Pattern Of Antihypertensive Drugs Research Articles

Drug Utilization Patterns of Anti Hypertensive agents in patients undergoing Hemodialysis in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: India is experiencing a rapid health transition and is projected to become a major reservoir of chronic diseases like Diabetes and Hypertension and 25 to 40% of these subjects may develop chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease. Aim and objective of the study was to analyze utilization pattern of antihypertensive drugs in chronic kidney disease patients in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: The present observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Apollo hospitals, Jubilee hills, Hyderabad from 01.12.2019 to 31.05.2020 on patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5. The drug utilization pattern was studied with respect to age, sex, basic disease, duration of dialysis, type of antihypertensives used, etc. Comparison of mean between gender and dialysis / not on dialysis was done using unpaired ‘t’ test. A p value of < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Of 100 patients, the data was analyzed with respect to age categories between 18-30 years; 31-40; 41-50; 51-60; 61-70; >70 years which accounted for 10%, 11%, 20%, 35%, 21% and 3% respectively. The patients between age group between 51-60 years were more prevalent compared to other age groups, based on gender distribution, majority of sample size were found to be males (62%) followed by females (38%). In our study sample, few subjects were found to be Overweight and obese subjects accounted for 33% and 20% respectively followed by subjects with normal BMI 44% and Underweight 3%.Almost all the subjects had Comorbidities. The profound ones were Dyslipidemia, Diabetes mellitus, Hypothyroid, CAD. The contribution of hypertension to medical morbidity and mortality is therefore enormous as it has been shown in other studies with stroke, anemia, Type 2 DM, and renal failure. It is the most common associated comorbid condition among many medical admissions. Most clinicians are often guided by their preference for any of the major guidelines available for the management of hypertension. Previously, diuretics were considered to be the first-line drugs. However, guidelines by the JNC VII recommend both CCBs as well as ACE-I as first-line drugs in addition to diuretics. Conclusions: In order to treat CKD, it is important to treat hypertension as hypertension and CKD are related to each other. Treatment of hypertension will help in controlling future development of comorbidities. Calcium channel blockers and centrally acting drugs are the treatment of choice in patients with CKD stage 5D with hypertension. Multi-drug antihypertensive therapy is a better choice than mono/single-drug antihypertensive therapy.

Utilization pattern of antihypertensive drugs among chronic kidney disease patients in a tertiary care hospital

Utilization pattern of antihypertensive drugs among chronic kidney disease patients in a tertiary care hospital

Assessment of Drug Utilization Pattern of Antihypertensive Drugs in A Tertiary Care Hospital and Achievement of Blood Pressure Goal

Assessment of Drug Utilization Pattern of Antihypertensive Drugs in A Tertiary Care Hospital and Achievement of Blood Pressure Goal

Pattern of Antihypertensive Drugs Prescribed in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western India

Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although known as disease of old age, younger population is at increasing risk due to various factors including obesityand diabetes. Antihypertensive drug treatment being the only measure to control the raised blood pressure, large number of patients remain untreated or inadequately treated. Prescription pattern studies are needed to optimize and control the drug treatment. Present study was done with the aim to study the prescription pattern of antihypertensive drugs in a tertiary care hospital in western India.Pattern of drugs prescribed whether in combination or as single drug in various comorbidities were the objectives of the study. It was observed that ARB was the most commonly prescribed drug (41.5%) either alone or in combination. Multidrug therapy being the preferred treatment (56%), combination of ARB, CCB and Diuretic was the most common (35.7%). Diabetes mellitus was the most commonly associated comorbidity in hypertensive patients (39%), with ARB and CCB as the preferred antihypertensive drugs used in them. The treatment prescribed seemed to be specific to age, comorbidity and was in accordance with national and international guidelinesincluding the Indian Guidelines on Hypertension.

