Pattern Of Maxillofacial Fractures Research Articles

Patterns of Paediatric Maxillofacial Fractures: A Twelve-Year Retrospective Study

In this study was to analyse the patterns of maxillofacial fractures in children under 18 years of age admittedat paediatric maxillofacial surgery department in Tashkent state dental institute, Uzbekistan in a period of 12years between January 2007 and December 2018.Out of 757 children with maxillofacial bone fractures, themajority were aged between 6-18 years (78,6%, n=595). The mean (±SD) age was 9.3±0.5 years and maleto female ratio was 6.2:1. Falls was the most frequent mode of injury (46,9%, n=355). The mandible wasmost commonly involved (67.2%, n=509) of the cases. The incidence of paediatrics maxillofacial fracturesin Uzbekistan region was high. The 6-18-year olds and boys were most commonly involved in maxillofacialpaediatrics trauma. Mandibular fractures were the most common type of fracture. Safety programs shouldbe instituted in Uzbekistan region to increase public awareness and to decrease morbidity resulting frompaediatrics maxillofacial trauma.

Etiology and patterns of pediatric maxillofacial fractures in the Uzbekistan

In this study was to analyze the patterns of maxillofacial fractures in children under 18 years of age admitted at paediatric maxillofacial surgery department in Tashkent state dental institute, Uzbekistan in a period of 12 years between January 2007 and December 2018. Out of 757 children with maxillofacial bone fractures, the majority were aged between 6 and 18 years (78,6%, n = 595). The mean (±SD) age was 9.3 ± 0.5 years and male to female ratio was 6.2:1. Falls was the most frequent mode of injury (46,9%, n = 355). The mandible was most commonly involved (67.2%, n = 509) of the cases. The incidence of paediatrics maxillofacial fractures in Uzbekistan region was high. The 6-18-year olds and boys were most commonly involved in maxillofacial paediatrics trauma. Mandibular fractures were the most common type of fracture. Safety programs should be instituted in Uzbekistan region to increase public awareness and to decrease morbidity resulting from paediatrics maxillofacial trauma.

Is the Routine Removal of Titanium Plates and Screws Following Miniplate Osteosynthesis of Maxillofacial Bone Fractures Justified? A Fifteen-Year Experience in a Maxillofacial Centre, Saudi Arabia

Background Routine removal of titanium miniplates in the maxillofacial region is still controversial. This current study hopes to share our experience with the different reasons for maxillofacial plates and screws removal following miniplate osteosynthesis. Methods This was a retrospective study of plates and screws removal following Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) of maxillofacial fractures at King Khalid Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from 2005-2019. Information collected includes demographics, etiology and pattern of maxillofacial fractures, treatment modalities as well as reasons for plates and screws removal. Data was stored and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for windows Version 25 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). Results A total of 985 patients with maxillofacial bone fractures had ORIF during the study period out of which 149 had miniplates and screws removed, giving a prevalence rate of 15.1%. There were 141 (94.6%) males and 8 (5.4%) females, with a M:F of 17.6:1. Their ages ranged from 4-65 years with mean (SD) at 24.6 (12.2) years. The age group from 16-30 years had the most cases of plates removal with statistical significance ( P = .000). Young age (43 (28.8%)) constituted the majority of reasons responsible for plate removal. The angle of the mandible is the site with the largest number of plate removal with 34 (22.8%) cases followed by the parasymphyseal site with 21 (14.1%) cases. Conclusion With removal rate of 15.1%, this study concluded that there is no evidence to support routine removal of asymptomatic plates and screws in maxillofacial region.

Study of Patterns of Maxillofacial Injuries: An Institution-based Observational Study.

