Pattern Of Maxillofacial Fractures Research Articles

The Pattern of Maxillofacial Fracture and its Management in the Northern Region of Bangladesh

The Pattern of Maxillofacial Fracture and its Management in the Northern Region of Bangladesh

The incidence and patterns of maxillofacial fractures and associated head and neck injuries

The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and patterns of maxillofacial fractures and the demographic characteristics of associated head and neck injuries.This single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) in Irbid, northern Jordan. The data was obtained from the electronic clinical records of all patients in whom maxillofacial fractures and associated head and neck injuries were confirmed.During the five-year period captured by this retrospective study, 481 patients with 1026 maxillofacial fractures (equivalent to 2.13 fractures per patient) were treated. The sample comprised of 369 (76.7%) males and 112 (23.3%) females, resulting in a male/female ratio of 3.3:1. Majority of the patients were in the 21–30 age group and RTA was the most common cause of maxillofacial fractures, accounting for 299 (62.1%) of the analyzed cases. In 316 cases, maxillary fractures were accompanied by associated injuries, 132 (41.77%) of which were intracranial lesions, 80 (25.32%) were skull fractures, and 59 (18.67%) were cervical spine injuries.Based on the obtained data, it can be concluded that the high occurrence of RTA emphasizes the significance of adhering to traffic laws and regulations, as individuals who have suffered serious head and neck injuries as a result of maxillofacial trauma may experience potentially fatal consequences. Thus, management for patients with maxillofacial fractures and concomitant traumas should be multidisciplinary and coordinated.

Pattern Of Maxillofacial Fractures In Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar

Objectives: To determine the various patterns of maxillofacial fractures in patients presenting at CMH, Peshawar Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: 30-Military Dental Center, CMH, Peshawar Pakistan, from Sep 2021 to Mar 2022. Methodology: A total of 207 patients from all age groups, both genders, presenting with any features of maxillofacial fracture due to accidental injuries were included. A thorough history and clinical and radiographic examination were carried out, along with a diagnosis of suspected facial fractures per clinical presentation and radiographic assessment. Results: The different accidental injuries found in this study were as follows; 127(61.35%) road traffic accidents, 45(21.74%) falls, 13(6.28%) assaults, 16(7.73%) sports injuries and 6(2.90%) gunshot wounds. The different bones involved were 38(18.36%) injuries of the frontal bone, 48(23.19%) in the maxilla, 42(20.29%) in nasal, (14.01%) in NOE, 110(53.14%) in zygoma and 122(58.94%) injuries included mandible bone. Conclusion: Roadside accidents are the most common aetiology of maxillofacial fracture, and the mandible is the most commonly involved bone in such fracture.

The pattern of maxillofacial fractures associated with rollover accidents: A 7-year retrospective study.

This study aimed to assess the incidence and pattern of maxillofacial fractures and related demographic data in the victims of rollover crashes. This retrospective study was based on medical records of patients who sustained maxillofacial injuries following rollover accidents. Investigated data included age, gender, accident date and time, accident cause, seat belt usage, airbag deployment, road type, anatomical location of the facial fracture, and treatment approach. Among the 147 patients who met the inclusion criteria, the most prevalent age groups were 20-30 (36.7%) and 30-40 (32.7%) years, with a mean age of 33.6 ± 9.7 years. The male-to-female ratio was 6:1. Most crashes occurred in March, August, and July. These accidents involved 69.4% light vehicles and 39.6% heavy vehicles. The leading causes of rollover crashes were speeding (58.5%) followed by distracted driving (21.1%) and traffic rule violations (13.6%). The most prevalent injuries were fractures of the maxillary sinus wall (40.8%), nasal bones (39.5%), zygomaticomaxillary complex (36.1%), and the mandible (32.6%). Surgical intervention was necessary for 44.2% of patients, while 12.9% of cases underwent close reduction, and 42.9% did not require any surgical intervention. The occurrence of nasal bone fractures was significantly lower in cases where seat belts were worn and zygomatic arch fractures were less frequent in incidents with airbag deployment. In rollover crashes, the midface is the most vulnerable anatomical location. Utilization of seat belts and airbag deployment has the potential to prevent nasal bone and zygomatic arch fractures.

Patterns of Mandibular Fractures through Human Aggression: A 10-Year Cross-Sectional Cohort Retrospective Study.