Analysis of the Prescribing Pattern of Antihypertensive Drugs in Obstetrics /Gynecology OPD in A Tertiary Care Hospital

Analysis of the Prescribing Pattern of Antihypertensive Drugs in Obstetrics /Gynecology OPD in A Tertiary Care Hospital

Prescription Patterns of Antihypertensive Drugs at Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross Sectional Study

Background: Hypertension is leading cause of deaths in the world. It is a modifiable and major risk factor for cardiovascular, renal and brain diseases. This study was done to see the current trend of prescription patterns of antihypertensive drugs in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal.
 Materials and Methods: Observational cross sectional study was done in the patients with hypertension from September 2018 to September 2019 in the department of Medicine of Civil Service Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 242 Patients who were undergoing antihypertensive treatment were included. All calculations and statistical analyses are processed by the SPSS 25.0.
 Results: Out of 242 prescriptions, 135(55.8%) were males, and 107(44.2%) were females. Among them, 49 (20.2%) patients had controlled Blood Pressure, 63(26%) patients had hypertension stage I and the remaining 130 patients (53.7%) patients had stage II hypertension. In the present study, 133 (54.96%) were treated with monotherapy while, 71 (29.33%) patients were prescribed with dual therapy. The most frequently prescribed drug as monotherapy was Calcium Channel Blocker in 71(53.3%) patients followed by Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in 38 (28.6%) and thiazide diuretics in 21 (15.7%) patients. Calcium Channel Blockers with Angiotensin Receptor Blockers was the most prescribed combination in 44 (62.1%) patients followed by Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Thiazide Diuretics in 19 (26.8%) patients.
 Conclusion: Calcium channel blockers are the highest among the drugs that are used as monotherapy. In combination therapy, Calcium channel blockers with angiotensin receptor blocker and angiotensin receptor blockers with thiazide diuretics are the frequently prescribed drugs.

The Patterns of Antihypertensive Drugs use in Acute Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients

Hypertension is the highest risk factor of hemorrhagic strokes. Therefore, controlling blood pressure consistently after a stroke occurrenceis to decrease morbidity and mortality in patients. This study aimed to describe the patterns of antihypertensive drugs use, the effect of antihypertensive drugs administration on patient with high blood pressure, and potential drug related problems that occur in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke. This study was an observational study with a retrospective method. The population study was hemorrhagic stroke patients with hypertension. The samples were 24 patients diagnosed with acute hemorrhagic stroke who got antihypertensive therapy. The instrument in this study were the patient's medical record data. The data was analyzed descriptively. From the medical record data, we obtained information related to the antihypertensive therapy in patients which included drug selection, route of administration, dose, frequency of administration, and duration of therapy. The first antihypertensive drug given in the acute phase include nicardipine, diltiazem, nimodipin, irbesartan, valsartan, amlodipine, captopril and candesartan. As many as 87.5% of antihypertensive drug administration in patients was in accordance with the doses listed in the PERDOSSI 2011 guidelines and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 2011. However, there were some patients who received doses exceeding or less thanthe dosage of literature. This was due to patients’ blood pressure who experiencedsignificant fluctuations and titration of intravenous antihypertensive doses. Changing a single therapy into a combination was done because blood pressure increased. The most common combination of antihypertensive drugs types are amlodipine and valsartan. In addition, drug interactions occur between amlodipine-simvastatin, potassium valsartan, and captopril and antacids. The drug side effects found in 1 patient were tachycardia which might be caused by nicardipine. The administration of antihypertensive drugs therapy in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke was in accordance with the guidelines of the Indonesian Neurologists Specialist 2011, the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 2011, and Guidelines for hospital clinical practice. Some of the antihypertensive drugs that commonly given, namely nicardipine, diltiazem, nimodipine, irbesartan, valsartan, amlodipine, captopril and candesartan, and combination antihypertensive drugs, such as amlodipine and valsartan. There were major drug interactions in potential patients. There were also allegations of drug side effects in patients. Therefore, it is necessary to record more complete the drug usage and clinical data of the patients to make it easier in monitoring the effects of antihypertensive drugs administration on patients ’blood pressure and drug related problems.

Drug utilization study of antihypertensive drugs in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Hypertension is a major common disease and effects a million of people worldwide. And is risk factor for other diseases like cardiovascular diseases, stroke etc. The aim of our study was undertaken to study the utilization pattern of anti hypertensive drugs at a tertiary care hospital. The guidelines for the treatment of hypertension are put forward by the Joint National Committee (JNC) on detection, evaluation and treatment of blood pressure. The Indian guidelines endorsed by the cardiology society of India, the hypertension society of India, and Indian college of physicians closely follow the JNC guidelines.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 100 patients in outpatient Department of General medicine of Government General Hospital, Mahabubnagar district, Telangana. The data collected was analysed from the prescription pattern of anti hypertensive drugs. The data collected were statistically analysed and presented as counts and percentages.Results: Out of 100 study subjects, males were 55% and females were 45% and maximum number of patients in age group are (51 to 60 years.). Among antihypertensive drugs commonly used in present study are Losartan (ARB’s)-64% and for two drug therapy are enalapril and amlodipine 22% and for three drug therapy are enalapril +atenolol+furosemide-14%. Average number of drugs prescribed is 6.15% per prescription. Percentages of medicines prescribed by generic drugs are85% and from the essential drug list are 95%.Conclusions: In this study usage of anti hypertensive drugs were prescribed rationally in tertiary care hospital. The study emphasizes that need for effective continuing medical education and also preventive measures in hypertensive individuals.

PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION AND NEW ONSET OF DIABETES IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION IN RURAL POPULATION OF HARYANA

Objective: We conducted a well-designed prevalence study in a rural population of Haryana in Mullana rural area to find out the latest prevalence of essential hypertension, the prescription pattern of antihypertensive drugs and the associated risk of new onset of diabetes.Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on the patient data (2672 patients) from the years 2009 to 2013 at OPD of M. M. University hospital, Mullana to find the previous year’s prevalence of different diseases, including essential hypertension, new onset of diabetes and associated risk factors, prescription pattern of antihypertensive drug therapy. Based on the above results, a prospective study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2016 and total 510 patients (270 essential hypertension and 240 essential hypertension with new onset of diabetes) and 270 normal individuals were recruited in the study.Results: The retrospective study, a total of 2672 patients' data was evaluated which showed 41.21% prevalence of essential hypertension, 11.83% new onset of diabetes in Essential hypertension patients and 15.87% diabetic patients. Antihypertensive monotherapy was prescribed to 59.85% patients and combination therapy to 40.15% patients while that of a prospective study showed 40.37% patients of monotherapy and 59.63% patients of combination therapy. The prospective study also showed that different anthropometric parameters were significantly associated with risk of hypertension and new onset of diabetes except for age and height.Conclusion: An increase in the prevalence of essential hypertension and associated risk factors was observed when compared with previous studies and retrospective study. It is clearly seen by the change in drug therapy pattern and different anthropometric parameters. Implementation of a large scale awareness program is needed to combat these metabolic diseases.

Study on Prescribing Pattern of Antihypertensive Drugs in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Objective: To analyze prescription pattern of antihypertensive drugs in patients with hypertension alone and with coexisting diseases. Methodology: A descriptive cross- sectional study was conducted in outpatient department of tertiary care hospital in south India. A total of 286 prescriptions of patients diagnosed to have hypertension with or without coexisting diseases were collected. Details of prescriptions were entered in the preformed pro forma and analyzed. Result: The study included 138 (48.25%) male and 148 (51.75%) female. Out of 286 hypertensives, 122 (42.66%) patients were having co-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). And remaining 164 patients (57.34%) were only hypertensives. Out of 286 patients, 227 (79.31%) patients were on monotherapy, 49 (17.13%) were on dual therapy and remaining 10 patients were on triple anti-hypertensive drugs. Among 150 antihypertensive drugs that are prescribed for hypertensive patients withT2DM, 57 (38%) were calcium channel blocker (CCB), 40 (26.66%) were angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), 31 (20.66%) were angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), 13 (8.66%) were diuretics and remaining 9 (6%) were beta blockers. Similarly, among 206 antihypertensive drugs prescribed for hypertension alone patients, 97 (47%) were CCB, 37 (17.96%) were ACEI, 31 (15%) were ARB, 26 (12.62%) were diuretics and remaining 15 (7.28%) were beta blockers. Conclusion: The study has shown that majority of patients were on monotherapy (79.31%) and calcium channel blockers were commonly prescribed for hypertension in patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus followed by ACE inhibitors, ARB and beta blockers.

A study of the prescribing pattern of antihypertensive drugs in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Andaman & Nicobar Island

Introduction: Hypertension is the increased systolic blood pressure of ?140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of ?90 mm Hg. The antihypertensive drugs currently available are chosen on the basis of their efficacy, side-effects, and cost. Accordingly, a need to survey the pattern of usage of antihypertensive drugs is must, to see if the current usage is rational and in concordance with current guidelines for treatment of hypertension. Therefore this study was carried out with the aim of analyzing the pattern of antihypertensive drugs being prescribed and its adherence with JNC-8 guidelines, in a tertiary care Teaching hospital of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India.Material & methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was done in ANIIMS, Port Blair, India over a period of 6 months from October 2016 to March 2017, in which analysis of the prescriptions of patients of essential Hypertension was done. A total of 870 prescriptions were analyzed based on age group, gender, number of antihypertensives, combination/ or monotherapy. The results obtained were expressed as percentages & proportion and were compared with JNC-8 Guidelines.Observations: In this study, a total of, 870 prescriptions were analyzed and it was observed that male patients with hypertension were 586(67.3%), and female patients were 284(32.7%), with male: female ratio of 2.05:1. Also most common therapy was the combination therapy in 630(72.4%) patients, out of which a CCB+ Diuretic combination was the commonest in 318(50.4%), followed by ACE-I + Beta Blocker combination in 180(28.6%) patients. Most common Drug used as monotherapy was Diuretics in 110(45.8%) patients, followed by Calcium channel blockers in 82(34.2%) patients, followed by ARBs in 48(20.0%) patients.Conclusion: The trend of hypertension is on the rise, if treated rationally this disease can be overcome. This study suggests the trend of prescribing of antihypertensive drugs in ANIIMS Port Blair, India and will provide a baseline data for similar studies in future.

Do People Live at Sea Level and the Dead Sea Level Have Different Patterns of Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

Background: people live at various areas of sea level may have different patterns of anti-hypertensive drugs. Such a relation has never been reported in Jordan. Study objectives: the current study investigated how the sea level will impact the prevalence of hypertension in these areas, and how will affect the pharmacological properties of such a population. Methodology: a cross-sectional study design was involved to collect data from study participants. A total of 1000 participants were randomly selected from the two study areas. 500 participants from each. Participants were matched for age and gender. Blood pressure were measured for all participants. Blood samples were withdrawn to investigate the level of angiotensin II. Data was collected through organizing a working excel sheet and was further analyzed through using SPSS version 20. Data was presented as means, standard deviations, frequencies and percentages. The relationships between variables were examined using independent T-test. Significance was measured at an alpha < 0.05. Study findings: the main findings of the present study were that the mean of SBP is significantly higher in the Dead Sea (122.42±10.53 mmHg) than the Sea level area (118.07±11.64 mmHg), (p=0.001). Another significant variable was MBP which its mean was 91.64 ± 8.90 mmHg in the Dead Sea and 89.84 ± 8.72 mm Hg. The difference in the mean was statistically significant (p=0.001). The level of angiotensin II was 8.84 ± 4.65pg/ml in the Dead Sea area and 11.21± 6.05pg/ml in the area of the Sea level. The difference in the mean of the two study areas was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: although the level of angiotensin II was not significantly varied between the study areas, but its trend was to be higher in the Sea level area. It was surprised to have higher levels of SBP and MBP in the Dead Sea rather than the Seal level area. It can be implied that the therapeutic options of hypertensive drugs follow different patterns independent of angiotensin II pathways.

Do People Live at Sea Level and the Dead Sea Level Have Different Patterns of Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

Do People Live at Sea Level and the Dead Sea Level Have Different Patterns of Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

Prescription pattern of antihypertensive drugs in a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Hypertension is a major health problem all over the world. It is not a disease in itself, but it is an important risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Objective: To evaluate the prescribing pattern of antihypertensive drugs in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Lucknow region. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at the Outpatient Department in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Lucknow to access the prescription pattern of antihypertensive drugs during October 2015 to July 2016. Results: In the present study, 65.2% patients received monotherapy while 34.8% received combination therapy. In monotherapy, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) were most commonly prescribed, while angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) + diuretics were the most commonly prescribed combination therapy. Conclusion: In the present study, it was found that CCBs were the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive drug, followed by ARBs in monotherapy. Combination therapy was given according to associated risk factors and comorbid conditions.

