Household Consumption Patterns Research Articles

Proporsi Konsumsi Rumah Tangga Pembudidaya Ikan Patin (Pangasius sp.) di Kecamatan Talang Kelapa Kabupaten Banyuasin

The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics and comparison of the level of household food consumption of catfish (Pangasius sp.) farmer’s in Talang Kelapa District. Determination of the location was done intentionally (purposive). The research sample was taken using the accidental sampling method. There are 17 groups of consumption catfish farmers at Talang Kelapa District while only 7 groups focus on catfish culture with a total of 82 people so the sample is 20 people. The data used include primary data and secondary data. Data were analyzed descriptively qualitative and quantitative descriptive. Researchers used qualitative methods by analyzing the characteristics of each respondent. The proportion of household consumption of catfish farmers was analyzed using tabulation. The results showed that respondents aged between 29-52 years, had an average number of family members of 3 people and the highest level of education at the elementary school level. The household consumption pattern of Catfish Farmers (Pangasius sp.) at Talang Kelapa District are dominated by non-food consumption which is Rp.2,851,000/month while food consumption is only Rp.987,361.11. This is indicated by the percentage of food consumption by 25.73% and non-food consumption by 74.27%.

Differences across countries and time in household expenditure patterns: implications for the estimation of equivalence scales

ABSTRACT When comparing economic well-being using income or expenditures, an equivalence scale is often used to adjust for differences in characteristics that affect needs. For example, a family of two is assumed to need more income than a single person, but not twice as much due to the economies of scale in consumption. In this study, we ask whether it is appropriate to use a common equivalence scale when comparing economic well-being across countries and/or time if consumption expenditure patterns differ? Based on an Engel methodology, we estimate equivalence scales for a diverse set of countries (Canada, France, Israel, Poland, South Africa, Switzerland, Taiwan, United States) in different time periods (1999–2012). We find considerable differences in economies of scale across countries, as well as increases over time. Notably, we find that economies of scale are larger than those implied by the widely accepted ‘square root of household size’ equivalence scale. Our results indicate that using a common equivalence scale to compare economic well-being across countries and/or time is misleading. Specifically, if economies of scale are understated (as is the case when using the ‘square root of household size’), the relative poverty experienced by larger versus smaller families is being overstated.

Impact of Micro Finance on Household Expenditure Pattern of Rural Women Borrowers: An Empirical Analysis

Impact of Micro Finance on Household Expenditure Pattern of Rural Women Borrowers: An Empirical Analysis

Meanings and attitudes regarding education and household spending priorities of the new middle-class families in Brazil

This study investigates how meanings ascribed to education influence lower-income parents on investing (or not) in their children’s education, and how this in turn influences family expenditures and consumption priorities. Based on 62 ethnographic interviews with individuals who had ascended from poverty to the lower fractions of the Brazilian urban middle-class, we examine differences within a relatively homogeneous fraction in terms of social status and income. Three distinct groups emerged: (1) parents who live in the favelas (slums) and see school as an agent to keep children away from deviant behaviours, (2) parents who live in the favelas and invest in education as an enabler of upwards social mobility, and (3) parents from less affluent suburbs who pay for private education to keep their children from interacting with bad influences outside the territory. Even in socially segregated territories, meanings were shaped less by parents’ amount and composition of cultural and economic capitals, and more by their own experiences with the educational system and access to positive role models (or lack thereof). It appears that the meanings attached to education end up defining family expenditures, family budget and important consumption trade-offs. In addition, our findings reveal a subtle, fine-grained mechanism of distinction based on school choice among the class fraction’s members. We draw on Wilson’s social isolation theory to show how parents of similar economic and cultural capital, and who were socialized in a similar cultural milieu, ascribe different meanings to education, and the resulting differences in household consumption patterns. We thus offer insights on the different reproduction mechanisms at play within an economically disadvantaged social fraction that had moved from poverty to the lower urban middle-class in Brazil.

