Visit Patterns Research Articles

Transitional Care Models for High-Need, High-Cost Adults in the United States: A Scoping Review and Gap Analysis.

This scoping review explored research literature on the integration and coordination of services for high-need, high-cost (HNHC) patients in an attempt to answer the following questions: What models of transitional care are utilized to manage HNHC patients in the United States? and How effective are they in reducing low-value utilization and in improving continuity? U.S. urban, suburban, and rural health care sites within primary care, veterans' services, behavioral health, and palliative care. Utilizing the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews, a stepwise method was applied to search multiple databases for peer-reviewed published research on transitional care models serving HNHC adult patients in the United States from 2008 to 2018. All eligible studies were included regardless of quality rating. Exclusions were foreign models, studies published prior to 2008, review articles, care reports, and studies with participants younger than 18 years. The search returned 1,088 studies, of which 19 were included. Four studies were randomized controlled trials and other designs included case reports and observational, quasi-experimental, cohort, and descriptive studies. Studies focused on Medicaid, Medicare, dual-eligible patients, veterans, and the uninsured or underinsured. High-need, high-cost patients were identified on the basis of prior utilization patterns of inpatient and emergency department visits, high cost, multiple chronic medical diagnoses, or a combination of these factors. Tools used to identify these patients included the hierarchical condition category predictive model, the Elder Risk Assessment, and the 4-year prognostic index score. The majority of studies combined characteristics of multiple case management models with varying levels of impact. .

Developing An Intelligent Logistics and Distribution System For A Large Number of Retail Outlets: A Big Data Analytics Approach

The logistics and distribution system in the retail industry in Indonesia has its own complexity. The growth and productivity of the retail outlets in Indonesia have been increasing from year to year. Distribution activities in this study are related to the formation of salesman visit routes involving around 38,900 customer base retail outlets, which are quite numerous in number, calling for a challenging approach to find the optimized solution. Therefore, the case study in this research will be discussed on the concept of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), considering the work balance and visit pattern constraints. The methods used in this research are the balanced K-means and the Minimum Span Tree – Kruskal’s Walk algorithm, which are proven to solve the problem with a shorter computation time and a more balanced daily route than the current conditions as the results.

The vehicle routing problem with arrival time diversification on a multigraph

Efficiency and security are the two major concerns in cash-in-transit transportation planning. Whereas efficiency is generally achieved by finding short routes, security can be improved by generating dissimilar visit patterns. To achieve a good balance between these two objectives, the vehicle routing problem with arrival time diversification (VRPATD) aims to find optimized routing plans, over multiple periods, subject to a minimum difference between visit times at each customer. Since the customer visits are constrained by time windows and no waiting time is allowed en route, the number of feasible solutions is generally limited. To explore a larger set of feasible route options, we propose to consider alternative paths with different distances between visit locations. The resulting multigraph VRPATD better captures the characteristics of urban networks. Moreover, the extra flexibility achieved with the alternative paths helps finding better routing plans while meeting time constraints. To solve this complex problem, we introduce an adaptive large neighborhood search, which exploits piecewise-linear penalty functions for insertion evaluations, efficient local searches, and an adaptive destruction rate. This method produces remarkable results on classical instances for the simple-graph VRPATD. Moreover, our theoretical results and our experiments on real-life instances obtained from an application case in Vienna show that the multigraph problem extension leads to very significant distance savings subject to the same arrival-time diversification constraints.

Comparison of the spatiotemporal mobility patterns among typical subgroups of the actual population with mobile phone data: A case study of Beijing

The study of urban dynamics from spatio-temporal information contained in massive human-tracking data has become a hotspot in research. As numerous human mobility patterns and fine-grained varying dynamics of the urban environment have been ascertained using various data and methods, the people shaping such diverse urban vitality remain poorly understood. This study aimed to profile different mobility patterns of typical subgroups in the actual population of the city and then quantify the differences among subgroups. Based on one-month data of mobile phone users with the recorded presence in Beijing, 8 subgroups with different purposes of visit and related spatio-temporal patterns were ascertained. By combing the short-term phenomenon with long-term observations, the varying urban dynamics structured by residents, usual travelers and visitors over time were explained. The mobility patterns of different subgroups were compared according to spatial and temporal indicators, including population distribution by time, average length of stay, distribution of visited places by ring roads, and Land-use Visitation Intensity. These findings have been successfully referenced in Beijing's planning practices. This study is of high implication to optimize the allocation of urban resources and enhance the capacity of urban facilities to satisfy the demands of the actual population in the city.