The World Health Organization considers the victims of interpersonal violence to be a medical priority. In order to provide services at the highest level, we aimed to evaluate the patterns of maxillofacial fractures caused by interpersonal violence, in order to treat, counsel and guide these patients. This retrospective study was conducted in 478 patients with mandibular fractures caused by interpersonal violence over 10 years in a university clinic. The most affected were male patients (95.19%), 20-29 years of age (46.86%), under the influence of alcohol (83.26%) and without education (43.9%). The majority of mandibular fractures were displaced (89.3%) and intraorally open (64.0%). The most frequent location was the mandibular angle (34.84%). The most frequent soft tissue lesions were hematomas (45.04%) and abrasions (34.71%), being associated frequently with closed (p = 0.945/p = 0.237), displaced (p = 0.001/p = 0.002), single angle fractures (p = 0.081/p = 0.222). Educating the population and fighting alcohol consumption would decrease the occurrence of mandibular fractures through aggression. Clinical diagnosis should be made, keeping in mind that the severity of associated soft tissue lesions is directly proportional to the pattern and number of underlying fracture lines.

Epidemiology of maxillofacial fractures in northwest China: an 11-year retrospective study of 2240 patients

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological pattern of maxillofacial fractures in northwestern China by retrospectively analysing the demographics, aetiologies, concomitant injuries, fracture sites, and management.MethodsA 10-year retrospective analysis of 2240 patients with maxillofacial fractures admitted to the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University was conducted. The extracted data included sex, age, aetiology, fracture site, concomitant injuries, time of treatment, therapeutic approaches and complications. Statistical analyses were performed, including descriptive analysis and the chi-square test. Logistic regression was used to determine the impact factors of maxillofacial fractures and concomitant injuries. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe age of the included patients ranged from 1 to 85 years, and the mean age was 35.88 ± 15.69 years. The male-to-female ratio was 3.9:1. The most frequent aetiology of maxillofacial fractures was road traffic accidents (RTAs) (56.3%), and the most common fracture sites were the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus, arcus zygomaticus and mandibular body. A total of 1147 patients (51.2%) were affected by concomitant injuries, with craniocerebral injury being the most common. Logistic regression analyses revealed increased risks of mid-facial fractures in elderly individuals (odds ratio (OR) = 1.029, P < 0.001) and females (OR = 0.719, P = 0.005). Younger patients had a higher risk of mandibular fractures (OR = 0.973, P < 0.001). RTAs increased the risk for mid-facial fractures and high falls increased the risk for mandibular fractures.ConclusionsThe maxillofacial fracture pattern is correlated with sex, age and aetiology. Patients were mainly young and middle-aged males, and the main cause of injury was RTAs, mostly causing compound fractures. Medical staff must be systematically educated to comprehensively examine patients with injuries resulting from RTAs. The management of patients with fractures requires thorough consideration of the patient’s age, aetiology, fracture site, and concomitant injuries.

A Retrospective Study of Maxillofacial Fractures at a Tertiary Care Centre in North India: A Review of 1674 Cases.

To examine the pattern of maxillofacial fractures in patients treated at the SMS Hospital in Jaipur, India, over a two-year period. A retrospective study was conducted from October 2019 to September 2021, which recorded various data of patients with maxillofacial fractures, including age, sex, site distribution, cause of injury, type of facial bone fractures, soft tissue injuries, dentoalveolar trauma, and type of treatment. The days spent in the hospital before and after surgery were also recorded. The study included 1674 patients, with a male-to-female ratio of 4.07:1 and males being the most affected at 80.3%. The most common cause of injury was road traffic accidents (53.5%), followed by falls (18.6%) and assaults (16.1%). Mandibular fractures accounted for 38% of all fractures, with the parasymphysis being the most common site for fractures. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and intermaxillary fixation (IMF) were the most common treatment options for mandibular fractures. The study highlights the need for strict enforcement of traffic rules and road safety laws, along with education and preventive measures to reduce the incidence of maxillofacial trauma. The pattern of maxillofacial injuries can provide useful information for designing programs towards the prevention and management of maxillofacial trauma.

Analysis of Pediatric Maxillofacial Fractures: A 10-year Retrospective Study.

The aim of this study is to analyze patterns of maxillofacial fractures in children and adolescent in southeast of China,in a period of 10 years. In this retrospective study, the medical records of 162 hospitalized patients under 18 years old were analyzed in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China. Age, gender, etiology, site, and type of fracture, monthly distribution, weekly distribution, dental complications, and treatment were evaluated. The cases were divided into 3 age groups: group A: 0 to 6 years, group B: 7 to 12 years, and group C: 13 to 18 years. Three hundred thirty-four maxillofacial fractures in 162 patients younger than 18 years were analyzed. The male to female ratio was 2.24:1 and mean age of these patients was 9.85 years old . Falls were the leading cause of maxillofacial fractures.The most frequent fracture site was mandible. Most patients with maxillofacial fractures were treated by open reduction. And it was done more in adolescents than in children. Falls were the main reason for maxillofacial fracutres in childern, and traffic accidents was the leading cause in adolescent. Preventive measures should be applied to reduce occurrences of pediatric facial fractures .Children can not be left at home alone, and monitoring is very necessary when children play in the high place. The government can consider related e-bike driving skills training. Teenagers must pass the relevant electric vehicle test before they can drive. Make the law that the driver of e-bike must wear a safety helmet. Our study shows that open reduction was a good choice for pediatric facial fractures, but usually conservative treatment is a better choice for condylar fractures.

Pattern of Facial Fractures and Its Association with a Cervical Spine Injury in a Tertiary Hospital in Jordan.

Background Facial fractures can be accompanied by serious and life-threatening injuries such as cervical spine injury (CSI), which can lead to serious consequences if misdiagnosed. Objective To assess the patterns of maxillofacial fractures and to explore the association between these fractures and cervical spine injuries (CSIs) in patients with a traumatic facial injury. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of the subjects who were admitted to the King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) and had a maxillofacial fracture in the period from January 2017 through December 2020. Stepwise binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to find the variables which are significantly and independently associated with CSIs. Results A total of 394 maxillofacial fractures were reported for a total of 221 subjects. The mandible was the most common site of the reported fractures (41.88%). The majority of the subjects had associated injuries (70.6%), of which 82.7% were CSIs. The most common type of the CSIs was the vertebral fracture (52%). Increased age (OR = 1.543, P < 0.05), having a mandibular fracture (OR = 4.382, P < 0.01), and having a maxillary fracture (OR = 3.269, P < 0.05) were significantly associated with the presence of CSI. Conclusion The current study revealed that the most common type of facial fracture occurred in the mandible area, and CSI was the most common fracture-associated injury (82.7%). Increased age and having mandibular or maxillary fracture were associated with an increased risk of developing CSI. Therefore, it is necessary to rule out the presence of concomitant CSI during the emergency management of maxillofacial fractures, particularly for elderly patients and those with mandibular or maxillary fractures.

Patterns of maxillofacial trauma in helmet vs. non helmet wearing two wheeler drivers in a tertiary care center.

The frequency and patterns of maxillofacial fractures vary by country, based on demographic, socioeconomic, cultural and environmental factors. Wearing a helmet is an efficient form of head protection for two-wheeler drivers and is now required in the vast majority of countries. The aim of this study was to compare the patterns of maxillofacial trauma in patients who wore helmets and those who did not. The data were gathered from clinical records of patients presenting with maxillofacial trauma between January 2019 and February 2022. The inclusion criteria were met by subjects involved in two-wheeler accidents with comprehensive case records and radiological investigations. A total of 177 people presented following maxillofacial trauma. The mean age was 34.2 ± 12.7 years. There were 151 (85.3%) males and 26 (14.6%) females. One hundred and two patients had not been wearing a helmet, while 75 patients were wearing a helmet at the time of the accident. Mandible fractures were the most common injury in both groups, followed by zygomatic arch fractures (which were more common in non-helmet users) and dentoalveolar fractures in helmet users. There was a significant difference in the pattern and severity of maxillofacial trauma in helmet users and non-helmet users.

Role of environmental and occupational factors in fall-related maxillofacial fractures.

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine the frequency and patterns of maxillofacial fractures in falls due to environmental and occupational reasons.Material and MethodsOne hundred and nineteen patients were included in this study who presented to the department of Oral and maxillofacial surgery at Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar. The duration of study was 3 years from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019. Demographic data such as age, gender and data environmental or occupational etiology of falls and pattern of fractures was noted in a customized Performa after detailed history, clinical and radiographic examination. Patients of maxillofacial fractures resulting due to falls with age ranging from 16 to 64 years were included. Those cases of falls that presented with systemic diseases or had chances of pathological fractures were excluded from the study.ResultsMale population was affected more than females (60% vs. 39.4%). The mean age was 32.39 SD ± 16.031. Falls due to environmental factors were more common than occupational factors (81.5% vs 18.5%). Fracture of midface was more common (57.1%) than fracture of mandible (36.7%) in patients of falls. 5.5% had both midface and mandible fractures.ConclusionWe concluded that Environmental and work‐related facial fractures in falls are common in third and fourth decade of life. Falls due to stumbling, tripping and slipping, falls from height and falls from stairs most commonly result in midface fractures. Mandible fractures are commonly seen in sportsmen and laborers. Preventive strategies shall be adopted to prevent morbidity and mortality associated with such injuries.

Characteristics and age-related injury patterns of maxillofacial fractures in children and adolescents: A multicentric and prospective study.

Background/AimsPaediatric maxillofacial trauma accounts for 15% of all maxillofacial trauma but remains a leading cause of mortality. The aim of this prospective, multicentric epidemiological study was to analyse the characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in paediatric patients managed in 14 maxillofacial surgery departments on five continents over a 1‐year period.MethodsThe following data were collected: age (preschool [0–6 years], school age [7–12 years], and adolescent [13–18 years]), cause and mechanism of the maxillofacial fracture, alcohol and/or drug abuse at the time of trauma, fracture site, Facial Injury Severity Scale score, associated injuries, day of the maxillofacial trauma, timing and type of treatment, and length of hospitalization. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software.ResultsBetween 30 September 2019 and 4 October 2020, 322 patients (male:female ratio, 2.3:1) aged 0–18 years (median age, 15 years) were hospitalized with maxillofacial trauma. The most frequent causes of the trauma were road traffic accidents (36%; median age, 15 years), followed by falls (24%; median age, 8 years) and sports (21%; median age, 14 years). Alcohol and/or drug abuse was significantly associated with males (p < .001) and older age (p < .001). Overall, 474 fractures were observed (1.47 per capita). The most affected site was the mandibular condyle in children <13 years old and the nose in adolescents. The proportion of patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation increased with age (p < .001).ConclusionThe main cause of paediatric maxillofacial fractures was road traffic accidents, with the highest rates seen in African and Asian centres, and the frequency of such fractures increased with age. Falls showed an inverse association with age and were the leading cause of trauma in children 0–6 years of age. The choice of treatment varies with age, reflecting anatomical and etiological changes towards patterns more similar to those seen in adulthood.

PATTERNS OF FACIAL FRACTURES AND ASSOCIATED SOFT TISSUE INJURIES: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON 1007 PATIENTS.

Knowing the severity of a pathology in a population helps to both establish a rapid diagnosis and to prepare medical staff to provide adequate and complete treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the patterns of maxillofacial fractures and their associated soft tissue injuries in order to identify the specific types of maxillofacial fractures with the highest incidence of associated soft tissue injuries. A 10-year retrospective evaluation of maxillofacial trauma was performed on 1007 patients. All 1007 patients were clinically and paraclinically confirmed to have facial skeletal injuries. The highest incidence of maxillofacial fractures was found in the mandible (62.16%), the mandibular angle being the most frequently involved (28.84%). Most of the fractures were complete (97.82%), displaced (87.98%) and closed (86.30%). Hematoma was the most common associated soft tissue injury (44.79%). In mandibular trauma, the incidence of hematoma and laceration was the highest in angle and simultaneous multiple fracture lines (p=0.002). In the midface, hematoma was more frequently associated with non-comminuted zygomatic bone fractures (p=0.003), while laceration was associated with multiple underlying fracture lines (p=0.002). Patients presenting with hematomas will most frequently have an underlying single closed fracture line, while patients with lacerations will most frequently present underlying multiple and displaced fractures.

Analysis of maxillofacial fractures pattern in a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh: A retrospective study of 329 cases

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to reveal the pattern of maxillofacial fractures in a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A sum of 329 cases with maxillofacial trauma was treated in the inpatient department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Dhaka Dental College Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018. The outcome variables included age, gender, etiology and anatomic site of fractures.Results: The age range was 4-82 years with peak frequency occurring in the age group 21-30 years. The mean age was 28.08 ± 14.77 (Mean ± SD) years. The male to female ratio was 4.98: 1. We observed that, 80.85% cases encountered from road traffic accidents (RTAs) followed by assault (8.51%). The mandible (61.7%) was predominantly affected bone followed by zygomatic complex (9.71%), midface (9.42%). The body (35.78%) was the commonest site of mandibular fracture followed by the parasymphysis (23.32%), angle (17.57%) and condyle (14.07%). The least affected site was the ramus (0.4%) and the coronoid (0.64%) process. In midface fractures, the zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) was the most susceptible area (25.40% of midface) followed by maxilla (24.60%). In a nutshell, the incidence of mandibular and zygomatic complex fractures was predominant among maxillofacial fractures.Conclusion: Young men were predominantly affected in maxillofacial trauma, as they were involved in outside activities mostly. Road traffic rules should be strictly implemented. Awareness of safety guidelines should be executed by campaigning. In a nutshell, the incidence of mandibular and zygomatic complex fractures was predominant among all the maxillofacial fractures.

Pattern of maxillofacial fractures in a Tertiary Referral Centre in Central Kerala - A comparison between the Pre-COVID and COVID periods

Our aim was to observe if there was any appreciable difference in the etiology and pattern of maxillofacial fractures during the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods in Central Kerala, South India. This retrospective study was conducted with data over a period of two years from the central database registry of our hospital. Age, sex, etiology, date of injury, and site of facial fractures were recorded and compared between both the time periods. Increase in facial fractures due to fall at home (p value < 0.01) and decrease in mass casualty cases (p value < 0.01) were observed during the COVID-19 period. Pedestrians involved were significantly more in the pre-COVID-19 period (p value < 0.01) and heavy vehicle accidents producing facial fractures were significantly more in the COVID-19 period (p value < 0.01). Frontal bone (p value = 0.008), nasal bone (p value < 0.001) and zygomatico-maxillary complex fractures (p value < 0.001) occurred significantly more in the COVID-19 time period whereas naso-orbito-ethmoidal (p value = 0.003), mandibular (p value = 0.011) and dentoalveolar fractures (p value < 0.001) were seen significantly more in the pre-COVID-19 period. There was decrease in the total number of maxillofacial cases during the COVID-19 period. However, this was not significant when only the number of facial fractures were compared between the two periods. This study provided an insight on the differences in etiology and pattern of maxillofacial fractures during the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods. Road traffic accidents involving two wheelers predominate during the COVID-19 period also, prompting further critical exploration of the reasons behind this finding.

Ocular injury, visual impairment, and blindness associated with maxillofacial trauma

ObjectiveMaxillofacial fractures are frequently associated with ocular injuries. These injuries may result in loss of vision and blindness but are usually neglected due to consideration of other emergencies. This study aimed to evaluate ocular injuries following maxillofacial trauma. MethodsIn this analytical cross-sectional study, the records of all maxillofacial trauma patients referred to Imam Hussein Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from March 2019 up to February 2020 were investigated. Demographical variables, etiology, the pattern of maxillofacial fracture, and possible ocular injuries were recorded. Data collected using a researcher-made checklist and analyzed with SPSS software version 20 using descriptive analysis and Chi-square tests for comparative statistics. ResultsMotor vehicle accidents are the most frequent etiology for maxillofacial fractures (80.5 %). Mandible (34.7 %) and zygomaticomaxillary complex (34.3 %) fractures are the leading patterns of maxillofacial fractures. Also, orbital rim fractures (91.8 %) were more prevalent fractures of orbit. Periorbital edema (35.4 %) and subconjunctival hemorrhage (29.8 %) were the most frequent ocular injuries. ConclusionsThis study suggests that mandibular fractures could be categorized as "low-risk", but ZMC fractures as "high-risk" for associated ocular injuries. Also, orbital rim fractures have to take care of more cautiously.

Epidemiologic patterns of maxillofacial fractures: A 5-year study in a referral hospital in Iran

Background: Maxillofacial trauma and fractures are among the most common reasons for referral to ER. Epidemiologic features and fracture patterns are widely dependent on cultural, environmental, and socio-economic parameters. In this study we aimed to assess epidemiology and patterns of facial fractures in Iran.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a Trauma research center. In this study, medical records of patients with maxillofacial fractures from 2010 to 2015 were reviewed. Age, gender, GCS at admission, hospital stay, fracture cause, site fractured bones, ocular injuries, brain injuries, trigeminal involvement, facial involvement, soft tissue injuries, upper limb fractures and open fractures were evaluated. Treatment plans were also reviewed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Results: 283 patients with mean age of 32.48 years and male-to-female ratio of 4.43:1 were assessed. The most common age group was the third decade of life (38.2%). The most common causes of fracture were MVA (66.4%), falls (13.1%) and assault (9.2%). The most common fractured bones were mandibles (42.04%), orbit (39.57%) and maxilla (37.1%). Most patients underwent open reduction (94%). The most common treatment was open reduction and internal fixation with miniplates (49.5%). The hospital stay duration was 3.44 days (on average).Conclusion: In maxillofacial fractures, males in the third decade of life were the most prone to facial fractures. risk. Associated injuries were common and must not be neglected on physical examination. The profession, culture and social differences are influential in facial fractures and thus vary in different nations.

