Lifestyle Patterns Research Articles

The Association between Dietary Intake and Lifestyle Patterns of People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Manipur, India

The aim of the study was to examine the association between dietary intake and lifestyle pattern of diabetes patients in Manipur. Tribal and non tribal respondents between 45-64 years of age were randomly selected from the Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS) Hospital Manipur. Total number of 200 study subjects, 100 tribal and 100 non tribal subjects constituted the study. The information was collected on socio-demographic profile, clinical, anthropometric measurements and dietary intakes of the patients by using interview schedule and 24-hour dietary recall methods. The data were analyzed and tabulated using statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Pearson’s correlation test. The key results indicate that alcohol consumption, elevated triglycerides levels, low energy, oils and sugar intake were notably linked with the prevalence of diabetes. Additionally, low calcium intake, particularly among non tribal individuals, demonstrated a significant correlation with elevated Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) levels, suggesting a potential risk factor for Type 2 diabetes. Moreover, low calcium intake among the non-tribal community was associated with increased Post Prandial (PP) test results, indicating a rise in post-meal glucose levels. Notably, tribal energy intake and non-tribal protein consumption were significantly associated with HbA1c levels, reflecting their impact on glycemic control.

Impact of Nutritional Education Intervention on Food Choice Motivations and Eating Behaviors Among Latin American University Students

ABSTRACT Background Nutritional interventions can help to develop healthy eating patterns during the transition to university, which is a critical transition for all college students. Purpose This research aims to analyze eating behaviors and food choices through sustainable nutritional education interventions with college students from a multinational university in Latin-America. Methods The nutritional intervention had eight sessions emphasizing lifestyle nutrition patterns. There was an intervention group (n = 85), and a control group (n = 80). This research evaluated the eating behaviors and food choice motivators before and after the intervention. Results The nutrition education interventions showed that the group under intervention improved, changing from unhealthy to moderately healthy habits, whereas the control groups remained in unhealthy eating behaviors. Food choice motivations slightly differ from the two groups after the intervention. Discussion The control group students reflected on their lack of awareness of good eating habits so that current trends could influence their food choices in social networks associated with the pandemic, economic factors, and supply. Translation to Health Education Practice The findings from this research highlight opportunities for Certified Health Education Specialists focused on project development and evaluation.

Health or environment? Understanding which informative message is more effective in replacing red meat with mushroom-based alternatives

Current concerns regarding the health and environmental consequences associated with excessive meat consumption have underscored the importance of guiding consumers towards more sustainable diets. Given this perspective, this study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of tailored informative messages in shaping consumer behaviour, particularly within the framework of replacing meat with mushroom-based alternatives. Additionally, it explores the factors influencing informative message effectiveness. An experimental online survey was conducted on a sample of 951 Italian consumers. Specifically, the sample was divided into three groups, of which 309 individuals formed the control group, 311 participants received informative messages on the health risks associated with red meat consumption, and 331 participants received informative messages emphasizing the environmental damages linked to red meat consumption. In both treatments, there was support for mushroom-based alternatives. Analyses included subgroup assessments, tests to verify treatments effectiveness, along with OLS regression to pinpoint variables influencing message effectiveness. The results underscore a fair positive impact of the two informative messages (mean scores: 8.75 for health message; 7.01 for environmental message). Noteworthy psychosocial variables, including lifestyle patterns, nutritional perceptions, and ecological attitudes, emerged as determinants in shaping consumers' food choices. While health-related messages exhibit marked influence, the nuanced landscape of diverse drivers and barriers necessitates judicious communication strategies. These insights bear significance for policymakers, health professionals, and marketers, offering guidance for interventions that effectively influence consumer behaviour toward more sustainable and healthier food practices.