Maxillofacial fractures are one of the common presentations in an emergency department. They are considered to be one of the significant and dominant conditions that requires treatment as the fractures can result in morbidity, mortality, psychological, functional disability, and facial mutilation. The incidence, patterns, and etiology of maxillofacial fractures vary from one country to another due to the geographical, cultural, social, and economic differences. The present study included 176 patients from January 2019 to September 2020 that aimed to evaluate the pattern of maxillofacial fractures and to learn the etiology for the same.

A study of pattern of maxillofacial fractures and its complications

Background: Incidence of maxillofacial fractures is quite high worldwide. A very important aesthetic function is served by maxillofacial skeleton moreover the prominent position of maxillofacial skeleton makes it more susceptible to fracture.Methods: A prospective study was done to assess the main etiology and pattern of maxillofacial fractures of 60 patients who came to the emergency department of Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical sciences and Research between January 2018 and June 2019.Results: Total number of patients taken for this study were 60. The number of male patients were 56 (93.33%) and number of female patients were 4 (6.66%) and male to female ratio was (14:1). The age range spanned from 11 years to 70 years with (mean age=37.30 years, SD=14.27). Primary etiologic factor for maxillofacial fractures was road traffic accidents (49, 81.66%), followed by fall (8, 13.33%), and assault accounted for (3, 5%). Total 229 fractures were present in 60 patients. Concerning the anatomical site of fractures, it was explored that most common site of fractures is orbit (59, 25.72%) followed by fractures of maxilla (55, 24%) and zygomatic complex (35, 15.28%). Infection was most common complication and was present in 2 (3.33%) of the patients during hospital stay. 21 (35%) of the patients had associated head injury and maximum patients 49 (81.66%) were treated by open reduction and internal fixation.Conclusions: It is concluded, that main etiology of maxillofacial trauma is road side accidents. Therefore, strict compliance of traffic rules can avoid such injuries.

Trends in the patterns of maxillofacial fractures in Kolkata

Background:- The maxillofacial skeleton is commonly fractured due to its prominent position. Maxillofacial fractures lead to cosmetic disfigurement as well as problems in oral functioning. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, etiology, mode, and the pattern of fractures in the maxillofacial region. Methods: A retrospective study of maxillofacial injuries at ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Joka (Kolkata) between Feb 2018 to April 2019 was conducted and data extracted from patients who were either treated in emergency room or in outpatient department. Results and Conclusion: The study concluded that better road safety laws need to be enforced along with the improvement of the education and socio-economic setup.

Falls Due to Loss of Consciousness are Associated With Maxillofacial Fracture Severity

Falls are a common cause of the maxillofacial fractures, and falls associated with loss of consciousness might have special characteristics. The purpose of the present study was to measure the association between the types of falls and maxillofacial injury severity. The present retrospective cross-sectional study focused on patients with maxillofacial fractures resulting from falls who had been treated at the Hirosaki University Hospital from 1990 to 2016. The falls were divided into 2 categories according to the reason for their occurrence: 1) falls from slipping, tripping, or stumbling (STSFs); and 2) falls from loss of consciousness (LOCFs). The primary outcome measure of the present study was the severity of the maxillofacial fractures. The secondary outcomes were the pattern of maxillofacial fractures, pattern of concomitant injuries, and treatment modality. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the independent predictors for fracture severity. A total of 148 patients had been admitted for maxillofacial fractures resulting from falls. The sample included 107 STSFs (72.3%) and 41 LOCFs (27.7%). The cause of the LOCFs was orthostatic-hypotension syncope in 13 patients, neurally mediated syncope in 10, cardiogenic syncope in 9, epilepsy in 5, and other in 4 patients. The proportion of mandibular fractures and the mean facial injury severity scale score were significantly greater in the LOCF group (2.20±1.19) than in the STSF group (1.65±1.15; P=.0067). The incidence of concomitant injuries was significantly greater in the STSF group than in the LOCF group (P=.023), and the distribution of sites was significantly different between the 2 groups (P=.039). Our results have shown that maxillofacial fractures secondary to LOCFs tend to be more severe and to have a lower incidence of concomitant injuries compared with STSFs. We believe these features originate from the absence of protective reflexes resulting from the loss of consciousness.