Socioeconomic Differences in Occupational Health Service Utilization and Sickness Absence Due to Mental Disorders: A Register-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.

Occupational health service (OHS) is the main provider of primary care services for the working population in Finland. We investigated whether socioeconomic differences in the utilization of OHS predict sickness absence (SA) due to mental disorders. We used register linkage data covering the employees of the City of Helsinki aged 18–34 years (N = 6545) and 35–54 years (N = 15,296) from 2009 to 2014. The outcome was medically certified long-term (over 11 days) SA due to mental disorders. Cox regression analyses were performed to obtain hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Employees with low socioeconomic position (SEP) used OHS more frequently. The number of OHS visits independently predicted SA due to mental disorders. HRs were 1.59 (95% CI 1.35, 1.86) for those with frequent visits and 1.73 (95% CI 1.30, 2.29) for those with a clustered visit pattern among 18–34 year old employees; and 1.46 (95% CI 1.18, 1.81) and 1.41 (95% CI 1.14, 1.74) among 35–54 year old employees, respectively. In both age groups, lower education and routine non-manual worker position indicated the highest probability of SA. Low SEP predicts both high OHS utilization and subsequent SA due to mental disorders. Medical records may be used to accurately predict future SA, and the results indicate that preventive measures should be targeted particularly to younger employees with lower SEP.

Anxiety Improvement after Oncology Massage

Literature suggests Oncology Massage (OM) reduces anxiety. However, research is limited in large, diverse, nonexperimentally manipulated outpatient samples of cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to 1) describe OM visit patterns, 2) describe anxiety response to OM, and 3) determine if OM resulted in significantly reduced anxiety at first visit, across all visits, and longitudinally over time controlling for demographic factors. From January 2015-June 2019, a cohesive, consecutive, retrospective sample evaluated their anxiety before and immediately after OM from 0=no anxiety to 10=worst possible anxiety during routine clinical therapy within an Integrative Oncology program at an academic hybrid, multi-site, community-based cancer institute. Descriptive statistics summarized patient characteristics, visit patterns, and anxiety outcomes. A paired t-test compared pre- to post- anxiety before and after the first OM visit and a variance component model evaluated anxiety scores across all visits. Pre-therapy anxiety was modelled longitudinally. A mixed model and a weighted least squares linear model estimated anxiety over time. 749 patients attended 2,666 total visits. 428 of the 749 (57.1%) recorded at least two visits. OM therapy usage patterns were diverse for all characteristics measured (i.e., days between first and second visits, days between adjacent visits, duration of OM therapy). OM was associated with significantly decreased anxiety after the first visit (p

The Impact of Heat Waves on Emergency Department Visits in Roanoke, Virginia

The Impact of Heat Waves on Emergency Department Visits in Roanoke, Virginia

Patterns in Pediatric Dental Surgery under General Anesthesia across 7 State Medicaid Programs.

Children's access to dental general anesthesia (DGA) is limited, with highly variable wait times. Access factors occur at the levels of facility, dental provider, and anesthesia provider. It is unknown if these factors also influence utilization of dental surgery. We characterized patterns in DGA utilization by system, provider, population, and individual disease levels to explain variation. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of Medicaid-enrolled children (≤9 y) who received DGA in Massachusetts, Maryland, Texas, Connecticut, Washington, Illinois, and Florida from 2011 to 2012. DGA events were characterized by the place of service, measures of disease burden, average reimbursements for dental provider and anesthesia provider, and average total expenditures. A total of 10,149,793 children met study eligibility criteria. States with similar patterns of caries-related visits, such as Illinois (16% of Medicaid enrollees had a caries-related claim) and Washington (22%), had different DGA rates (1% and 17%, respectively). Reimbursement rates for dental providers, DGA services, and nonhospital places of services did not consistently align in states with higher DGA rates. Surgical extraction rates, as a proxy for the most severe disease, exceeded 75% in Maryland, which had the lowest DGA rate (0.3%). Variation in DGA rates across states was not explained by reimbursements rates (provider, DGA services, place of service) or population or individual level of caries burden. Efforts to evaluate and alter utilization of DGA should consider factors such as dental and anesthesia provider capacity, health facility capacity (hospital vs. ambulatory surgery center vs. office), and population- and individual-level disease burden. Our negative findings suggest the presence of other social determinants of oral health that influence utilization of services (e.g., race/ethnicity, language preference, immigration status, policy and budget goals), which should be explored. Our findings also raise the specter that variation in surgical rates may represent instances of unmet needs or overtreatment. The results of this study can be used by clinicians and policy makers as they address policy and clinical interventions to influence children with severe caries. Interventions to change utilization of surgical services on a population level may need to include state-specific factors that extend beyond reimbursement, disease burden, anesthesia provider type, or facility type.