Perancangan Kampanye Digital Pencegahan Anemia untuk Perempuan Usia 16-19 Tahun di Surabaya

Anemia occurs due to a condition of lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin. Factors that can affect a person affected by Anemia such as an unhealthy and unbalanced diet to the lack of knowledge of women about Anemia. Prevention can be done by holding an Anemia prevention campaign for women aged 16-19 years who live in Surabaya. The campaign is carried out in a fun and cheerful way that suits the interests of young women aged 16-19 years old today, especially through social media. The media designed uses main media and various supporting media. The design was carried out using qualitative and quantitative research methods. Data acquisition is done through primary and secondary data. Primary data is done by interview and observation. Secondary data is obtained from literature studies and literature studies. The results of the data that have been collected are then analyzed using fishbone analysis. The results of the fishbone analysis are continued to obtain keywords or big ideas that are used as the initial design concept. Keywords are developed to become visual concepts, character concepts, and media concepts. The design concept features design colors that combine the color concepts of health and cheerfulness. The character concepts used are women aged 16-19 years and nutritionists. Visuals are presented with a combination of vectors and illustrations as well as sans serif typography and layouts. The campaign aims to change the behavior and lifestyle patterns of adolescent girls to be healthy and balanced and increase awareness of the importance of preventing Anemia. The overall design of the campaign is an effective strategy in increasing awareness and knowledge about Anemia through the delivery of interesting information and appropriate learning so as to change behavior related to health.

Post-diagnosis adiposity, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, dietary factors, supplement use and colorectal cancer prognosis: Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) summary of evidence grading.

Based on the World Cancer Research Fund Global Cancer Update Programme, we performed systematic reviews and meta-analyses to investigate the association of post-diagnosis adiposity, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and dietary factors with colorectal cancer prognosis. We searched PubMed and Embase until 28th February, 2022. An independent expert committee and expert panel graded the quality of evidence. A total of 167 unique publications were reviewed, and all but five were observational studies. The quality of the evidence was graded conservatively due to the high risk of several biases. There was evidence of non-linearity in the associations between body mass index and colorectal cancer prognosis. The associations appeared reverse J-shaped, and the quality of this evidence was graded as limited (likelihood of causality: limited-no conclusion). The evidence on recreational physical activity and lower risk of all-cause mortality (relative risk [RR] highest vs. lowest: 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62-0.77) and recurrence/disease-free survival (RR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70-0.92) was graded as limited-suggestive. There was limited-suggestive evidence for the associations between healthy dietary and/or lifestyle patterns (including diets that comprised plant-based foods), intake of whole grains and coffee with lower risk of all-cause mortality, and between unhealthy dietary patterns and intake of sugary drinks with higher risk of all-cause mortality. The evidence for other exposures on colorectal cancer outcomes was sparse and graded as limited-no conclusion. Analyses were conducted excluding cancer patients with metastases without substantial changes in the findings. Well-designed intervention and cohort studies are needed to support the development of lifestyle recommendations for colorectal cancer patients.

Post-diagnosis dietary factors, supplement use and colorectal cancer prognosis: A Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

The role of diet in colorectal cancer prognosis is not well understood and specific lifestyle recommendations are lacking. We searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and longitudinal observational studies on post-diagnosis dietary factors, supplement use and colorectal cancer survival outcomes in PubMed and Embase from inception until 28th February 2022. Random-effects dose-response meta-analyses were conducted when at least three studies had sufficient information. The evidence was interpreted and graded by the CUP Global independent Expert Committee on Cancer Survivorship and Expert Panel. Five RCTs and 35 observational studies were included (30,242 cases, over 8700 all-cause and 2100 colorectal cancer deaths, 3700 progression, recurrence, or disease-free events). Meta-analyses, including 3-10 observational studies each, were conducted for: whole grains, nuts/peanuts, red and processed meat, dairy products, sugary drinks, artificially sweetened beverages, coffee, alcohol, dietary glycaemic load/index, insulin load/index, marine omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, supplemental calcium, circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and all-cause mortality; for alcohol, supplemental calcium, circulating 25(OH)D and colorectal cancer-specific mortality; and for circulating 25(OH)D and recurrence/disease-free survival. The overall evidence was graded as 'limited'. The inverse associations between healthy dietary and/or lifestyle patterns (including diets that comprised plant-based foods), whole grains, total, caffeinated, or decaffeinated coffee and all-cause mortality and the positive associations between unhealthy dietary patterns, sugary drinks and all-cause mortality provided 'limited-suggestive' evidence. All other exposure-outcome associations provided 'limited-no conclusion' evidence. Additional, well-conducted cohort studies and carefully designed RCTs are needed to develop specific lifestyle recommendations for colorectal cancer survivors.

Differences In The Effect Of Motor Control Exercise And William Flexion Exercise On Pain In Low Back Pain Miogenic Patients At Ambalat Sesko Tni Clinic, Bandung

Changes in the background needs and welfare of human life have led to a shift in modern lifestyle patterns. The growing population has resulted in increased work productivity, along with various types of work activities and a rise in complaints of symptoms like low back pain. Low back pain, or lower back pain, is a complaint where the pain can be local pain (inflammation) or radicular pain in the lower back. This pain can radiate to other areas, or the pain can be felt in the lower back, or it can be felt on a different side of the body from the center of the pain and can be felt in a variety of ways. Occupation is one of the factors causing LBP. Incorrect work postures, for example, sitting static for a long time and not using ergonomic sitting positions, are one of the factors in the occurrence of LBP (WHO, 2013). The purpose of this research is to find out if there is a comparison of the differences in the effect of motor control exercise and William flexion exercise on pain in myogenic low back pain patients at the Ambalat Sesko TNI Bandung clinic in 2023. The design in this study was a quasi-experiment with a control approach of two groups, pre-test and post-test, used to compare two independent groups, namely group I (motor control exercise) and group II (William flexion exercise). The research location was at the Ambalat clinic, Sesko TNI, with a total sample of 20 people. The research data was carried out using the normality test with the Shapiro-Wilk test. After the data was normally distributed, a hypothesis test was carried out using the independent paired sample t-test to obtain a p-value of 0.901 > (? = 0.05). The results of the analysis showed that the intervention of motor control exercise and William flexion exercise had the same effect on reducing pain, and there was no significant difference between giving myogenic low back pain at the Ambalat Sesko TNI Bandung clinic in 2023.

Plant-Based Diets versus the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Their Socio-Demographic Determinants in the Spanish Population: Influence on Health and Lifestyle Habits.

Plant-based diets are becoming more and more widespread among the Spanish population, progressively replacing the Mediterranean dietary pattern. Different studies have shown the motivations for adherence to these diets, and others have highlighted some health advantages and disadvantages. Further studies are needed to define the socio-demographic determinants that influence the choice of a plant-based diet and to study the relationship that the choice of dietary pattern has on the health and lifestyle habits of the population. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on the Spanish population. The NutSo-HH questionnaire, developed and validated by the research team, was used to gather socio-demographic, nutritional, social, and lifestyle information through non-probabilistic snowball sampling. The questionnaire was completed by 22,181 Spanish citizens, of whom only 19,211 were of interest to the study. The socio-demographic variables gender, age, educational level, income level, and place of residence do not seem to influence the prevalence of a plant-based diet (n = 1638) compared to a Mediterranean diet (n = 17,573). People following a vegetarian or vegan diet have a lower BMI, and they consume less fried food, fast food, and ultra-processed dishes and fewer energy drinks or sugary beverages. They also do more exercise and sleep longer hours, smoke less, and consume alcohol less frequently. However, there seem to be more diagnosed eating disorders among people who follow a plant-based diet than those who follow a Mediterranean diet. People who adopt a plant-based diet tend to exhibit healthier lifestyle patterns and consume fewer foods that are detrimental to their health. However, it is essential for such dietary choices to be supervised by healthcare professionals to mitigate the risk of maladaptive behaviors evolving into eating disorders.

Generational differences in lifestyle changes among outpatients with cardiovascular disease during the coronavirus disease pandemic

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant disruptions in various aspects of daily life. The Japanese Government declared a state of emergency in April 2020, which resulted in reduced physical activity. This study investigated the impact of these lifestyle changes by generation among outpatients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). In autumn 2020, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 1,156 CVD outpatients who visited the Department of Cardiology at our institution. The survey collected data on physical activities and changes in daily behaviors over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were classified into 3 age groups: middle-aged (n=114, ≤64 years old), semi-old (n=330, aged 65-74 years old), and old (n=712, ≥75 years old). The number of steps per day and sedentary time per day were compared between autumn 2019 and 2020, over the course of the pandemic. In autumn 2020, the number of steps per day was significantly decreased and sedentary time significantly increased in all age groups compared to the pre-pandemic levels. However, there were no significant differences in the extent of changes in steps per day or sedentary time over the study period across all age groups. Regarding changes in daily behaviors, only the old-age group reported a decline in volunteering and reduced utilization of daycare services. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changes in daily activities and lifestyles across all age groups. Because lifestyle patterns differ across generations, it may be necessary to implement age-specific interventions and procedures.

Higher adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is associated with better academic achievement in Spanish university students: A multicenter cross-sectional study

The objective was to assess the association of the overall score and different items of the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire with academic achievement in Spanish university students. We hypothesized that university students with greater adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) would have better academic achievement. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 266 first-year students from the University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, during the 2017–2018 academic year. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated with the 14-item MEDAS questionnaire. As an indicator variable for academic achievement, the average marks of the examinations required for access to Spanish universities were used. A total of 63 participants (23.6%) adhered to MedDiet recommendations. Analysis of covariance models showed that participants with higher adherence to the MedDiet had significantly higher scores on academic achievement than their peers with low adherence (P < .001) after controlling for potential confounders. Additionally, the evaluation of each item of the MEDAS questionnaire showed that a diet rich in olive oil, vegetables, fruits, legumes, fish and shellfish, and a low consumption of sweets and carbonated beverages were positively associated with academic achievement; nevertheless, wine intake was inversely associated. This study showed that Spanish university students had a low prevalence of good adherence to the MedDiet. Additionally, our results suggested that higher adherence to the MedDiet is associated with better academic achievement in Spanish university students. From a public health perspective and because of low adherence, it is important to continue to focus on promoting adherence to the MedDiet as part of a healthy lifestyle pattern to improve the academic performance of young university students.

The Impact of Displacement on Tribal Communities: A Reading of Rajam Krishnan's When the Kurunji Blooms through Michael M. Cernea's Impoverishment Risks and Reconstruction Model

The clutches of displacement are one among the many haunting issues that present-day societies face owing to postcolonial atrocities, disasters, and various development projects. Having been uprooted from their familiar surroundings means a multi-pronged disaster at every level for the societies facing such an experience. Disruption in lifestyle patterns, social networks and cultural security threatens the foundations of a community therefore producing conflicts at various layers. From prehistoric times Adivasis' existence has been devoid of mainland interferences due to which their voices are unable to reach national attention in the last few decades. When it comes to displacement of Adivasis, the hue and cry is far less compared to the other societies facing similar experiences. Rehabilitation is also in a state of lack. The distortion that might fall on Adivasi communities at the dawn of the development project can be seen in When the Kurunji Blooms by Rajam Krishnan. The novel pictures the fall of the Badagas, a community native to the Nigiri Hills, at the advent of the hydroelectric project that brings electricity, water, and education by shattering communal values. This paper attempts to read the novel along with the anthropologist Michael M. Cernea’s Impoverishment Risks and Reconstruction Model (IRR) as the model offers multiple critical lenses for textual analysis.

Assessment of dietary-lifestyle patterns and adherence to the USDA recommendations in Lebanese pregnant women amid the economic crisis: Findings from a national representative cross-sectional study.

As Lebanon's economic crisis become uncontrollable, Lebanese pregnant women face malnutrition, with many having to skip meals and switch to resort to cheap and unhealthy alternatives altogether. The objectives of the study were to assess the dietary and lifestyle patterns of Lebanese pregnant women and to evaluate their diets compliance with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) pregnancy recommendations, before and during the Lebanese escalating economic crisis. A cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2021 and January 2022. A validated self-administrated questionnaire was administered during the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy among 363 women in all Lebanese governorates. Most of the pregnant women were free of diseases. While the majority did not smoke, 14.1% smoked hookah / shisha during pregnancy. The adherence to the USDA recommendations in our sample did not significantly vary prior to and throughout the socioeconomic crisis, and it was generally low. Only the mean consumption of vegetables increased during the socioeconomic crisis (p<0.05). Regarding physical activity, while the proportion of active women slightly decreased during the socioeconomic crisis, around 55% were still active. In conclusion, higher attention should be given to the dietary habits and health of this critical population, through effective interventions that increase awareness and achieve measurable improvements.

The frequency of selective functional foods consumption is related to improved anthropometric obesity indices: A cross-sectional study in Greek and Cyprian adults

Background: Obesity remains a public health problem. Recent, novel strategies suggest thefrequent inclusion of functional foods for better management of adiposity markers and obesityprevention. Numerous epidemiological and clinical studies demonstrate specific naturalfunctional foods of the Mediterranean Diet and innovative processed foods, enhanced withbioactive compounds, that they may present a possible beneficial role on this approach. Methods: In this cross-sectional epidemiological study, 319 Greeks and Cyprians, aged 18-75years were voluntary recruited in personal interviews. A validated Functional Food Frequency ofConsumption (FFFQ) was filled out, recording the frequency of selective functional foodsconsumption, following by anthropometric and body composition evaluations. Data collectionand statistical analysis were conducted, to assess the possible association of functional foodsfrequency of consumption with adiposity markers. Results: Olive oil is a main part of the daily diet of the representative sample of Greek andCyprian population and its frequency of intake was inversely related to body weight, taking intoaccount the lifestyle pattern and social parameters. Considering general habits andsociodemographic characteristics, Body Mass Index (BMI) was directly associated with thefrequency of consumption of split peas, turmeric, cinnamon, honey, whole wheat- and gluten-free pasta, as well as of gluten-free and enhanced bakeries. These functional food groups areconsumed by majority in a monthly basis, except of honey which is weekly consumed by themajority of the study population. Conclusion: The results suggest that the daily intake of olive oil, as the main characteristic ofMediterranean Diet, may be effective on body weight management. The frequency rise ofspecific spices, honey, functional pasta and bakeries consumption, may lead to increases inmarkers of adiposity. Further research is needed to safely conclude to these claims and theimplementation of nutritional treatment programs with functional foods may prove effective inthe prevention and management of obesity. Keywords: epidemiological study; functional foods; frequency of consumption; obesity;adiposity association; Greeks; Cyprians

CONSUMER INSIGHTS AND MARKET TRENDS IN LACTATION SUPPLEMENTS: NIGERIA AND THE US PERSPECTIVE

This review presents an analysis and comparison of consumer behavior, preferences, and market trends in lactation supplements, focusing on Nigeria and the US. The study aims to identify key differences and similarities in consumer expectations, shedding light on the factors influencing the demand for lactation supplements in both countries. In Nigeria, cultural beliefs and practices play a significant role in shaping consumer behavior towards lactation supplements. Traditional remedies and herbal preparations are often preferred, reflecting a deep-rooted trust in natural products. However, there is a growing awareness of modern lactation supplements, driven by increased access to information and changing lifestyle patterns. In contrast, the US market for lactation supplements is characterized by a strong preference for science-backed products. Consumers in the US tend to prioritize safety, efficacy, and convenience, seeking products that are supported by clinical evidence and regulatory approval. The influence of healthcare providers and online reviews is particularly pronounced in shaping consumer choices. Despite these differences, several common trends emerge in consumer expectations for lactation supplements. Both Nigerian and US consumers value product transparency, seeking clear information on ingredients, sourcing, and manufacturing practices. Additionally, affordability and accessibility are key considerations for consumers in both countries, with a growing demand for lactation supplements that are affordable and readily available. Overall, this study highlights the complex interplay of cultural, economic, and regulatory factors shaping consumer behavior and market trends in lactation supplements. By understanding these dynamics, manufacturers and marketers can tailor their products and strategies to meet the evolving needs and preferences of consumers in Nigeria and the US.&#x0D; Keywords: Consumer Insights, Market Trend, Lactation, Supplements, Perspective.