Retrospective radiological evaluation to study the prevalence and pattern of maxillofacial fracture among Military personal at Prince Sultan Military Medical City [PSMMC], Riyadh: An institutional study

PurposeThe aim of the present study was to analyze the prevalence, causes, and patterns of maxillofacial fractures retrospectively in patients who were treated at Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. MethodsPatients′ medical records were reviewed from 2005 to 2014. Patient′s age, gender, cause, and the pattern of maxillofacial fractures were studied. Associated body injuries were also recorded. ResultsOut of 263 patients, 207 (78.7%) were male and 56 (21.3%) were female. The age range was from 3 to 67 yr with a mean age of 26.21 yr. Road traffic accidents 236 (89.8%) were the most commonly reported cause of maxillofacial fractures, followed by falls 14 (5.3%), assaults 4 (1.5%), gunshot 3 (1.1%), and sport accidents 2 (0.8%). Most of the cases of maxillary fracture were Le Fort II 27 (36.5%), followed by LeFort I 23 (31.1%), LeFort III 20 (27.0%) and palatal fractures 4 (5.4%). Of the mandibular fractures, parasymphysis fractures constituted 61 (27.4%), body 50 (22.4%), condyle 45 (20.2%), angle 40 (17.9%), symphysis 16 (7.2%), ramus 7 (3.1%) and coronoid 4 (1.8%). Zygomatic complex fractures 110 (94.8%) were the most commonly reported fractures in the mid and upper facial region. Other facial fractures included orbital floor 61 (97.0%), naso-orbito-ethmoidal 18 (19.8%), and frontal 12 (13.2%). ConclusionRoad traffic accidents were the most common cause of maxillofacial fractures. Spreading awareness among young drivers regarding road safety regulations is highly recommended.

Patterns of Maxillofacial Fractures: A Systematic Review

Context: The face is the most exposed part of the body; therefore, the maxillofacial region is vulnerable to trauma. The evaluation of the incidence and etiology of maxillofacial traumas is necessary to disclose the pattern of fractures. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the pattern of maxillofacial fractures (MFs) and associated injuries by a literature review. Data Sources: Original papers investigating the pattern of MFs and associated injuries published before November 2018 were examined. Online sources including PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Wiley, ISI Web of Knowledge, and EMBASE were searched for these papers. The extracted data included study characteristics, participants’ characteristics, MFs causes, and distribution of various MFs. Results: In total, 17,055 patients (men: 83.61%; women: 16.38%) were examined. The age range was 21 - 30 years in 40.89% of the patients with MFs. The most common risk factor of fractures was road traffic accidents (45.33%). Mandibular fractures were more frequent than other injuries. Condyle was the most common mandibular fracture (25.89%). Le Fort II was the most common site in the middle-third fractures (30.29%). Conclusions: The results showed that maxillofacial fractures were more frequent in men, in the age of 21 to 30 years, in the site of the mandible, and mainly caused by road traffic accidents.

Maxillofacial Fracture Patterns in Military Casualties

Morbidity and death after facial trauma are substantial issues of concern both in civilians and in military personnel.This cross-sectional retrospective study sought to assess the prevalence, pattern, treatment, and complications of soft and hard tissue injuries of the face in military personnel from 2012 to 2018. This cross-sectional, retrospective, chart study analyzed the descriptive statistics of 591 patients by use of Microsoft Excel software (version 2013; Microsoft, Redmond, WA); we assessed military casualties treated at our hospital from 2012 to 2018.All military personnel were documented in our trauma registry. The patient records were studied, and information relating to patients' injuries was documented and assessed after compilation of patient data. This study was approved by our local institutional review board; the causes and complications of maxillofacial (MF) trauma were assessed. Statistical analysis was done.This study used descriptive statistics based on a total of 591 patients and Microsoft Excel software (version 2013). Among maxillofacial (MF) fractures, midface fractures (49%) were most prevalent, followed by lower face fractures (43%) and upper face fractures (24%). The most common cause of injury was explosives (58%). The most frequent site of fracture in the mandible was the angle region, followed by the mandibular body and condyle. Nasal fractures were seen in 44% of midface fractures. The most commonly used technique for treatment was open reduction-internal fixation, which was used in 89% of patients. The pattern of MF injuries and the treatment modalities used to treat these patients showed that the most frequent type of injury was midface fracture and most patients were treated by open reduction-internal fixation.