Signal Piloted Processing of the Smart Meter Data for Effective Appliances Recognition

The installation of smart meters is fast growing to effectively support various smart grid stack holders. Collection and processing of fine-grained metering data is important for proper analysis and decision support. The traditional smart meters are based on standardized and time-invariant tactics to acquire and process the data. This results in the collection, storage, and processing of a huge amount of unneeded data. The focus of this paper is to enhance the contemporary smart meters data acquisition and processing chains. The objective is to attain real-time compression and computational effectiveness to enhance the system performance in terms of data analysis, storage and transmission and to diminish its consumption overhead. In this framework, the signal-piloted event-driven sampling and processing tactics are exploited. The novel adaptive rate techniques are used for data segmentation and extraction of features. Household appliances consumption patterns related features are being classified subsequently. It is realized by employing the mature K-Nearest Neighbor and the Artificial Neural Network classifiers. Results demonstrate a 3.8-fold compression gain and computational effectiveness of the designed solution over traditional counterpart while securing the best classification accuracy of 94.4% for the 6-class appliances dataset.

Differences across Place and Time in Household Expenditure Patterns: Implications for the Estimation of Equivalence Scales

When comparing economic well-being using income or expenditures, an equivalence scale is often used to adjust for differences in characteristics that affect needs. For example, a family of two is assumed to need more income than a single person, but not twice as much due to the economies of scale in consumption. In this study, we ask whether it is appropriate to use a common equivalence scale when comparing economic well-being across countries and/or time if consumption expenditure patterns differ?Based on an Engel methodology, we estimate equivalence scales for a diverse set of countries (Canada, France, Israel, Poland, South Africa, Switzerland, Taiwan, United States) in different time periods (1999-2012). We find considerable differences in economies of scale across countries, as well as increases over time. Notably, we find that economies of scale are larger than those implied by the widely accepted 'square root of household size' equivalence scale.Our results indicate that using a common equivalence scale to compare economic well-being across countries and/or time is misleading. Specifically, if economies of scale are understated (as is the case when using the 'square root of household size'), the relative poverty experienced by larger versus smaller families is being overstated.

Income and Consumption Pattern in the Slum Area of Siliguri Municipal Corporation: A Comparative Study of Inner and Outer Slum Dwellers

Slum areas are basically the urban areas which are deprived of various amenities and necessities required for the well-being of its residents. The sufferings of the inhabitants of these areas are mainly in three broad aspects - physical, social and economic. The paper portrays the economic situation of the slum dwellers of Siliguri Municipal Corporation (SMC) area of West Bengal and its impact on the living conditions of slum dwellers of this area. The income and consumption pattern of the slum households of this area is presented in the paper. In order to get a better picture of the living conditions of the slum dwellers, the total slum area of SMC has been divided into inner slum and outer slum and an attempt has been made to find out whether the inner slum dwellers or the outer slum dwellers have better living conditions.

Quantifying the Economic Cost of Reducing GHG Emissions through Changes in Household Demand: A Linear Multi-Sectoral Approach for European Countries

The mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions can be approached in various ways: from the supply side, by using improvements in technologies and input uses; and from the changes in the demand for products, by influencing consumer behavior to achieve a more sustainable consumption pattern. Either way it can be approached using multi-sectoral data based on an input–output or on a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) framework, although a suitable database and the proposal of appropriate indicators are needed. A suitable database is developed through the estimation of new SAMs for the latest possible period, that of year 2015. This paper focuses on the demand approach: that of changes in the demand for products. It analyzes the different impacts among activities and commodities of a change in domestic household consumption patterns, compares the potential reductions in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions obtained through the reduction of specific demands, and considers the consequent reduction in output and employment. For this purpose, a linear multi-sectoral analysis is employed that focuses on the main EU member states. Despite major differences between countries, the results show that a decrease in emissions through demand-reduction policies exerts greater negative effects on those less polluting sectors with a higher intensity in the labor force, and offers a more suitable option for those highly polluting sectors with a lower concentration of the work factor. Richer countries that are based on service sectors therefore suffer a sharper drop in employment using this kind of policy.

Is there a difference between the poor and non-poor? A disaggregated demand analysis for fish in Bangladesh

This study examines the fish consumption pattern of households in Bangladesh. We use data of the national Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) to develop a demand model disaggregated by fish types and income groups. We apply a two-step censored regression model to estimate the price and income elasticities. Results show that poor and non-poor households consume similar types of fish. However, poor households rely more on fish as their primary source of animal protein. As income increases, the fish consumption of the poor rises more than for the non-poor. Additionally, fish price increase will lead to a deterioration of their nutritional conditions. In terms of fish species, the study finds that carps, pangasius, barbs and tilapia, mainly sourced from aquaculture, and small catfish, mainly sourced from capture fisheries, are the most frequently consumed fish species for the households in Bangladesh. The paper also finds that aquaculture has good potential to compensate for the decline of fish supply from inland capture fisheries.

Energy consumption pattern and indoor thermal environment of residential building in rural China

With the continuous deepening of China's rural construction and development, people's living conditions are improved day by day, while accompanied by energy and environment crisis issues. This paper mainly analyzes the energy consumption pattern and the indoor environment of rural households in China and discusses the energy-saving optimization strategies for improving the thermal environment of buildings. Questionnaire surveys and field surveys were conducted in three villages in Guanghan, China. The measurement results show that the annual indoor temperature range of the region in the summer is 15–31 °C and the relative humidity range is 34%-96%. The average indoor temperatures in summer and winter are 28 °C and 16 °C respectively. The indoor thermal environment of rural buildings is usually poor and cannot meet the requirements of Chinese standards. At the same time, the architectural design and energy consumption pattern of rural households are different from those in urban areas as countryside has unique characteristics. Finally, we put forward certain energy-saving improvement measures at the end of the article.

Nilai Tukar Petani dan Pola Konsumsi Rumah Tangga (Studi Kasus: Petani Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura di Kecamatan Sabak Timur Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur)

The structure of household expenditure describe the purchasing power of households. For farmer households, their purchasing power is reflected in the exchange rate of the farmers (NTP). NTP describe the higher purchasing power is also higher, which will influence the consumption patterns of farmers.This study aims to: 1) describe the characteristics of farmers, 2) calculate the exchange rate farmers (NTP) and 3) to analyze the pattern of household consumption and horticulture crop farmers in the Eastern District of Muara Sabak. Primary data type with purposive sampling method, were analyzed with descriptive methods in the form of table distibusi frequency and cross tabulation. The results showed: 1) 82.5%farmers belonging to the productive age, the program received by farmers only PAJALELE program, the number of household members mostly 3-4 people and no one including smallholders to own property ownership status of more than 50%. Crops planted by farmers are rice, corn and beans (soy and peanut) and horticultural chili, cucumber, beans, cabbage, eggplant, kale, dragon fruit and litchi. A total of 95% had a second job, the main income of the average farmer Rp. 14,453,162 per growing season or Rp. 3,613,290.5 per month, the average revenue side Rp.2.658.667; 2)NTP did not show a significant difference to household NTP (NTPRP) respectively are 1.47045 and 1.67339 with NTP value distributions for each respondent so lame; 3) The consumption pattern comprising farmers of food and non food consumption in which the average number of non-food consumption is greater than consumption of food. Food consumption is dominated by rice, while non contribute most to the consumption of processed foods. Consumption expenditure for transportation of proportion is highest among the other non-food consumption. Advisable to socialize and educate farmers about the smart and healthy consumption patterns that consumption of great benefit to the quality of human resources and increase agricultural production.

Labor-Market Wedge under Engel Curve Utility: Cyclical Substitution between Necessities and Luxuries

In booms, households substitute luxuries for necessities, e.g., food away from home for food at home. This cyclical pattern of composition changes in the consumption basket has the potential to reduce the volatility of measures of the labor-market wedge, the gap between the marginal rate of substitution and the real wage. Based on household expenditure patterns from the Consumer Expenditure Survey, we show that this composition bias has only a limited impact on the measured labor-market wedge, accounting for 6 percent to 16 percent of its cyclical volatility.

How Does the Composition of Asset Portfolios Affect Household Consumption: Evidence from China Based on Micro Data

To pursue sustainable and balanced economic development, it is urgent to transform the economic development models from investment-driven to consumption-led. Factors underlying the consumption pattern of households in China, especially the rising wealth and its impact, deserve special attention from both policy makers and academic researchers. This paper aims to investigate how asset portfolios, consisting of housing asset, financial asset, production asset, durable asset, and vehicle asset affect consumption behavior based on household panel data. It is proved that the composition of asset portfolios significantly affects consumption of households. Asset levels and asset prices have positive influences on household consumption. Furthermore, various household assets have different impacts on household consumption patterns, divided into living type, developing type, and enjoying type of consumption, especially there is a larger wealth effect on developing type of consumption. More importantly, it shows a pattern of urban and rural dual economic structure. The disparity is even higher from a wealth perspective. The availability to wealth is of great importance. Therefore, the findings suggest inclusive financial reforms to create conditions for promoting property income and facilitating financial capacity of households, which is necessary for policy formation of Chinese economic transition.

Household electricity usage optimization using MPC and mixed integer programming

Abstract This paper discusses the control of the electric energy consumption in a household equipped with smart devices. The household consumption pattern is the result of a two-level optimization framework. The scheduling of the electric appliances is determined by the first optimization, receiving Time of Use tariffs proposed by the utility company. The scheduler considers the consumer's preferences on the powering on for each appliance. Secondly a model predictive controller is developed to control the electric heating system based on energy constraints resulting from the appliance scheduling. Simulations show the energy efficiency and an optimized electricity cost of the strategy proposed.

Analysis of household food expenditure patterns. A case of Shamva district Zimbabwe

The study was designed to analyse the food expenditure patterns of smallholder farming households. Income and expenditure data were collected from 281 randomly sampled farming households in Shamva District. Descriptive statistics (mean and frequency) were used to analyse the income sources and main expenditure categories. The Ordinary Least Squares regression was used to model the determinants of household food expenditure. The results indicated cash crop, food crop and livestock sales as the major farm income sources. Remittances, wages, salaries and pensions were the major non-farm income sources. Statistics showed that 64% of the cash income was obtained from farm activities. Food expenditure accounted for over 60% of total expenditure. Household size (p<0.05), dependency ratio (p<0.05) and income (cash crop income, food crop income, livestock income and non-farm income) positively affected household food consumption. Age of household head (p<0.01) negatively affected household expenditure. The research results highlight the need for government to channel more resources towards improving smallholder agricultural productivity as the major household income source to foster demand-led agricultural growth and development in rural areas. By implication, this will similarly help to inform policy makers on appropriate instruments to improve income, food security and wellbeing of the farming households.

Vegetable Consumption Pattern and Health Consciousness of Urban Terrace Garden Farmers

A study was conducted to analyse the vegetable consumption pattern and health consciousness of urban households practicing terrace gardening at their homes. The survey was conducted among randomly selected 90 households in Pune city i.e., Pune Municipal Corporation and Pimpri - Chinchwad Municipal Corporation. The study revealed that among the urban wellers doing terrace gardening, everyone showed either moderate or high level of health consciousness and no one showed low level. The amount of vegetables consumed per household per day was taken in to consideration while collecting details regarding general consumption pattern of vegetables. As per the study, it was found that, 70 per cent were consuming moderate amount of vegetables on daily basis.

Household expenditure patterns in Kuwait

Household expenditure is the second prominent component of GDP for Kuwait, consisting of 43% GDP, and it has been moderately growing for the past decade. It is essential to understand the nature of household expenditure, a fundamental macroeconomic driver with immense significance for policymaking. This paper utilises the latest Kuwait Household Expenditure Survey data to study household expenditure patterns in Kuwait. It examines and compares the variation of household expenditure patterns for nationals (Kuwaitis) and expatriate households over nine different major commodity groups. The paper investigates the patterns of household expenditure and the response of their characteristics on the level of expenditure by employing Heckman two-step estimation method. The results suggest that different factors affect the probability of consuming a commodity and the level of expenditure between the two household groups. Kuwaiti’s expenditure is more responsive to food, housing, communication and recreation commodities and less responsive to clothing, health, transportation and restaurants than expatriates. In general, there is a significant variation of expenditure patterns across all commodities between the two household groups.

Household power consumption pattern modeling through a single power sensor

Increasing concerns about energy shortage and environmental pollution revealed the necessity to fully use the limited electric power. For this purpose, a lot of researches have focus on establishing household power consumption model. Currently, most existing models are setting one sensor for each appliance. However, the prediction precision of such kind of multi-sensors-based models cannot fully satisfy users’ requirements due to the low resolution (frequency sampling). On the other hand, it is still a challenge task to design a Single-Sensor-Based prediction model for power consumption. Because it is difficult to divide the different appliances collected in the same period (parallel appliances) by a single sensor. In this paper, we proposed a Single-Sensor-Based power consumption model. Our model can successfully predict the possible power consumption with HIGH precision. Firstly, by using a single sensor for data collection, a Bayesian based method is proposed to detect and decompose the parallel appliances. Secondly, the prediction precision is greatly improved by using high resolution (our model is 1 s, while existing model is 10 min). Here, a Base & Event Power Consumption Model (BEPC model) is proposed to deal with the complicated data from the high resolution samplings. Finally, in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, several experiments have been carried out through comparing with the ground truth data. Note that, the ground truth data is collected from 90 days consecutive daily life.

Quantification of indirect waste generation and treatment arising from Australian household consumption: A waste input-output analysis

Waste input-output (WIO) model is a suitable method to explore the nexus between economic activities and waste management. Contemporary research that typically explores this nexus follows two main aspects: either they consider Final demand as a whole, or they identify the nexus between households, with different types of socio-demographic indicators and household waste generation. However, it is complex to apply the WIO model from the perspective of household consumption— a major component of Final demand — because of a lack of economic and environmental data related to household consumption. This paper proposes a new perspective, applying the WIO model to assess the nexus between different patterns of household consumption and indirect waste generation and treatment. This novelty is to combine macro- and micro-economic and environmental data related to Australian industrial sectors, different patterns of household consumption (Mosaic data), and direct waste generation into the WIO model for exploring this nexus in two scenarios. Results indicate that the total amount of indirect waste generation caused by B05 (couples without children who spend the majority of their time at the office) are 99.24 kg more than that of D16 (couples without children who are retired and stay at home) for scenario I. The correlation coefficients for differences of output of economy and indirect waste generation between B05 and D16 are 0.9796 and 0.9773 in scenarios I and II, respectively. Sensitivity analysis indicates the change of the amount of direct waste generation in a reasonable range cannot dramatically affect the major economic activities and waste generation. This research suggests a different perspective of household consumption to estimate indirect waste generation through a WIO model to provide more reliable information for waste management in the supply chain.

Milk for Everyone?

ABSTRACT The significance of food in colonial Malayan society went far beyond sustenance. Food reconfigured Malaya’s physical landscape, mediated social difference, accentuated hierarchies, and shaped the textures of everyday thought. These contentions are grounded in a case study of bovine milk, focusing on how different versions were created, processed, traded, consumed, and perceived in Malaya. By analysing bovine milk’s multi-faceted history alongside other important edibles such as breast milk, sugar, rice, and coconut oil, this study investigates the extent to which patterns of agriculture, household consumption, child-rearing, and state intervention changed during Malaya’s colonial period. The social histories surrounding these foodstuffs also indicate that the fundamental drivers of Malayan consumption – namely those related to life and death – were differentiated primarily by wealth, rather than ethnicity.