The Bitemporal Lens Model-toward a holistic approach to chronic disease prevention with digital biomarkers.

We introduce the Bitemporal Lens Model, a comprehensive methodology for chronic disease prevention using digital biomarkers. The Bitemporal Lens Model integrates the change-point model, focusing on critical disease-specific parameters, and the recurrent-pattern model, emphasizing lifestyle and behavioral patterns, for early risk identification. By incorporating both the change-point and recurrent-pattern models, the Bitemporal Lens Model offers a comprehensive approach to preventive healthcare, enabling a more nuanced understanding of individual health trajectories, demonstrated through its application in cardiovascular disease prevention. We explore the benefits of the Bitemporal Lens Model, highlighting its capacity for personalized risk assessment through the integration of two distinct lenses. We also acknowledge challenges associated with handling intricate data across dual temporal dimensions, maintaining data integrity, and addressing ethical concerns pertaining to privacy and data protection. The Bitemporal Lens Model presents a novel approach to enhancing preventive healthcare effectiveness.

Lifelong psychological and lifestyle features in relation to cardiovascular disease development: A narrative review

Despite the extensive literature on individual risk factors, such as diet, physical activity, body weight, smoking habits, and mental health characteristics, the literature on different lifestyle and mental health patterns, their evolution over time, and how these factors interact and synergistically affect cardiovascular health is sparse. The need for longitudinally studying these characteristics is currently being highlighted by the limited studies with repeated measurements. This review summarizes the literature concerning lifestyle and psychological characteristics, both well-studied (e.g., diet, physical activity, smoking habits, chronic stress and depression), as well as newly proposed characteristics (e.g., sleep habits, positive psychology characteristics) and their longitudinal association with cardiovascular disease. Studies with data on lifelong characteristics are not always comparable and have found mixed results, especially concerning changes in characteristics such as quitting smoking or starting to be physically active later in life. Therefore, further research is warranted for the implementation of future preventive strategies for cardiovascular disease.

Economic, Cultural, Social Determinants of Black Women Obesity

Obesity is a widespread problem in the United States, particularly affecting Black communities. It is a public health problem, a long-term, cumulative issue of economic and social justice and inequality for this demographic group. Thus, the key to solving it is to eliminate persistent structural root causes. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in 2022, the prevalence of obesity among African American adults is 49.5%, with Black women having the highest prevalence compared to other racial and ethnic groups. The main purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive literature review that examines the multifaceted factors contributing to obesity among African American women, as well as systematise the determinants related to the economic well-being of the community, social factors, cultural patterns of lifestyle in the community, etc. The analysis revealed a clear inverse relationship between income and obesity among African Americans, with this trend being particularly pronounced among women than men and differing across age groups in black communities. The economic determinants of obesity in Black women are related to the fact that low-income households have limited access to affordable and nutritious food and are regularly exposed to stress related to financial difficulties, with so-called “food swamps” and “food deserts” being common in low-income areas. The social determinants of obesity are related to the fact that Black women face higher levels of racism and sexism than other demographic groups, and unequal social conditions cause structural disparities in health, education and employment. Psycho-social and cultural determinants (cultural norms of body image, social influencers, religion, social networks and family upbringing, etc.) play a key role in the emergence of the problem under study, so Black women often model their eating and physical activity habits by cultural traditions, and those who struggle with overweight may face stigma, social isolation and discrimination. The article makes recommendations for reducing obesity among Black women, which primarily relate to the development of culturally sensitive nutrition education programs, community-based health promotion programs, community-centered food policy advocacy, technology-based health platforms, public-private partnerships for affordable healthy food retail, etc.

