Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to reveal the pattern of maxillofacial fractures in a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A sum of 329 cases with maxillofacial trauma was treated in the inpatient department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Dhaka Dental College Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018. The outcome variables included age, gender, etiology and anatomic site of fractures.Results: The age range was 4-82 years with peak frequency occurring in the age group 21-30 years. The mean age was 28.08 ± 14.77 (Mean ± SD) years. The male to female ratio was 4.98: 1. We observed that, 80.85% cases encountered from road traffic accidents (RTAs) followed by assault (8.51%). The mandible (61.7%) was predominantly affected bone followed by zygomatic complex (9.71%), midface (9.42%). The body (35.78%) was the commonest site of mandibular fracture followed by the parasymphysis (23.32%), angle (17.57%) and condyle (14.07%). The least affected site was the ramus (0.4%) and the coronoid (0.64%) process. In midface fractures, the zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) was the most susceptible area (25.40% of midface) followed by maxilla (24.60%). In a nutshell, the incidence of mandibular and zygomatic complex fractures was predominant among maxillofacial fractures.Conclusion: Young men were predominantly affected in maxillofacial trauma, as they were involved in outside activities mostly. Road traffic rules should be strictly implemented. Awareness of safety guidelines should be executed by campaigning. In a nutshell, the incidence of mandibular and zygomatic complex fractures was predominant among all the maxillofacial fractures.
Highlights
Trauma is the major etiologic factor of mortality in the first four decades of life
A total of 329 patients accounted for maxillofacial fractures in the three years duration of our study
We found the incidence of maxillofacial trauma mostly in the age group 21-30 years, which correlates with previous studies.[3,11,12,13]
Summary
Trauma is the major etiologic factor of mortality in the first four decades of life. Inter-personal violence is predominant in developed nations.[5] The mandibular fractures are predominant among maxillofacial fractures followed by the zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC), maxilla, and alveolar process.[6] The parasymphysis region is affected mostly among the mandibular fracture followed by the body, angle, condylar, symphysis, and coronoid process.[7] The age and gender of the patient are reported as significant aspects influencing the incidence of maxillofacial injuries. The peak prevalence of maxillofacial trauma is noticed in the 3rd decade of life. Males are predominantly involved than females in maxillofacial injuries with a male to a female proportion of roughly 3:1.9
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