Patterns of Healthcare Use and Medication Adherence among Youth with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus during Transfer from Pediatric to Adult Care.

Youth with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) transferring from pediatric to adult care are at risk for poor outcomes. We describe patterns of rheumatology/nephrology care and changes in healthcare use and medication adherence during transfer. We identified youth ages 15-25 with SLE using US private insurance claims from Optum's deidentified Clinformatics Data Mart. Rheumatology/nephrology visit patterns were categorized as (1) unilateral transfers to adult care within 12 months, (2) overlapping pediatric and adult visits, (3) lost to followup, or (4) continuing pediatric care. We used negative binomial regression and paired t tests to estimate changes in healthcare use and medication possession ratios (MPR) after the last pediatric (index) visit. We compared MPR between youth who transferred and age-matched peers continuing pediatric care. Of the 184 youth transferred out of pediatric care, 41.8% transferred unilaterally, 31.5% had overlapping visits over a median of 12 months before final transfer, and 26.6% were lost to followup. We matched 107 youth continuing pediatric care. Overall, ambulatory care use decreased among those lost to followup. Acute care use decreased across all groups. MPR after the index date were lower in youth lost to followup (mean 0.24) compared to peers in pediatric care (mean 0.57, p < 0.001). Youth with SLE with continuous private insurance coverage do not use more acute care after transfer to adult care. However, a substantial proportion fail to see adult subspecialists within 12 months and have worse medication adherence, placing them at higher risk for adverse outcomes.

Abstract 88: Increasing False Positive Diagnoses May Lead to Overestimation of Stroke Incidence, Particularly in the Young

Introduction: Stroke incidence is reportedly increasing in younger adults. While increasing vascular risk factor prevalence has been suggested as a cause, the reasons for rising stroke incidence in the young are not clear. We explored several alternate explanations: trends in neurologically-focused emergency department (ED) visits, differential diagnostic classification of stroke and TIA over time, and changes in the use of advanced imaging in young and older adults. Methods: We performed a retrospective, serial, cross-sectional study on a nationally representative sample of all ED visits in the United States to quantify changes in patterns of neurologically-focused ED visits, stroke and TIA diagnoses, and rates of MRI utilization for young (18 – 44 years) and older (65+ years) adults over a 17-year period (1995 – 2000; 2005 – 2015) using National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) data. Results: In young adults, 0.4% (95% CI 0.3% – 0.5%) of neurologically-focused ED visits resulted in a primary diagnosis of stroke vs. 6.8% (95% CI 6.2% – 7.5%) for older adults. In both populations, the incidence of neurologically-focused ED visits has increased over time (+111/100,000 population/year, 95% CI +94 – +130 in the young vs. +70/100,000 population/year, 95% CI +34 – +108 in older adults). There was no evidence of differential classification of TIA to stroke over time (OR 1.001 per year, 95% CI 0.926 – 1.083 in the young; OR 1.003 per year, 95% CI 0.982 – 1.026 in older adults) and no evidence of disproportionate rise in MRI utilization for neurologically-focused ED visits in the young (OR 1.057 per year, 95% CI 1.028 – 1.086 in the young; OR 1.095 per year, 95% CI 1.066 – 1.125 in older adults). Conclusions: If the specificity of stroke diagnosis amongst ED visits is similar amongst young and older populations, then the combination of data observed here, including (1) a lower prior probability of stroke diagnoses in the young and (2) an increasing trend in neurologically-focused ED visits in both age groups, suggests that false positive diagnoses will increase over time, with a faster rise in the young compared to older adults. These data suggest a potential explanation that may contribute to higher stroke incidence in the young and merits further scrutiny.

Heuristic approaches for the family traveling salesman problem

AbstractIn this article, we address the family traveling salesman problem (FTSP), an NP‐hard problem that may be seen as a generalization of the traveling salesman problem. In the FTSP, the set of cities is partitioned into several families and one wants to find the minimum cost route that visits a given number of cities in each family. We propose two metaheuristics, a population‐based method and a local search method, and a hybrid algorithm, which combines a branch‐and‐cut algorithm with a local search procedure. All the proposed methods improve the best known upper bounds from the literature. The local search method and the hybrid algorithm improve the best known upper bounds for all the benchmark instances with unknown optimal value, while the population‐based method improves the best known upper bounds for all instances, except two. Furthermore, we developed an instance generator to create additional test instances with different visit patterns. These newly generated instances were considered in the computational experiment and, thus, we provide optimal values or upper bounds for each instance. Additionally, we created a website dedicated to the FTSP, where this information is made available to the scientific community (http://familytsp.rd.ciencias.ulisboa.pt/).

Changing Patterns of Medical Visits and Factors Associated with No-show in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis during COVID-19 Pandemic.

BackgroundThe main barrier to the effective rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy is poor adherence. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have led to a significant change in the pattern and the number of medical visits. We assessed changing patterns of medical visits and no-show, and identified factors associated with no-show in patients with RA during COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsRA patients treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs at least 6 months who had been in remission or those with mild disease activity were observed for 6 months from February to July 2020. No-show was defined as a missed appointment that was not previously cancelled by the patient and several variables that might affect no-show were examined.ResultsA total of 376 patients and 1,189 appointments were evaluated. Among 376 patients, 164 patients (43.6%) missed appointment more than one time and no-show rate was 17.2% during COVID-19 pandemic. During the observation, face-to-face visits gradually increased and no-show gradually decreased. The logistic regression analysis identified previous history of no-show (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.225; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.422–3.479; P < 0.001) and fewer numbers of comorbidities (adjusted OR, 0.749; 95% CI, 0.584–0.961; P = 0.023) as the independent factors associated with no-show.ConclusionMonthly analysis showed that the no-show rate and the pattern of medical visits gradually changed in patients with RA during COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, we found that previous history of no-show and fewer numbers of comorbidities as the independent factors associated with no-show.

Association between the time patterns of urban green space visitations and visitor characteristics in a high-density, subtropical city

Only limited research has addressed time patterns regarding visits to urban green spaces (UGSs), whereby less has concentrated on relevant variations across population groups. However, this concerns the effective management and provision of UGSs. This study investigated the time patterns of UGS visits, particularly focusing on the variations across wide-ranging visitor characteristics in Guangzhou, China. An in-person survey in 24 green sites using stratified sampling produced 595 valid questionnaires. Descriptive statistics depicted the general time patterns, while multivariate logistic regression examined the variations across the visitor characteristics. The results indicate that more visits occurred at night and on weekends, whereas hot noon was avoided. The temporal imbalances need to develop strategies to rationally distribute UGS traffic at different times, thus having important implications for UGS management. The visit timing significantly varied with seven visitor characteristics and these variations should be factored into the UGS decision-making process. The findings help promote effective management and targeted planning of UGSs, having significant implications for cities in China and beyond. Several findings concerning visitor characteristics may contribute new insights, but more research is needed. Future studies should consider the effects of UGS attributes and pay more attention to the visit timing of the elderly.

Emergency department visits after pancreatoduodenectomy: examining a novel quality metric

BackgroundPostoperative emergency department (ED) visits represent fragmented care, are costly, and often evolve into readmission. Readmission rates after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) are defined, while ED visits following PD are not. We examined the pattern of 30-day post-discharge ED visits for PD patients. MethodsA quaternary institutional database analysis of adult patients who underwent PD between 2010–2017 was reviewed for ED utilization within 30 days from discharge. ResultsOf the 1,004 patients who underwent PD, 12% (N = 117) patients sought care in the ED within 30 days from postoperative discharge. The median time to ED presentation was 5 days post-discharge (IQR 3–9). Half of ED visits occurred during nights and weekends (N = 59, 50%). Of ED-utilizing patients, 64% (N = 76) were admitted to the hospital and 29% (N = 34) were discharged from the ED. ED visits were associated with a Clavien-Dindo Classification of 0 in 10.2% (N = 13) of patients, I-II in 62.4% (N = 73), and III-V in 26.5% (N = 31). DiscussionPost-discharge ED utilization is a novel quality metric and represents a potential target population for reducing hospital readmissions. Over two-thirds (72%) of ED visits were associated with low acuity complications, and promoting institutional strategies addressing postoperative ED visits may improve patient care and efficient utilization of healthcare resources.

Characteristics of Sickle Cell Clinic Visits and Hospital Admissions in a Large Urban Academic Hospital

Introduction: Although high rates of emergency department (ED) visits by sickle cell disease patient population is a significant health-care system burden, there are limited studies available that explore outpatient/ED visit patterns. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pattern of medical care utilization including clinic visits and hospital admission in adults with sickle cell disease in a large urban academic center with a dedicated 24 hour/7 day a week sickle cell emergency room. Methods: Patients seen in the Acute Care at Grady Memorial Hospital Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center (GMHSCC) over a three years from January 2015 to December 2017 where analyzed. The Acute Care center at GRMHSCC is a unique 24 hour 7 day a week dedicated emergency room for sickle cell patients. Patient demographics, specialized sickle cell clinic visits and hospital admissions were analyzed descriptively. Independent samples t-test was used for comparison of hospitalization and acute care visits between males/females and phenotype groups. Results: The total of 1,277 patients were included in analysis representing 12,129 acute care visits. 683 (53.5%) females and 593 males (46.5%). Mean age was 32.9 years. Genotypes where similar to known expected distributions, 878 patients had Hb SS (68.8%), 301 had SC (23.6%), 23 had SB0TH (1.8%) and 74 had SB+TH (5.8%). The mean number of acute care visits over 3 years for SS phenotype was 9.71, SC phenotype 9.74, SB+Th phenotype 5.73 and SB0TH phenotype 10.48. Overall admission rate was 16%. There was a significant statistical difference between the mean number of admissions among SS and SC phenotype patients (p=0.009). Rate of hospitalization per clinic visit for SS phenotype was 18.19% , for SC phenotype 10.78% , SB+TH phenotype was 15.58% and SB0TH phenotype 9.55%; Conclusions and future objectives: We have demonstrated that a dedicated Sickle Cell emergency room is able to achieve a significantly lower admission rate than standard Emergency rooms. Preliminary analysis shows that the distribution of acute care visits is distributed across the genotypes at the known distribution. In addition there is no difference in mean number of sickle cell acute visits between patients with SS and SC phenotype. This is interesting as Hgb SC is considered a less severe form of the disease. There was a statistically significant higher admission rate for SS patients compared to SC patients. Future analyses will look at additional parameters associated with acute care visits and admission. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

PARTICIPATION IN THE COMMUNITY AMONG PEOPLE WITH AND WITHOUT DEMENTIA: DESTINATIONS AND PERCEPTIONS OF CHALLENGES

Older adults with dementia face challenges in their outdoor mobility and there are concerns of their not being able to continue going outside for everyday activities and social participation. The focus of this study was to identify patterns of visits to community destinations and activities, and perceptions of risks. Interviews were conducted with 59 adults (aged 54-84) with (n=29) and without (n=30) dementia using the Participation in ACTivities and Places OUTside the Home (ACT-OUT) questionnaire in Vancouver, Canada. Findings indicate that participants with dementia had abandoned visiting a few places over time (e.g., bank, cemetery, buildings of worship), whereas there were no change in participation in taking transit to destinations such as supermarkets, entertainment and cultural places. However, in some cases, companions or partners of persons with dementia indicated that they were prone to getting anxious when left alone in public places and were at high risk of getting lost.

Retrospective analysis of utilisation of the Australian Child Dental Benefit Scheme.

Objective The Child Dental Benefit Scheme (CDBS), which provides dental services for targeted children in Australia, was implemented in 2014. Currently there is no information available on the cost and utilisation patterns of this publicly funded scheme. This study aimed to analyse the pattern of dental visits under the CDBS, as well as the cost of the CDBS over the first 2 years of operation. Methods This study was a retrospective descriptive analysis, using data from Medicare Statistics (an Australian Government website) from two calendar years (2014 and 2015). Results Nationally, the number of CDBS patients declined by 16.3% after the first year, and patients were predominantly aged 5-14 years. Preventive services were the most used service, and contributed to approximately 30% of total expenditure. Conclusion The utilisation of CDBS is considered to be low. What is known about the topic? Previous government dental schemes in Australia resulted in inequalities in utilisation of the scheme by targeted groups. The CDBS was implemented with an extension of eligibility criteria and services offered as a means to improve access to dental care. What does this paper add? There is no information available on the utilisation and cost patterns of the CDBS; hence, this study analysed the pattern of utilisation and the cost of the CDBS over the first 2 years of operation. What are the implications for practitioners? It is important that practitioners promote the scheme among those eligible to enable targeted populations access to the scheme and to ultimately improve child oral health.

Pollinator Behavior Drives Sexual Specializations in the Hermaphrodite Flowers of a Heterodichogamous Tree.

Dioecy, the specialization of individuals into either male-only or female-only sexual function, has multiple evolutionary origins in plants. One proposed ancestral mating system is heterodichogamy, two morphs of cross-fertilizing hermaphrodite flowers that differ in their timing of flowering. Previous research suggested that small specializations in these morphs’ functional genders could facilitate their evolution into separate sexes. We tested the possible role of pollinators in driving such specializations. Ziziphus spina-christi is an insect-pollinated heterodichogamous tree with self-incompatible flowers and two sympatric flowering morphs. We compared the flower development patterns, floral food rewards, pollinator visits, and fruit production between the two morphs. Male-phase flowers of Z. spina-christi’s “Early” and “Late” morphs open before dawn and around noon, respectively, and transition into female-phase 7–8 h later. Flowers of both morphs contain similar nectar and pollen rewards, and receive visits by flies (their ancestral pollinators) at similar rates, mostly during the morning. Consequently, the Early morph functions largely as pollen donor. The Late morph, functioning as female in the morning, produces more fruit. We developed an evolutionary probabilistic model, inspired by Z. spina-christi’s reproductive system, to test whether pollinator visit patterns could potentially play a role in an evolutionary transition from heterodichogamy towards dioecy. The model predicts that reproductive incompatibility within flowering morphs promotes their evolution into different sexes. Furthermore, the pollinators’ morning activity drives the Early and Late morphs’ specialization into male and female functions, respectively. Thus, while not required for transitioning from heterodichogamy to dioecy, pollinator-mediated selection is expected to influence which sexual specialization evolves in each of the flowering morphs.

PEMETAAN AKSES HALAMAN SITUS WEB BERBASIS LOG-ACCESS

Since the 2016, STMIK AKAKOM Library implements the information system thoroughly by using developed application that should connect to other library application. Various menu that provided is Home, Kontak, Tautan, Layanan, Profile, Katalog Online, and Digital Library. Research aims to determine the pattern of visits to the web and identify what pages are frequently visited by visitors &#x0D; Research begins with literature study of a relevant topic, configure the Nginx server, collecting log access data during a certain time, until prepared them so the result and conclusions can be achieve. In web usage mining implementation there are three stages that are carried out to get libraries and sources of information namely preprocessing, pattern discovery and pattern analysis. The research object is the STMIK AKAKOM library site.&#x0D; The results show which pages that most frequently visited is ‘Home’, ‘Berita’, ‘Digital Library’, ‘Koleksi’, Tautan’, ‘Layanan’, ‘Katalog Online’, dan ‘Kontak’. The operating system or browser that used much more is Windows, Android, Linux, and iphone. By Internet Protocol, the most visitors came in is from outside of Akakom

KOMUNIKASI PENYADARAN DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN IBU RUMAH TANGGA MELALUI DANA CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

The activity of awareness communication in empowering housewives through the budget of corporate social responsibility in Maburai village, Tabalong regency, is quite unique. The research method used is qualitative approach with descriptive type using primary and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the study shows that awareness communication conducted by the pattern of direct visits to small medium enterprises (SMEs) which have been successful from scratch then continued with the dialogical discussion of post-visit is quite effective. The pattern is able to create entrepreneurial awareness and motivation for housewives in Marburai village to have desire to make change in the family's economic conditions and make it as an alternative source of business in the future.