A case-control study on asthma and obese patients: Influence of lifestyle patterns, serum trace elements, heavy metals, and total antioxidants

Background and aimAsthma is a chronic airway hyperresponsiveness disorder and Obese people have greater rates of asthma incidence and prevalence. Obesity, a complex condition, can cause nutritional metabolic problems that change trace elements and minerals. Trace element and antioxidant levels affect asthma aetiology. In this study, we aim to determine the serum levels of trace elements Zn, Fe, Cu, Mg, Co, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr, total antioxidants (TAS), and lifestyle that determine specific clinical conditions in asthma and obesity patients from Vellore City (Tamil Nadu, India). MethodsA case-control study to determine the level of the serum trace elements with 838 subjects (n = 242 asthma patients, n = 140 asthmatic obese, n = 185 obese patients, and n = 271 controls) between the ages of 20 and 60 years was carried out. Asthma was diagnosed based on the clinical examination and pulmonary function tests. Trace element levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) in serum, and a DPPH-free radical scavenging assay was used to determine the total antioxidant capacity level in serum. ResultIn asthma male patients, serum levels of Zn, Fe, Cu, Mg, and TAS were significantly lower and Pb, Cd, and Cr significantly higher, whereas in female asthma patients, serum levels of Zn, Fe, Mg, and TAS were significantly lower and Pb significantly higher. In asthmatic obese male patients, Fe, Cu, and TAS were significantly lower, and Pb, Cd, and Co were significantly higher; in asthmatic obese female patients, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mg, and TAS were significantly lower, and Ni was significantly higher. In obese male patients, Zn, Fe, Cu, and TAS were significantly lower and Cd was significantly higher, and in obese female patients, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mg, and TAS were significantly lower. ConclusionThe influence of the level of trace elements, heavy metal, total antioxidant, and the lifestyle patterns, may increase the risk of asthma and obesity.

IJCM_132A: The impact of eating habits on BMI: a cross-sectional study among college students in Kerala

Background: Major nutritional issues in today’s world are overweight and underweight which is greatly influenced by lifestyle choices and eating habits. Healthy eating and lifestyle habits are shaped during the adolescent period and become permanent, so adolescence is a crucial period for establishing long-term habits. This study aims to explore the correlation between college students’ eating habits and their Body Mass Index (BMI). Objectives: 1. To evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among college students in Kerala. 2. To determine the association between the effects of eating habits and lifestyle factors on BMI. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among college students belonging to different professional colleges in Kerala from February 2023 to August 2023. A random sampling technique was used to select colleges in Kerala. A total of 502 students participated in the study. Study variables included sociodemographic data, BMI and eating habits assessed through a structured questionnaire. Participants who didn’t give consent were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS v22. Results: The total number of students who participated in the study was 502 including 157 males and 345 females. Most of the students were belonging to the age group of 20-23 years. Female students formed the majority of study subjects (68.72%). According to the Asia Pacific BMI classification, 20.3 were found to be obese. Among the students, obesity was found more commonly among male students (30.6%) compared to female students (15.7%). Obese students were found to eat more under stress (51%) compared to students with normal BMI (30.3%) and it was found to be statistically significant (p Conclusion: The study showed that changing lifestyle patterns such as eating fatty foods and fried foods and eating under stress were found to have a direct impact on BMI.

Financial Management Behavior of Millennials

Finance is an important aspect of our daily lives. Managing our finances well can help us achieve our financial goals, face financial challenges, and build a more financially stable future. Financial management in the millennial generation is not yet optimal, there are still many problems faced, including high levels of debt, consumer lifestyle, lack of understanding about investment, changes in lifestyle and consumption patterns. This research study uses qualitative methods. This research study involved 3 informants to provide information related to the study carried out. The findings from this research are that the millennial generation has a diverse understanding of financial management, investment and debt management, the millennial generation shows a combination of internal and external locus of control in financial management and the COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant changes in expenditure, income, and the financial habits of the millennial generation. They are more careful in managing their finances, prioritizing important expenses, and strengthening long-term financial preparations.