Etiology, Pattern, Treatment and Outcome of Maxillofacial Fractures at Dhulikhel Hospital

Background Maxillo-Facial region is one of the prominent parts of human body and is more vulnerable to injury when any form of trauma is encountered. Injury to this region can result in fractures and pattern of fractures often depends upon the mechanism of injury as well as direction of impact.&#x0D; Objective To determine the etiology, pattern, treatment, and outcome of maxillofacial fractures presenting to Dhulikhel hospital.&#x0D; Method The records of all the patients with maxillofacial injuries presenting to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of dhulikhel hospital between period of December 2012 to November 2019 were included in the study. The data regarding age, sex and etiology were recorded. The etiologies were classified as Motor vehicle accidents (MVA), interpersonal violence, fall injuries, sports related injuries, occupational hazards, gunshot injuries and animal attacks and others. Similarly, the pattern of fractures was recorded according to classification by anatomical site. The types of treatment performed was also recorded. Treatment outcome in the form of any postoperative complications were recorded.&#x0D; Result Out of 1366 patients with maxillofacial injuries, 378(27.7%) patients had fracture of maxillofacial region. The most common etiology was motor vehicle accidents (53.7%) followed by fall injury (31.2%). Zygomatico-maxillary complex was the most common type of fracture (27.9%). Open reduction and internal fixation were the most common form of treatment provided (85.4%) and post-operative complications were minimal (5.0%).&#x0D; Conclusion Motor vehicle accidents still remain the most common cause of maxillofacial fractures. Midface fractures are more common than mandible fracture. The present study provides an insight into changing etiology and pattern of maxillofacial fractures and open reduction and internal fixation remains the most favored treatment of maxillofacial fractures with minimum complications.

Patterns of maxillofacial fractures treated in a tertiary care government hospital of Puducherry – A descriptive cross-sectional study

Background: Maxillofacial trauma is most common in both developing and developed countries. Descriptive studies from various parts of the world helps us in understanding the patterns of these injuries which in turn help in formulating tailor made prevention strategies for that particular geographic region.&#x0D; Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the patterns of maxillofacial fractures treated in IGMC &amp; RI in Puducherry from 2011-2018. The objectives are to find out the type of maxillofacial fractures treated, to estimate the demographic data of maxillofacial fracture victims and to assess the treatment modality used(Closed reduction /open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Data of surgically treated patients of maxillofacial fractures were retrieved, tabulated and analysed using SPSS software – 24 for descriptive and inferential statistics.&#x0D; Results: The estimated results clearly indicate that males were most commonly affected by maxillofacial trauma. The common age group is 20 to 30 years. The major contributing aetiology for trauma is RTA and the common fracture that was encountered was fracture mandible and the fractures were largely managed by open reduction.&#x0D; Conclusion: The results obtained are expected to greatly contribute for the planning of prevention actions and management in health, assistance practices to victims of facial trauma, epidemiological surveillance and road traffic rules.

The Pattern of Maxillofacial Fractures in the Traumatic Brain Injury Patients in Songklanagarind Hospital: A Retrospective Study

Background: Maxillofacial injuries are commonly associated with brain injuries, with the major etiological factors being traffic collision, violence, and fall from height. The incidence and etiology are important for the development of treatment and for the improvement of patient care in the future. Objective: To analyze the incidence of patterns of maxillofacial fractures with traumatic brain injuries and to measure the incidence of cause of injury, age, gender distribution, and length of stay in hospital. Materials and Methods: The present study was a retrospective study in Songklanagarind Hospital. The authors evaluated the patients that presented with a concomitant maxillofacial and traumatic brain injury in Songklanagarind Hospital between 2007 and 2016. The data were assessed using multiple logistic modeling and reported in term of percentage and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results: Eight hundred fifty-nine patients were studied, consisting of 73.3% male and 22.7% female. The mean age was 39.5 years. The severity of the traumatic brain injury was mild and 70.15% with associated alcohol consumption. The maxilla bone fracture was common in 49.9%. The patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury were related to the coronoid process of mandible and severe traumatic brain injury was related to Le Fort fracture type II and III. Conclusion: In the present study, the maxilla bone fracture was the most frequent site involved. In addition, there was an association between the severity of the head injury and the type of maxillofacial injury. Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, Maxillofacial fracture