The Correlation of Age and Patterns of Maxillofacial Bone Fractures and Severity of Associated Injuries Caused by Motorcycle Accidents.

Every year, there are significant numbers of motorcycle accident casualties in Taiwan. These accidents are the leading cause of maxillofacial trauma. Age should be an important factor of maxillofacial fracture patterns yet there is limited literature on the topic. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the correlation of age with maxillofacial fracture in motorcycle accidents. This is a retrospective descriptive analysis conducted over 2-year period at Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. We focused on the population of maxillofacial injury caused by motorcycle accidents. Data, including demographics, age, fracture patterns of facial bones, and other associated injuries, were collected. Among 881 admissions, there were 179 patients in the minor group, 644 patients in the adult group, and 58 patients in the geriatric group. With patterns of maxillofacial fracture, midface fracture was the most common type. The minor group had higher incidence of mandibular fracture. The geriatric group sustained more midface fracture. Associated injuries, such as severe head injuries and c-spine injury, were more likely to occur with the old age victims. The overall mortality rate was 3.1%. Our study presents the different trends of fracture patterns in different age groups, which is associated with different types of treatment required. We summarized all these data in the hope of providing further assistance to trauma doctor dealing with motorcycle accidents.

Facial Fractures in Young Adults: A National Retrospective Study.

"Young adulthood" is a term used to define individuals falling within the 18- to 22-year-old age range. Injuries account for more than a third of emergency department visits in this population. A particular area of concern is accidents that lead to injuries of the facial bones because they can have long-term functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial impacts. As many as 30 million young adults participate in some sort of sport in the United States per year, and facial injuries from these activities are not uncommon and thus require further exploration. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was used to conduct a retrospective review to explore patterns of maxillofacial fractures in young adult patients between the ages of 18 and 22 years from 2004 through 2017. The data analyzed yielded information about patient demographics, diagnoses, and associated products. A total of 3486 emergency department visits were included in the study. The most common facial fractures were nasal fractures (64.4%), mandible fractures (12.3%), and orbital fractures (6.1%). The most common causes of fractures were sports (55.48%), fixed structures (6.39%), and stairs or steps (5.60%). The top 3 sports associated with facial fractures were basketball (25.4%), baseball (11.6%), and football (10.4%). For young adult individuals, some sort of sporting activity is common outside of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. The overwhelming majority of facial fractures in this population were caused by sports, and the authors believe this issue warrants further exploration and discussion. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an estimated 8.6 million sports- and recreation-related injuries occurred per year between 2011 and 2014. Despite ever growing research and guidelines into sports injury incidence and prevention, it is clear that sports are the cause of a large portion of maxillofacial fractures in the United States.

Through the ages-Aetiological changes in maxillofacial trauma.

