Pattern Of Anomalies Research Articles

Cardiac Complications in Trisomy 21 Patients in a Secondary Hospital: A Descriptive Study.

This retrospective study addresses the intersection of Down syndrome (DS) and congenital heart defects (CHD), including the prevalence and characteristics of CHD in trisomy 21 patients at a secondary hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The study investigated the electronic medical records retrieved from the Qatif Central Hospital database, specifically targeting individuals diagnosed with DS (identified by the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) code Q90.9) between March 2012 and March 2022. The primary aim was to detect cardiac anomalies diagnosed via echocardiography performed at the hospital, along with subsequent follow-up assessments and documented patient outcomes. Among the 161 patients reviewed, the study revealed a significant prevalence of diagnosed heart defects through echocardiograms, constituting approximately 72.7%. Notably, patent ductus arteriosus was the most common condition, found in 29.81% of cases, followed by atrial septal defect (27.95%) and atrioventricular septal defect (17.39%). Among the study participants, 22.98% required surgical intervention. Unfortunately, mortality impacted 32.3% of individuals, while the majority (60.87%) remained alive. In addition, a small percentage (6.83%) discontinued follow-up within our center. This study contributes significant data on cardiac anomalies in DS patients in Saudi Arabia, highlighting a high prevalence of CHD with specific patterns of anomalies. The need for early diagnosis, timely surgical intervention, and ongoing management is evident. These findings provide a foundation for improving clinical practices and shaping public health policies tailored to the needs of this population in Saudi Arabia and similar regions.

Vibration-based anomaly pattern mining for remaining useful life (RUL) prediction in bearings

Vibration-based anomaly pattern mining for remaining useful life (RUL) prediction in bearings

IJCM_359A: Pattern of Congenital Anomalies among newborn babies - A Hospital based study

Background: Congenital anomalies can be defined as structural or functional anomalies that occur during intrauterine life and can be identified prenatally. Some of the congenital anomalies may be life threatening, hence an immediate management is required. This study is to determine the pattern of congenital anomalies among newborn babies and factors associated with it. Methodology: It was a descriptive study carried out at KMC Hospital, Attavar on all the new born babies with congenital abnormalities born or admitted in KMC Attavar. Data extraction sheet had two sections including the maternal details, history of newborn related to type of congenital anomalies and condition of the baby at birth. Data was entered and analyzed by using statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 11.5. Descriptive statistics like mean, proportions and standard deviation was used for expressing the results. Results: We found that 56.25% of the cases were of maternal age group <30years. 3.16% were non-consanguinous marriages, 56.46% of mothers were primiparous & 43.53% were multiparous. Only 18.40% had maternal co morbidities & 5.84% had hazardous exposure. 67% of the study population were males and 33% were females. In cases where single system was involved, 66.85% were males and 33.15% were females. In cases with multiple malformations, 67.56% were males and 32.43% were females. In the cases where maternal age was <30yrs, 22.85% of anomalies were in the cardiovascular system, and in ≥30yr, 29.63% were multiple malformations. Conclusion: Among the congenital anomalies affecting the newborns, the most affected single system is gastrointestinal tract followed by cardiovascular system and musculoskeletal system. Multiple malformations were found to be the highest. Congenital anomalies were found to be more in males than females. In maternal age group of less than 30yrs, highest number of anomalies were in the cardiovascular system and for more than/equal 30yrs, highest number was multiple malformations.

