated development scenario (CDS), and ecological priority scenario (EPS). The highest ESV was achieved in the EPS, followed by the CDS, and the lowest ESV was in the BUS. An optimized CDS was regarded as the most feasible approach for the future because it could effectively balance the synergistic relationships between social and ecological factors. The results are a practical scientific resource for future planning and the study provides a feasible method for the implementation of a national ecological protection strategy in the southern China hilly region.