The number of patients suffering maxillofacial trauma remains constant although the affected patients become older. The aim of this study was to illuminate the patterns of maxillofacial fractures in a University Medical Centre and to analyse potential changes in patient population and treatment methods during a 5-year period. In a retrospective analysis, the records of 573 patients with maxillofacial fractures treated in a level one trauma centre from January 2010 to December 2014 were analysed with regard to gender, age, date and time of hospitalization as well as discharge, aetiology, type of fracture, surgery details, complications and further injuries. Causes were subdivided into assaults, falls, epileptic seizure, work-related, traffic accident by car or bicycle, sport-associated or others (eg caused by explosions, horse kicks or unknown). The most common causes for fractures were assaults (28.8%; n=165), followed by falls (23.9%; n=137), although falls became the main reason for maxillofacial fractures in 2013 and 2014. The mean age for patients suffering from facial fractures due to falls was significantly higher compared to those injured by other causes. Most commonly, fractures of the zygomatico-maxillary complex with or without orbital floor involvement were seen (31.6%; n=291) followed by fractures of the mandible (20.6%; n=190) and fractures of the nose (15.2%; n=140). Most patients were treated surgically (89.5%; n=513) even though an increase in non-surgical treatment was found over the examination period, especially in older patients. Maxillofacial fractures are mostly seen in younger male patients. Assaults were the main pattern of injury during the whole examination period, although falls became the main cause in older patients over the last 2years.

Maxillofacial Fracture Patterns in Road Traffic Accidents.

Objective:The objective of this study is to analyze the maxillofacial fracture pattern from road traffic accidents (RTAs) in cases treated surgically in a tertiary hospital during July 2008–June 2018.Materials and Method:Data available in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of the institution of patients with maxillofacial fractures sustained due to RTAs that were treated in the department between the period July 2008 and June 2018 were collected and analyzed. The variables analyzed for the study were etiology, gender, age, and type of fracture. All cases were treated by open reduction and rigid internal fixation.Results:A total of 348 patients with maxillofacial fractures were diagnosed, of which 335 were male and 13 were female. The ages ranged from 7 to 70 years. The maximum cases were in the age group of 16–30 years with 181 fractures followed by 31–45 group with 133 fractures, 45–60 years with 21 fractures, 0–15 years with 8 fractures, and >60 years with five fractures. The maximum incidence of fractures was in the mandible with 168 cases followed by 92 in zygomatic complex, combination of fractures in 53 cases, 13 LeFort I fractures, nine frontal bone fractures, three fractures in other areas, five nasal fractures, and five LeFort II fractures. Males predominated the cases of mandibular fractures involving multiple sites and cases involving multiple bones.Conclusion:A maximum number of maxillofacial fractures cases were in the second and third decades of life, and the high-speed vehicles and lack of protective safety accessories such as helmets and seatbelts were responsible for the wide variety of pattern fractures of facial bones.

Prevalence, patterns and etiology of maxillofacial fractures in Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia

IntroductionThe maxillofacial fractures occur in a significant proportion worldwide. Cultural, social and economic backgrounds and the amount of traffic today, all have an influence on the increase or decrease of the trauma in this part. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, etiology and pattern of maxillofacial fractures treated in King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, Qassim. Material and methodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 141 cases were admitted to King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Maxillofacial surgery department. Relevant data pertaining to patients’ age, sex, the cause of injury, sites of injury, and various treatment modalities were recorded and analyzed statistically using SPSS 24.0 version. ResultsOur results exhibit that most of the patients were males representing (85.82%) of the studied population while the females sustained fewer fractures (14.18%).The second decade of age (39.01%) is with the most fractures. Road traffic accident (RTA) were the leading cause of maxillofacial fractures. Distribution pattern of site revealed predominance of mandible fractures. Sixty-nine cases were treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), and eighteen cases were managed conservatively. ConclusionIn spite of the strict legislation of traffic, road traffic accidents are the leading cause of maxillofacial fractures. Thus, preventive measures and health education programs should be implanted.