Continental Residual Topography Extracted From Global Analysis of Crustal Structure

AbstractContinental topography is dominantly controlled by a combination of crustal thickness and density variations. Nevertheless, it is clear that some additional topographic component is supported by the buoyancy structure of the underlying lithospheric and convecting mantle. Isolating these secondary sources is not straightforward, but provides valuable information about mantle dynamics. Here, we estimate and correct for the component of topographic elevation that is crustally supported to obtain residual topographic anomalies for the major continents, excluding Antarctica. Crustal thickness variations are identified by assembling a global inventory of 26,725 continental crustal thickness estimates from local seismological data sets (e.g., wide‐angle/refraction surveys, calibrated reflection profiles, receiver functions). In order to convert crustal seismic velocity into density, we develop a parametrization that is based upon a database of 1,136 laboratory measurements of seismic velocity as a function of density and pressure. In this way, 4,120 new measurements of continental residual topography are obtained. Observed residual topography mostly varies between ±1 and 2 km on wavelengths of 1,000–5,000 km. Our results are generally consistent with the pattern of residual depth anomalies observed throughout the oceanic realm, with long‐wavelength free‐air gravity anomalies, and with the distribution of upper mantle seismic velocity anomalies. They are also corroborated by spot measurements of emergent marine strata and by the global distribution of intraplate magmatism that is younger than 10 Ma. We infer that a significant component of residual topography is generated and maintained by a combination of lithospheric thickness variation and sub‐plate mantle convection. Lithospheric composition could play an important secondary role, especially within cratonic regions.

Prevalence and Patterns of Congenital Heart Defects and Other Major Non-Syndromic Congenital Anomalies Among Down Syndrome Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Children with DS are at higher risk of developing congenital anomalies, particularly cardiac anomalies. Medical records of 502 DS patients were reviewed. The logistic regression analyses were performed to determine independent predictors. Of the total 502 study subjects, 53.4% were males. Only 1.4% of the DS case diagnosis were confirmed by karyotyping. All cases were diagnosed postnatally. The median age at DS diagnosis was 5 months. About 13% were born preterm; 50.2% of the subjects maternal age at conception were thirty-five years and above. Over three-quarters (75.1%) had at least one structural congenital anomaly. Multiple anomalies were diagnosed in 12.8% of the subjects. At least one cardiac congenital anomaly was diagnosed in 67.3% of the study subjects, and 32.8% of them were diagnosed with multiple cardiac anomalies. Patent ductus arteriosus (28.5%), Ventricular septal defect (23.2%), and AVSD (21.9%) were the three common lesions. At least one genitourinary system anomaly was identified in 32 (6.4%) of them. Roughly, 8% of study participants exhibited congenital anomaly of the head, eye, nose, and throat. Anorectal malformation was found as the most common gastrointestinal anomaly. Maternal age at conception was found as independent predictor for presence of structural congenital anomaly (AOR 2.59; 95% CI 1.58-4.23, p-value < 0.01). Advanced maternal age is also found increasing the risk of developing congenital heart defect (AOR 2.37; 95% CI 1.52-3.7, p-value < 0.01). High prevalence of congenital anomalies has been noted in the current study compared to previous studies. Predictive factors increasing risk of congenital anomalies in DS patients have been identified. The current findings may help in developing strategies and more targeted preventive and therapeutic interventions.

DualGAD: Dual-bootstrapped self-supervised learning for graph anomaly detection

Graph anomaly detection (GAD) is an emerging and essential research field for discovering anomalous individuals (e.g., nodes or edges) that deviate significantly from the normal majority in an attributed graph. Unlike other anomaly types (e.g., image, text) with independence, it is not trivial to capture inherent and distinctive anomaly patterns as graph anomalies usually exist more complex relational interaction with a overwhelming amount of normal majority, which induces the inconsistency in feature and structure space. Recently, some studies have applied graph self-supervised learning on the GAD task and surge a new climax. Despite their success, the sub-optimal performance is only achieved because the imbalance nature of anomaly problem significantly dilutes anomalous information and causes the shortage of effective supervision signals. To address these challenges, we propose a dual-bootstrapped self-supervised approach, namely DualGAD, that consists of one generative module and one contrastive module. Specifically, we first sample a local subgraph for each target node and employ two mask strategies on subgraphs to break the short-range connection and reduce redundancy spread from majority neighbors. The generative module is equipped with the reconstruction objective to model the surrounding context of masked subgraphs, which learn discriminative representations by capturing the inconsistency patterns at both feature and structure space. Considering the local information is easily been over-emphasized, we elaborately tailor a novel cluster-guided contrastive learning module without relying on positive/negative pairs to learn the intrinsic anomaly property by aligning the perturbation distributions across views. Finally, the two self-supervised modules are seamlessly integrated and bootstrap each other for learning the discriminative representations to distinguish anomalies and normal majority. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of DualGAD on the node-level anomaly detection task.

Impact of Seesaw Spring Soil Moisture Anomalies in the Middle Latitudes on the General Circulation in Summer and Its Mechanism

AbstractIn this paper, the effects of spring soil moisture (SM) anomalies in the mid‐latitudes on the atmospheric circulation in summer over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) are investigated. The results show that there are two regions of maximum interannual variability of the spring SM in the mid‐latitudes, which are located in central North America (CNA) and Europe and central Asia (ECA). In addition, the interannual variation of spring SM anomalies between CNA and ECA exhibits a seesaw pattern. The CNA–ECA seesaw pattern of the spring SM anomalies leads to the surface heat anomalies having opposite phases in CNA and ECA from spring to summer, which subsequently cause the opposite phase of baroclinicity anomalies in spring. The anomalous meridional temperature advections in spring cause the baroclinicity anomalies to have the same phase around CNA and ECA in summer. Corresponded with the same phase of baroclinicity anomalies, the anomalous centers of the stationary Rossby wave train (RWT) and Rossby wave source (RWS) have the same phase in CNA and ECA in summer. Through analysis of the vorticity budgets, the maintenance mechanism of the RWT in summer is considered as a positive feedback that anomalous meridional winds characterized by a RWT, transport the mean absolute vorticity and subsequently lead to an anomalous RWS, which in turn maintains the stationary RWT. Numerical experiments further demonstrate the effects of CNA–ECA seesaw pattern of spring SM anomalies on stationary RWT and RWS in summer.

Prevalence, Pattern and Outcome of Congenital Anomalies in Patients Admitted at a Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh

Congenital anomalies are a major public health concern globally, contributing significantly to perinatal and neonatal mortality. Understanding their prevalence, patterns, and outcomes are essential for effective healthcare planning and interventions. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to investigate the distribution and immediate outcomes of congenital anomalies among infants delivered at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical College Hospital, Faridpur, Bangladesh. Study population comprised admitted pregnant mothers who delivered infants with congenital anomalies from January to December 2022. Data were collected from medical records, including parity, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery and outcomes of congenital anomalies. Total 3461 deliveries occurred during this period, of which 88 had congenital anomalies with a prevalence of 2.54%. Among the 88 infants with congenital anomalies, the most prevalent anomalies were Anencephaly and Hydrocephalus, affecting the central nervous system. Anencephaly had a 100% mortality rate, emphasizing its severity and poor prognosis. Anencephaly was more common in infants delivered between 12 to 28 weeks. Early gestational stages play critical role in its pathogenesis. Hydrocephalus showed a relatively higher proportion of live births. Vaginal delivery was the predominant mode of delivery for most congenital anomalies. Public health efforts targeting early detection, appropriate care and support for affected families can potentially reduce the impact of congenital anomalies on maternal and neonatal health. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2024;3(1):27-31

Generating and Reweighting Dense Contrastive Patterns for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection

Recent unsupervised anomaly detection methods often rely on feature extractors pretrained with auxiliary datasets or on well-crafted anomaly-simulated samples. However, this might limit their adaptability to an increasing set of anomaly detection tasks due to the priors in the selection of auxiliary datasets or the strategy of anomaly simulation. To tackle this challenge, we first introduce a prior-less anomaly generation paradigm and subsequently develop an innovative unsupervised anomaly detection framework named GRAD, grounded in this paradigm. GRAD comprises three essential components: (1) a diffusion model (PatchDiff) to generate contrastive patterns by preserving the local structures while disregarding the global structures present in normal images, (2) a self-supervised reweighting mechanism to handle the challenge of long-tailed and unlabeled contrastive patterns generated by PatchDiff, and (3) a lightweight patch-level detector to efficiently distinguish the normal patterns and reweighted contrastive patterns. The generation results of PatchDiff effectively expose various types of anomaly patterns, e.g. structural and logical anomaly patterns. In addition, extensive experiments on both MVTec AD and MVTec LOCO datasets also support the aforementioned observation and demonstrate that GRAD achieves competitive anomaly detection accuracy and superior inference speed.

Synergistic effect of boreal autumn SST over the tropical and South Pacific and winter NAO on winter precipitation in the southern Europe

We find a positive phase of meridional tripole pattern of boreal autumn sea surface temperature anomalies over the tropical and South Pacific (TSPT+ ) has a synergistic effect with winter negative NAO (NAO−) on the amplitude and occurrence of winter precipitation in southern Europe (SEWP). This synergistic effect is attributed to the linear superposition and nonlinear effect of winter NAO− and preceding autumn TSPT+ . The autumn TSPT+ can persist into winter, and the winter TSPT+ with NAO− can stimulate a greater amount of Rossby wave energy propagating to the North Atlantic-Europe (NAE) region than without NAO−, and thereby synergistically regulating circulation with winter NAO−. Thus, winter NAO− and autumn TSPT+ have a synergistic effect on the northwest-southeast trending positive-negative-positive winter circulation over the NAE region. Driven by the intensified mean circulation, water vapor transports and storm activity over southern Europe are evidently strong, which is in favor of SEWP formation.

Potential Impacts of Winter Arctic Sea Ice on Subsequent Spring Thermal Condition Over the Tibetan Plateau

AbstractSpring thermal forcing over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is largely determined by surface sensible heating (SSH), which is an important fuel for atmospheric circulations over subtropics and even the globe. However, insufficient efforts were devoted on exploring the potential influencing factors of spring TP's SSH. In the current study, observational analysis and model results confirm that the sea ice concentration in the north of Greenland can act as a precursor. Specifically, the winter shrinkage of the sea ice concentration can stimulate a meridional Rossby wave train, with a remarkable positive‐negative‐positive pattern of geopotential height anomalies controlling the Arctic, western Eurasia, and the southeastern Mediterranean, respectively. This teleconnection is equivalent barotropic in the whole troposphere, which shifts southeastward from winter to spring, with a significant anomalous anticyclone and increased geopotential height dominating the western TP in spring. The surface northeasterly anomalies in the southeastern flank of the anticyclone decrease the climatological westerlies and weaken the SSH over the central‐southern TP. Existing literature mainly focused on the Arctic‐TP relationship in autumn and winter. Our finding can not only provide a new insight onto the variation of spring thermal condition over the TP, but also deepen our knowledge of cross‐seasonal relationships between the Arctic and the TP with similar snow‐ice albedo feedback.

A Potential Seasonal Predictor for Summer Rainfall over Eastern China: Spring Eurasian Snowmelt

Abstract The hydrological effect of snow over Eurasia is important for regulating regional and global climate through affecting land–atmosphere energy exchange. Based on observational and reanalysis datasets, this study investigates the effect of spring Eurasian snowmelt on the following summer rainfall over eastern China during the period of 1979–2018. The results show that a substantial meridional dipole pattern of summer rainfall anomalies over eastern China is closely associated with the preceding spring snowmelt anomalies over Eurasia, especially over remote Siberia. Excessive snowmelt anomalies over Siberia in spring could result in a wetter local soil condition from spring until the following summer, thereby increasing latent heat fluxes and reducing local surface temperature, and vice versa. Then, the anomalous summer surface cooling over Siberia increases the meridional gradient of temperature between the Eurasian midlatitudes and high latitudes, which intensifies the Eurasian atmospheric baroclinicity and motivates the eddy‐induced geopotential height responses along with the significant wave propagations spreading from the Eurasian high latitudes to Lake Baikal. As a result, excessive spring snowmelt anomalies over Siberia tend to be accompanied with an anomalous anticyclone circulation to the east of Lake Baikal and an anomalous cyclonic circulation over southeastern China in the following summer. This could lead to a meridional dipole pattern of summer rainfall anomalies over eastern China, with deficient rainfall over northern China and slightly excessive rainfall over southern China. The present findings highlight the lagged effect of spring Eurasian snowmelt on summer climate over eastern China, with implications for the regional seasonal climate prediction. Significance Statement Frequent summer droughts and floods over eastern China cause serious damage to the regional economy and society. This study reveals an important effect of spring Eurasian snowmelt anomalies on the following summer rainfall anomalies over eastern China. Through affecting the local land–atmosphere energy exchange and regulating the remote atmospheric circulation, excessive spring Eurasian snowmelt anomalies could induce a substantial meridional dipole pattern of summer rainfall anomalies over eastern China, with deficient rainfall over northern China and excessive rainfall over southern China, and vice versa. Therefore, this work identifies spring Eurasian snowmelt as a potential seasonal predictor for summer rainfall over eastern China, which is home to more than a billion people. This is important for the local livelihood, including agriculture, water resources, ecosystems, human health, and economies.

Relation of Raised HbA1C Level with Congenital Deformity of Fetus Detected by Anomaly Scan in 2nd Trimester of Pregnancy in Diabetic Mother

Background: Pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes face an elevated risk of congenital anomalies in their offspring. However, research on the pattern of congenital anomalies and its correlation with blood sugar control in pre-gestational diabetic mothers is limited, especially in our country's context. This study investigated the association between elevated HbA1c levels and congenital anomalies in diabetes-related pregnancies. Objective: To assess whether raised HbA1c levels were linked to an increased incidence of congenitally deformed fetal outcomes in pregnancies affected by diabetes. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2018 to September 2019 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, DMCH. Women with pre-gestational diabetes were sequentially enrolled if they provided informed consent. Data, including HbA1c levels and anomaly scans, were collected at 18-24 weeks of gestation. Participants were divided into two groups based on HbA1c levels: Group-1 (elevated HbA1c) and Group-2 (normal HbA1c). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22, with significance at p&lt;0.05. Result: The mean ages of Group 1 and Group 2 were 31.60±2.89 &amp; 30.51±2.99 (SD) years. Both groups were similar concerning age, residence, education, occupation, economic status, and BMI (p&gt;0.05 in all factors). Mean HbA1C (%) of Group-1 and Group-2 were 8.57±2.22 &amp; 6.18±0.20 (p&lt;0.001), respectively. Congenital anomalies were more frequent in Group 1 (15.6 vs 2.2; p&lt;0.05), and it is associated with high blood sugar levels (p&lt;0.001) and with a previous history of anomalous babies in preceding pregnancies. Conclusion: Elevated HbA1c levels are associated with an increased incidence of congenital anomalies in pregnancies complicated by diabetes. This underscores the importance of strict glycemic control in pregnant women with pre-gestational diabetes to mitigate the risk of adverse fetal outcomes. Further, population-based studies are desired to validate these findings and inform clinical management strategies.

Geologically-constrained GANomaly network for mineral prospectivity mapping through frequency domain training data

Generative adversarial networks (GAN) and various deep autoencoders have been frequently executed to recognize multi-element geochemical anomalies linked to different ore resources in recent decade. Efficient recognition of multi-element geochemical anomaly patterns is a significant issue in mineral exploration targeting. Traditional procedures have not sufficient capability to perform efficient pattern recognition. While, deep learning algorithms as influential subset of machine learning algorithms can present magnificent conclusions in classification and pattern recognition. Because those have robust ability in extracting high-level features of complex inputs. Although, many deep learning algorithms were used to recognize geochemical anomalies but the GANs have demonstrated specific dignity in recognizing multi-element geochemical anomaly patterns. But, these frameworks should be constrained to learn geological knowledge and yield reasonable potential maps. In this regard, a novel geologically-constrained GANomaly was trained with frequency domain training data to recognize multi-element geochemical anomalies. Application of the geologically-constrained GANomaly network with considering mineral system parameters of the Au–Cu mineralization in the Feyzabad district, NE Iran was eventuated to suitable results. The success-rate curves demonstrated that produced map of frequency domain geochemical data has traced 86.68% Au–Cu occurrences via 30% corresponded area while produced map of spatial domain geochemical data has traced 80.13% Au–Cu occurrences via 30% corresponded area.

Clinical Features and Cardiac Anomalies of Children with Down Syndrome. A Literature Report

Background: Clinical diagnosis of Down syndrome is based on the characteristic features and associated malformations. Nonetheless, there is significant individual diversity in the clinical presentation. Not every physical characteristic may be present, particularly in infants. At the same, congenital heart abnormalities (CHD) remain a major predictor of death in children with Down syndrome (DS) despite improvements in surgical therapy for these conditions. The effects of DS vary from person to person, with some people having a significant impact while others are well and capable of living unassisted as adults. So, this study is done to understand the pattern of clinical features and cardiac anomalies in various research reports.Aim: This scoping review aims to describe the frequency and distribution of clinical features and cardiac anomalies in children with Down syndrome and to consider the clinical implications of this knowledge.Methods: Medline, CINHAL, and PubMed databases were searched electronically to identify pertinent articles from 2000 to 2023. Children with Down syndrome and cardiac comorbidities aged 18 years or younger met the inclusion criteria. Articles that were not peer-reviewed or written in English were disqualified at the title or abstract level.Results: Literature revealed that the common physical and dysmorphic features found in individuals with Down syndrome include flat facial profile, epicanthal folds, upward slanting eyes, hypotonia, small ears, short neck, protruding tongue, small hands and feet, brushfield spots, sandal gap, and short stature. It's important to note that while these physical features are commonly associated with Down syndrome, not all individuals will exhibit every characteristic, and the severity can vary greatly among individuals.A high prevalence of CHD was reported in DS children from a group where consanguinity was relatively frequent. The prevalence of congenital heart disease in children with Down syndrome is the highest reported, especially when the researchers have used diagnostic ultrasound. VSD and AVSD, followed by persistent ductus arteriosus, and tetralogy of Fallot are the most common CHD in DS children. Recent research suggests that though the incidence of CHD in DS children has remained stable over time, there may be trends in some forms of CHD, with a rise in isolated, less severe kinds and a reduction in complicated, more severe ones. Individuals with Down syndrome can lead fulfilling lives with appropriate support and resources.Conclusion: All neonates with a new diagnosis or suspicion of DS must undergo comprehensive screening, which includes clinical examination, ECG, and echocardiography in the second trimester combined with fetal echocardiography when the fetal ultrasonography raises the likelihood of an abnormality. Literature proves that regardless of the existence of DS, early CHD repair is advised for newborns susceptible to biventricular surgery. For the most part, DS is not linked to an increased perioperative risk for CHD.Understanding DS heterogeneity will help professionals provide better prenatal counseling, assist parents in establishing focused early interventions to improve daily activities and the quality of life for their children, and assist policy-makers in providing and allocating resources for disability services. A sustaining commitment to scientific and clinical research studies is necessary to enhance the quality of life and survival for DS patients from infancy into adulthood.

Fetal Warfarin Syndrome - A Case Report

Fetal warfarin syndrome (FWS) or warfarin embryopathy also known as “Di Sala syndrome” is a rare fetal anomaly which occurs as a result of fetal exposure to warfarin during the early stages of pregnancy. FWS is characterised by nasal hypoplasia and skeletal abnormalities, including short limbs and digits and stippled epiphyses. Here we present a case of foetal embryopathy due to warfarin use in a female with an unplanned pregnancy while taking warfarin for cerebral venous thrombosis. The case was reported in Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Monitoring centre in August 2023. The purpose of this case report is to caution all the clinicians particularly obstetricians regarding the fetal abnormalities of warfarin. If the mother had history of warfarin usage, paediatricians should also be vigilant regarding the possibility of congenital warfarin syndrome in the newborn.&#x0D; Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant drug that decreases the production of clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X) which are vitamin K-dependent. Warfarin is used in the treatment of patients with thromboembolic disorders and in patients who are predisposed to the development of thrombus. Especially those people with prosthetic heart valves, those who have had ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation. Warfarin is a teratogen which can cross the placental barrier and cause harm to the developing foetus.[1] Warfarin causes inhibition of clotting factors leading to internal bleeding of the fetus, while inhibition of osteocalcin retards bone growth. In addition to birth defects, warfarin can induce spontaneous abortion, premature delivery, neonatal death and even congenital anomalies known as fetal warfarin syndrome.[2] The risk of teratogenicity is not predictable with any dose of warfarin. The first case of embryopathy due to warfarin was reported by Di Sala in 1966 hence, it is also known as Di Sala syndrome.[3,4] Warfarin leads to embryopathy which is characterized by the abnormalities of cartilages and bones known as chondrodysplasia punctata.[5] Almost 6% of babies born to mothers treated with warfarin during the first trimester have a pattern of congenital anomalies like nasal hypoplasia and stippling of vertebrae or bony epiphyses.[6] So, warfarin is contraindicated during pregnancy.&#x0D; Here we present a case of foetal embryopathy due to warfarin use in a female with an unplanned pregnancy while taking warfarin for cerebral venous thrombosis. This form of stroke is relatively rare and underdiagnosed which accounts for 0.5%-1% of all strokes mostly occurring in young adults, especially in women. Pregnancy, use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), puerperium, malignancies and other conditions with hypercoagulable states have been recognised as predisposing risk factors.[7] The conventional therapy for venous thromboembolism includes treatment with parenteral low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and the vitamin K antagonist warfarin.[7]

Profile of various congenital anomalies in fetus detected during antenatal period among high risk mothers by Ultrasonography at Tertiary Care Centre, South Gujarat

Background: With the improvement of basic maternal and child health care services, the deaths due to malnutrition and infections are on a descending trend and due to westernization and lifestyle modifications, perinatal deaths due to anomalies are in ascending trend. Aim &amp; Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the antenatal proportion of congenital anomalies, types, pattern of anomalies and factors associated with anomalies in Tertiary Care Centre, South Gujarat. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional study in Department of Fetal Medicine of New Civil Hospital, Surat. Methods and Material: Sample size was 435. First 10 consecutive high-risk ANC patients, who were referred to Fetal Medicine department from Obstetrics and Gynecology department per day were selected. Data was collected during September 2021 to February 2022. Statistical analysis used: Frequencies, proportions and tests of significance was applied for testing the association of socio-demographic variables, clinical variables etc on presence or absence of congenital anomalies. Results: Proportion of different types of congenital anomalies in high risk pregnant mother was 17.2%. There was significant association between presence of congenital anomalies with history of irregular menstruation (p value: 0.001, OR: 5.19, [CI: 1.76-15.27]) and inadequate amniotic fluid (p value: 0.00, OR: 14.5[CI: 7.23-29.06]). Among total detected anomalies in Ultrasonography scanning, most common anomalies were Cardio-vascular system anomalies (36.4%) and Central Nervous System anomalies (24%). Conclusions: Congenital anomalies were present in about 17 % of high risk antenatal mothers.

Enhanced risk of record-breaking regional temperatures during the 2023–24 El Niño

In 2023, the development of El Niño is poised to drive a global upsurge in surface air temperatures (SAT), potentially resulting in unprecedented warming worldwide. Nevertheless, the regional patterns of SAT anomalies remain diverse, obscuring where historical warming records may be surpassed in the forthcoming year. Our study underscores the significant influence of El Niño and the persistence of climate signals on the inter-annual variability of regional SAT, both in amplitude and spatial distribution. The likelihood of global mean SAT exceeding historical records, calculated from July 2023 to June 2024, is estimated at 90%, contingent upon annual-mean sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific exceeding 0.6 °C. Regions particularly susceptible to recording record-high SAT include coastal and adjacent areas in Asia such as the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea, as well as Alaska, the Caribbean Sea, and the Amazon. This impending warmth heightens the risk of year-round marine heatwaves and escalates the threat of wildfires and other negative consequences in Alaska and the Amazon basin, necessitating strategic mitigation measures to minimize potential worst-case impacts.

Prevalence of Dental Anomalies in Patients with Non-syndromic Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate

This study aimed to assess the prevalence and distribution pattern of dental anomalies in the permanent teeth of patients with non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Additionally, it aimed to compare differences in dental anomalies between cleft and non-cleft areas, considering gender and cleft phenotype. Panoramic radiographs of 164 patients diagnosed with non-syndromic orofacial clefts were retrospectively analyzed by a single examiner to confirm dental anomalies. The dental anomalies investigated included tooth agenesis, supernumerary teeth, microdontia, rotation, ectopic eruption, and enamel hypoplasia. Cleft phenotypes were categorized into 7 types based on medical and dental records. A significantly higher prevalence of supernumerary teeth was observed in males than females within non-cleft areas (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.017), with no significant differences in other dental anomalies. In non-cleft area, patients with cleft palate exhibited a high prevalence of tooth agenesis (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001) and microdontia (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.012) compared to other cleft phenotypes. Maxillary incisor rotation was closely associated with adjacent tooth agenesis in unilateral cleft lip and palate cases (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.034). This study suggests that the additional subphenotype based on dental anomalies in patients with orofacial cleft may serve as applicable clinical markers.

The Studying of Magnetic Anomalies Due to Shallow Underground Targets and the Environmental Applications.

The magnetic method of investigation is a well-known and dependable technique for detecting underground ferro-materials. However, the application of the magnetic method to identify the exact position of underground targets such as buried explosive devices (BED), illegally buried waste (IBW), metallic storage tanks, utility pipes, and communication cables is quite challenging in both civil and environmental engineering. This article presents the results of the investigation performed at a 55m by 55m area within the Ahmadu Bello University Geophysical Test Site (ABUGTS) to study the signals generated by similar buried targets to simulate situations encountered in environmental engineering. The total magnetic intensity (TMI) of the site without buried targets was obtained to identify the possible existing underground materials or faults that could generate false geophysical data. The magnetic susceptibility of the buried targets was determined in the laboratory before the burial to validate the field results. The influence of the buried materials over the magnetic signature of the site was examined, showing the TMI values vary between 34966 nT and 44510 nT before burial and 351607 nT to 49795 nT after burial. The Euler deconvolution (ED) and residual maps alongside the signal enhancement maps like analytical signal and first vertical derivative (FVD) were employed to study the magnetic anomalies due to buried targets. The results of the data interpretation confirmed the existence of cluster anomaly source bodies due to buried targets. The ED delineates the depth of the buried targets varying between 0.7m – 3.3m corresponding with the actual depth of burial. The analytical signal map produced a perfect behaviour of the magnetic anomalies to buried targets, capturing all the buried targets buried at the site. However, the shape of the anomaly signal is almost independent of the buried target orientation with a spherical pattern of anomalies. However, the exact size and shape of the buried targets were not achieved. Nevertheless, the FVD and analytical signal maps perform better than the residual and TMI maps due to the substantially smaller magnetic anomalies of the buried targets similar to expected. In addition, stronger magnetic anomaly signals occur maximally around buried larger ferro-materials with precise prediction of the buried target position. The magnetic method is a very powerful, convenient, cheap, and time-saving geophysical tool for investigating underground targets, which is highly applicable in engineering and environmental contexts.