MPS 14-04 Influence of habitual morning home blood pressure measurement on the prescription pattern of antihypertensive drugs

MPS 14-04 Influence of habitual morning home blood pressure measurement on the prescription pattern of antihypertensive drugs

Comparative assessment of the pattern of anti-hypertensive drugs prescribed in medicine and cardiology outpatient department

Background: Hypertension or high blood pressure is one of the strongest modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular and renal diseases and is a condition that afflicts almost 1 billion people worldwide. The objective of the present study was to compare the prescribing pattern of antihypertensive drugs in patient attending medicine and cardiology OPD. Methods: It was an observational, cross sectional study conducted in the department of pharmacology in collaboration with the medicine and the cardiology department. Results: The present study which was conducted for a period of 6 months in the medicine and cardiology OPD showed unequal distribution of the patients in the medicine and cardiology OPD, with 223 patients attended medicine OPD while 434 patients attended cardiology OPD. Amongst the patients attending medicine OPD, majority of the patients (61.88%) were stage I hypertensive (>140/90 mmHg) according to JNC VII classification whereas majority (69.38%) of those attending cardiology OPD were stage II hypertensive (>160/100). Calcium channel blockers (CCB) were the most commonly prescribed drug in medicine OPD followed by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE I) whereas beta blockers (BB) were most commonly prescribed in cardiology OPD followed by ACE I. Conclusions: The study concludes that there is a wide variation in the prescription of the anti-hypertensive drugs among medicine and cardiology OPD. CCBs were most commonly used in medicine OPD whereas beta blockers were preferred in cardiology OPD. Monotherapy was preferred in medicine OPD, whereas combination therapy was preferred by cardiologist. Double and triple drug combination therapies were used more in comparison to monotherapy.

Assessment of prescribing, dispensing, and patient use pattern of antihypertensive drugs for patients attending outpatient department of Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia.

BackgroundHypertension is a global concern and is one of the key preventable risk factors for cardiovascular events, resulting in unnecessary morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the prescribing, dispensing and patient use pattern of antihypertensive drugs among patients attending Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital outpatient department.MethodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital on assessment of the prescribing, dispensing, and patient use pattern of antihypertensive drugs among patients who were above the age of 18 years and attending outpatient department from April 1–May 31, 2013. Data collection was conducted by reviewing the record of patients and direct observation of the dispensing process of randomly selected patients to measure average dispensing time, and direct interview with the patients.ResultsA total of 400 patients met the inclusion criteria; out of the 400 patients studied, 63.5% were females. Most of the patients had Stage 1 hypertension (69%), followed by Stage 2 hypertension (31%). Out of the total number of patients, 264 were with different comorbid conditions: diabetes mellitus (64.3%), followed by congestive heart failure (15.1%) and ischemic heart disease (2.3%). The most frequently prescribed class of antihypertensive drugs was diuretics, of which hydrochlorothiazide was the most frequently prescribed drug, both in single (55%), followed by enalapril (22.3%), methyl dopa (11.2%), atenolol (6.9%), and nifedipine (4.6%), and in combination with other antihypertensive drugs. The average dispensing time was 1.2 minutes, and 75% of the patients left the counter with inadequate information about the dosage.ConclusionAll antihypertensive drugs prescribed were in compliance with the Ethiopian Standard Treatment Guidelines. This study showed that most outpatients with hypertension in our hospital received monotherapy. Diuretics and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors were the most frequently prescribed classes of antihypertensive drugs in both monotherapy and combination therapy.

Prescription Pattern of Anti-Hypertensive Drugs in Adherence to JNC- 7 Guidelines

The main objective of the present study to investigate the utilization pattern of antihypertensive drugs in hypertensive patients and to find out whether the prescription pattern is in adherence with the JNC7 guidelines for the management of hypertension. A prospective study was conducted and drug utilization data were collected from 137 hypertensive patients who were attended as Out Patient Department (OPD) of Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Patna, Bihar, India. The data was retrieved from patient’s medical records as well as from the interview of patients and their legally acceptable representatives. The following classes of antihypertensive drugs were analyzed; Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI), Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs), Beta Blockers (BBs), Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) and Diuretics. The inclusion criteria for the recruitment of study subjects were the patients suffering from hypertension with or without other co-morbid conditions. The analysis of the prescription frequency, proportion of the different antihypertensive classes of drugs as monotherapy as well as combination therapy was done. The most frequently prescribed classes of antihypertensive medications were Diuretics (mainly thiazides followed by Loop category) followed by CCBs, BBs, ACEIs and ARBs. Antihypertensive drug combination therapy was given to 72.26% of the total population while monotherapy was received by 27.73% of the total hypertensive population, representing more utilization of combination therapy as compared to monotherapy. The prescription pattern of these classes of drugs was found to be considerately in adherence to JNC7 guidelines for the management of hypertension. It was evident from the study that hypertension is more pronounced in males with increasing age as compared to females. The diuretics were the first choice alone or in combination and pattern of prescription was adhered to JNC-7 Guidelines.

A cross-sectional retrospective study to assess the pattern of prescribing for inpatient hypertensive cases in a tertiary hospital and to find out the possible avenues for betterment of hypertension management

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to characterize the prescribing pattern of antihypertensive agents in the tertiary care teaching hospital. The secondary objective of this study was to assess the appropriateness of the prescribing pattern of antihypertensive drugs as per the seventh report of the Joint National Committee (JNC-7) guidelines. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective study for the period of 7 months (June 2012 to January 2013) was conducted. Only inpatient hypertensive cases suffering from essential hypertension with or without other comorbid conditions were included in the study. Results: A total of 261 hypertensive patients on treatment, of which 57.9% were females and 42.1% males, were included. Hypertension alone was present in 26.8% of the patient whereas diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbid condition in 18.8% of the cases. Of the 261 patients studied, 47.1% were on monotherapy and 52.8% on combination therapy. The commonest monotherapy agents being prescribed were calcium channel blockers (CCBs) (26.8%), followed by diuretic (9.6%), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) (5%), beta blockers (BBs) (3.8%) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (1.9%). The commonest two drug therapy was with CCB and diuretic (15.7%), followed by CCB and BB (7.3%), CCB and ACEI (4.2%), ACEI and diuretic (3.4%), ARBs and diuretic (2.7%), BBs and diuretic (1.9%). The commonest three drug therapy was with CCBs, BBs, and diuretic (4.2%). Conclusion: The most favored class of antihypertensive drugs, either as monotherapy or combination therapy in hypertensive patients with or without comorbidities was CCBs. There was underutilization of thiazide diuretics, ACEIs and BBs in this study. Overall the general pattern of antihypertensive prescribing in this study is only partly in accordance with the guidelines of JNC-7.

Hypertension Management and Factors Associated with Blood Pressure Control in Jordanian Patients Attending Cardiology Clinic

Purpose: To assess modifiable clusters of cardiovascular risk factors and patterns of antihypertensive drugs use as well as identify clinical characteristics associated with blood pressure control in Jordanians. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in cardiology outpatient clinics at two hospitals in Amman, Jordan. Outcomes studied were prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, patterns of antihypertensive medication use, rate of blood pressure control and factors associated with such control. Results: The number of concomitant medical conditions was high: diabetes mellitus (51 %), dyslipidemia (82 %), coronary artery disease (71 %), history of acute coronary syndrome (37 %) or coronary revascularization (64 %). Hypertension was controlled in 44 % of patients. Average number of antihypertensive medications was 2.38 ± 1.21. The most commonly prescribed monotherapy medications were beta-blockers (48 %), followed by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) with 28 % and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) with 23 %. Among all patients, beta-blockers (67 %) were also the most prescribed, followed by ACEIs (47 %) and ARBs (41%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed inverse association between BP control and the presence of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: There is inadequate cardiovascular risk assessment and control of blood pressure in hypertensive patients in Jordan. Several practical measures need to be taken urgently to mitigate these deficiencies.