Patterns of maxillofacial fractures in Hofuf, Saudi Arabia: A 10-year retrospective case series

ObjectivesThis retrospective study was performed to analyze the incidence, etiology, and types of maxillofacial fractures in a major city in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methodsThe medical records of all patients treated in the operating rooms for maxillofacial fractures by the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department at King Fahad Hospital, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2016, were reviewed. A total of 270 patients with complete records were included. The data extracted included the age, gender, nationality, causes of injury, and patterns of maxillofacial fractures involved. ResultsAmong the 270 patients, 241 (89.3%) were males, and 29 (10.7%) were females. The young adult (19–44 years) age group was the most affected (65.6%). Road traffic accidents (63.3%) were found to be the most frequent causes of maxillofacial fractures; falls were the second most common (15.9%). The rate of mandibular (54.6%) fractures was higher than that of mid-facial (45.4%) fractures. Among the mandibular fractures, the most common type was the parasymphyseal fracture (24.6%). Zygomatic fractures were the most common (48.6%) of midface fractures. ConclusionsSimilar to reports of other studies in different regions of Saudi Arabia, Al-Ahsa showed that road traffic accidents were the most predominant etiology of maxillofacial fractures affecting most frequently males of young adult age group. These findings emphasize the need for better education of road safety and enforcement of traffic laws, especially for the most affected age group.

Pattern of Maxillo-Facial Fractures and Their Management in Iraqi Kurdistan Province

Forty three in-patients with Maxillo-facial fractures admitted to Rizgaree hospital in Arbil in the period from May 2007 to April 2008. Thirty seven males were affected and only 6 females were involved with a ratio of male: female ratio of 6.2 : 1.65 % of the patients belonged to 16 – 35 years age group .People with small businesses were the mostly affected group 39.5% . They mostly attended between June and August and on Saturday and Sundays and Wed8) Maxillofacial fractures sites related to gunshots.Figure 8 show the distribution of site of Maxillofacial fractures resulting from gunshots. There were only 4 patients involved in gunshots Maxillofacial fractures all of them were males . There were 10 fractures.Maxilla was mostly involved (40%) followed by zygoma (20%) and body of mandible (20%). One of the victims have lost a right eye .Fighting or assaults –involved only 2 patients, both were male and they had 2 zygomatic fractures on the left side..The most common cause of facial injures were falls and road traffic accidents followed by gunshots and fighting .The most common site of facial fractures in road accidents and assaults were left zygoma and maxilla (> 65 %) while with falls they were nearly equal ( 37.7 % and 31.1%) .Most of the cases were treated conservatively, and most of the surgical intervention was localized in zygomas with Gillies approach as the most common surgery (24.2%) performed.Occiptomented view was the most common X-ray taken (34.4%) because the majority of trauma was localized in the middle third.

Patterns of Maxillofacial Fractures Associated with Assault Injury in Khamis Mushait City and Related Factors

Patterns of Maxillofacial Fractures Associated with Assault Injury in Khamis Mushait City and Related Factors

Patterns of Maxillofacial Fractures Associated with Assault Injury in Khamis Mushait City and Related Factors

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the patterns of maxillofacial fractures associated with assaults among male patients in Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study was a retrospective study conducted in Armed Forces Hospital Southern region(AFHSR) in Khamis Mushait City. The patients’ records were investigated and full-detailed records were included. Demographic data as well as type, location and cause of the maxillofacial fractures were obtained. Results: A total of 215 patients’ records were recruited for this study. Patients with age from 15 to 25 years were more than other age groups. Most of the patients were not Saudi citizens. About 68% of patients completed their primary school or were illiterates. Nearly half of the fractures (49%) were found in the dentoalveolar site. Mandible was more affected than maxilla. Left side was more affected than right side. Blunted injuries were more frequent among patients than penetrated injuries. Patients with age ≤ 35 years were more suspected to have fractures than those with older ages. Conclusion: Assault and violence can result in considerable maxillofacial traumas. Dentoalveolar fractures were the most common fractures. Young patients were more affected than elders. This problem should be taken as a general health problem and the actions should be taken to prevent further problems.

The epidemiology, incidence and patterns of maxillofacial fractures in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia

The epidemiology, incidence and patterns of maxillofacial fractures in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia