Patterns Of Globalization Research Articles

Exploring internal crisis communication in multicultural environments

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore managers’ perspectives on and practices of internal crisis communication in multicultural environments.Design/methodology/approach– After a review of relevant literature on crisis, culture and internal communication to define the framework and relevance of this study, results from qualitative interviews with Danish managers are presented.Findings– Interviewees acknowledge the relevance of the cultural backgrounds of employees in relation to internal communication, especially in crisis situations. Cultural aspects affect message framing and employee sensemaking, especially when it comes to employees located in other countries. Line managers and local communicators are key in the adaptation of verbal and non-verbal communicative features. Employees are also seen as active sensegivers and communicators.Research limitations/implications– Findings show how demographic and globalisation patterns, which are changing domestic and international workplaces, have important implications for internal communication and internal crisis communication. There is therefore a call for further research, especially from the perspective of employees.Originality/value– Although cultural aspects have been highlighted as a recurrent feature of most crises today, and one of the new research areas to be explored, studies within this area are very few and concern mainly external audiences and practices. The present research study contributes to this overlooked area by offering valuable insights into internal crisis communication in organisations with a multicultural environment.

The world without Bandung, or for a polycentric system with no hegemony

ABSTRACTThe first wave of revival of States and nations of Asia and Africa which shaped major changes in the history of humankind organized itself in the Bandung spirit in the frame of countries Non-Aligned on colonialism and neo colonialism, the pattern of globalization at that time. Now, the same nations, as well as those of Latin America and the Caribbean, are challenged by neo-liberal globalization, which is no less imbalanced by nature. Therefore, they must unite to face the challenge successfully as they did in the past. In some countries “sovereign” projects are developed that associate active State policies aimed at systematically constructing a national integrated consistent modern industrial productive system, supported by an aggressive export capacity. Views with respect to the degree, format and eventual regulation of opening to foreign capital and financial flows of all kinds (foreign direct investments, portfolio investments, speculative financial investments) differ from country to country. Policies pursued with respect to the access to land and other natural resources also offer a wide spectrum of different choices and priorities.

Afterword: toward pluralist policies, practices, and research

Due to globalization, technological advances, and continual migration patterns, educators and policy makers around the world have to deal with increasingly complex teaching and learning contexts th...

Minoritynationals

Purpose – This paper aims to conduct a longitudinal analysis of the patterns of internationalisation of multinational corporations and provide a measure of their degree of globalisation at the firm-level. There is much debate in the literature on the regional nature of the globalisation of multinational corporations (Rugman and Oh, 2013). Design/methodology/approach – The authors use firm-level sales data to analyse the location of sales and patterns of globalisation of 1,276 companies across ten countries and ten industries from 1998-2012. Findings – The results show that while international sales are rising and the proportion of home region-oriented firms is falling, the majority of sales of the companies in our data set continues to be in the Triad, with little growth in non-Triad regions. The authors find one common theme for the majority of countries, an increase in sales to Asia yet concentrated in just four industries, financials, basic materials, oil and gas and technology. Despite an increase in the percentage of host-region, bi-regional and global companies, 62.6 per cent of the firms have not changed multinational classification over the 15-year period, 43.1 per cent have not expanded out of their home region and 16.4 per cent have not expanded out of their home market. The authors find some evidence of liabilities of interregional foreignness at the industry and country level. The authors show regional sales are moving towards matching global economic activity for the 50 most globalised firms in our study but less so for the other firms in our sample. Overall, the results show that the majority of the growth in internationalisation comes from a small minority of firms. Originality/value – The authors make several advances across the literature on internationalisation, including a more in-depth longitudinal analysis of firm-level multinationality than exists to date and a novel method of measuring firm-level globalisation.

Solomon Islands in Transition?

ABSTRACTThe notion of ‘transition’ as used to describe the recent drawdown of the decade-long Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI) provides an obvious departure point for considering what other transformations – social, political and economic – are under way in the archipelagic nation. Yet the contributions to this special issue collectively reject the teleological language of transition and transformation deployed by many development actors in favour of a more nuanced and historically informed understanding of the central dialect between change and continuity, with change in Solomon Islands occurring slowly and in distinctly non-linear ways. This dialectic is traced and interrogated in various ways by the contributors to this issue. One broad theme concerns the contested narratives of changing state–society relations and, in particular, those between the central government and the rural localities where most Solomon Islanders continue to reside. Another is the changing social relations around land and natural resources engendered by ongoing processes of globalisation and persistent patterns of demographic change, migration and urbanisation. These and other processes of historical change, including state formation and capital accumulation, are also shaped by the enduring realities of scale and distance integral to Solomon Islands archipelagic geography. In this essay we explore these themes of change and continuity in Solomon Islands, positioning the individual contributions within this larger trajectory of slow-paced and distinctly non-linear change. Drawing heuristically on RAMSI's genesis in the state-building moment that dominated international relations during the first decade of this century, we also examine the distinction between ‘state-building’ and ‘state formation’ in the Solomon Islands context and, in doing so, contrast the tropes of state failure, weakness and fragility against narratives of resilience, tenacity, innovation and experimentation.

Lifestyle migration and socio-spatial segregation in the urban(izing) landscapes of Cuenca (Ecuador) and Guanacaste (Costa Rica)

Globalization and changing mobility patterns have significantly altered the urban landscapes of Latin America over the past decades. Efforts by the state and the private sector to regenerate urban areas and free up land for the sake of investment and wealthy city dwellers have shaped processes of privatization and socio-spatial segregation. While ‘privileged mobilities’ such as lifestyle migration can be assumed to play a role in such urban transformations, research on the link between urban change and lifestyle migration in Latin America is still in its infancy. This paper focuses on the impact of lifestyle migration on the extent and speed of socio-spatial change in intermediate cities and urbanizing regions. More concretely, the paper underscores the importance of lifestyle migration in shaping contemporary urban space in Latin America by comparing socio-spatial transformations in Cuenca, an intermediate city in southern Ecuador, and the urbanizing coast of Guanacaste province in northwest Costa Rica. These research sites currently are two of Latin America's main destinations for international lifestyle migrants, and hence are experiencing escalating real estate development. Both areas have developed into increasingly exclusivist spaces and as such show that intermediate cities and urbanizing regions can no longer escape the spatial segregation, gentrification and inequality that used to be associated almost solely with metropolitan centers.

An empirical investigation of ethnic food consumption

Purpose– Due to globalization and latest immigration patterns, ethnic subgroups are emerging in almost all the advanced countries resulting in significant increase in ethnic food consumption; to which many issues are attached which are not adequately addressed in marketing literature. Recently, marketing researchers have started paying attention to different perspectives of ethnic consumption in intra-national contexts. Halal is one of such fastest growing ethnic food in western societies. The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively study Halal food consumption in majority ethnic groups in relation to possible resistances and acculturation in multicultural society of UK.Design/methodology/approach– The questionnaire survey was used to collect data.Findings– The model was developed by using structural equation modeling (SEM) which shows that both consumer animosity and consumer racism negatively affect willingness to buy Halal food by majority ethnic groups whereas ongoing acculturation moderates these relationships.Research limitations/implications– The main limitation of this study is use of a combination of convenience sampling and snowball sampling.Practical implications– The findings can guide ethnic researchers and food marketers to devise prudent marketing strategies to deal with ethnic food consumption issues.Social implications– This study will bridge a gap in ensuring intercultural harmony by dealing with a market reality.Originality/value– This work has a potential to instigate future research in much needed area of changing food consumption behavior in multicultural societies and its implications.

Analysis of globalization and “Englishization” in Pakistan

Through framework of theories analyzing globalization, and secondary data, this paper asks, how globalization through “Englishization” affects Pakistani societies. Language is an important tool for globalization where the world is communicating in few dominant languages. English has become the language of globalization in many countries especially developing countries like Pakistan. Pakistan is a developing country with low rate of literacy. Despite the fact that about half of Pakistani population cannot read, write or speak English, English has been the official language of Pakistan. The desire to actively participate in national and international levels and the perception of the Pakistani people about English as a language of civilized people have also pushed Pakistan to focus on English as the medium of instruction in schools. However, as there is quality discrepancy within Pakistani schools, this policy is benefiting more to the powerful people who send their children to high-quality local and international schools, widening the gap between the powerful and less powerful societies. The paper provides an overview of changing patterns of globalization in connection with English language, and explores the moving patterns of society and education towards a dominant language in Pakistan.

Research Perspectives on the Impact of Media on Children and Young Adults

This article in its theoretical as well as empirical part shows the research results which point to the fact that the new media change habits and values of young people and children. Under the spread of technical globalization patterns of behaviour, up-bringing, learning and preferences are being changed. Some research results point to the fact that the media are more and more turning into a source of manipulation and addiction, instead of being a source of information, education and entertainment. The phenomenon of the so called cyber space media culture is ever more present and carries multiple implications on consciousness and behaviour of young people and children. Communicational theoreticians, sociologists, media pedagogues and mediology experts agree with the thesis that social power is held by those who control information. Powerful corporations, using the media, are turning children into passive consumers, addicted to things and incapable to differentiate the authentic from the non-authentic reality. By erasing the boundaries between the real and the imagined these media become the means of ideology of seduction and, with the doctrine of radical moral relativism, turn homo sapiens-communicans into homo consumens, with especially negative implications of (such) media socialization on the up-bringing of children and young people.However, there are also positive examples listed in this dissertation concerning the use of new media in contemporary ways of learning and education. The article contains many research results and examples of disturbance of educational and communicational processes via entertainment industry, advertising fetishism, beauty cult, virtual reality etc.Media as the carriers of symbolic messages are the main analytical point in the empirical part of this work. This part of the article presents the research among 430 participants, among whom were 306 students of seventh and eighth grades, 92 parents and 42 teachers, from four primary schools in Zadar County and the County of Split-Dalmatia. The achieved results argue the given hypotheses through numerous indicators from the answers to the question of when and how the primary school children become the children of media. The analyses of the gained results converge with theoretical starting points of the article concerning the need to implement media education into school curriculum.

Africa and the Indian Ocean

The papers presented in this special issue of the African Archaeological Review all explore interactions between particular African regions and the Indian Ocean from prehistory to the present. The scholarly interest in this theme is manifested in numerous conferences and seminars that have taken place over the last 20 years. These seven articles present different kinds of empirical material and analytical approaches. Exploration of our empirical theme had to confront a particular bias that seems inherent in our discipline: namely the way area-study specialization tends to narrow our search for wider culture-historical influences. Africanists become inclined to search for African connections while Indologists focus on Indian connections. This may even lead to different conceptual orientations that may serve to limit scholarly exchanges between archaeologists working in Africa and in Asia. This becomes particularly problematic with the development of scholarship focusing on various classical traditions characterizing the complex societies of Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent. The first paper, by Nicole Boivin, Alison Crowther, Mary Prendergast and Dorian Q. Fuller, “Indian Ocean Food Globalisation and Africa,” covers a long timespan, from 4,000 years ago to the recent period. The authors explore the patterns of food globalization vis-a-vis Africa, focusing especially on the arrival of new food crops and domesticated animals in Africa and also touching on flows from Africa to the broader Indian Ocean world. They use archaeological, archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological materials, as well as historical and ethnographic sources. Drawing on data from the interdisciplinary Sealinks Project, they explore how seafaring activities in the Indian Ocean changed over time and how this had impact on dispersals of plants, animals, material objects, people and ideas. More than 4,000 years of seafaring between the Indus and Mesopotamian civilizations was well established. In the first centuries BCE, Indians had discovered that they could sail across the Indian Ocean by using the seasonal changes of the monsoon. According to the account of the Periplus from the first century CE, this stimulated increased open-sea seafaring between India and the Red Sea. Afr Archaeol Rev (2014) 31:543–545 DOI 10.1007/s10437-014-9177-0

Indian Ocean Food Globalisation and Africa

While Africa has sometimes been peripheral to accounts of the early Indian Ocean world, studies of food globalisation necessarily place it centre stage. Africa has dispatched and received an extraordinary range of plants, animals and foodstuffs through Indian Ocean trade and other avenues. Here we explore these patterns of food globalisation vis-a-vis Africa, focusing in particular on the arrival of new food crops and domesticated animals in Africa, but also touching on flows from Africa to the broader Indian Ocean world. We look at archaeological evidence, drawing in particular on new datasets emerging through the increasing application of archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological methods in African and Indian Ocean archaeology, and also draw on historical and ethnographic sources. We argue that the evidence points to a broadly Medieval and post-Medieval pattern of introduction, with little evidence for the earlier arrivals or culinary impacts argued by some. We also undertake consideration of questions about how and why new crops, animals, spices, and agricultural and culinary technologies come to be accepted by African societies, issues that are often overlooked in the literature.

Translation of interviews from a source language to a target language: examining issues in cross-cultural health care research.

To illuminate translation practice in cross-language interview in health care research and its impact on the construction of the data. Globalisation and changing patterns of migration have created changes to the world's demography; this has presented challenges for overarching social domains, specifically, in the health sector. Providing ethno-cultural health services is a timely and central facet in an ever-increasingly diverse world. Nursing and other health sectors employ cross-language research to provide knowledge and understanding of the needs of minority groups, which underpins cultural-sensitive care services. However, when cultural and linguistic differences exist, they pose unique complexities for cross-cultural health care research; particularly in qualitative research where narrative data are central for communication as most participants prefer to tell their story in their native language. Consequently, translation is often unavoidable in order to make a respondent's narrative vivid and comprehensible, yet, there is no consensus about how researchers should address this vital issue. An integrative literature review. PubMed and CINAHL databases were searched for relevant studies published before January 2014, and hand searched reference lists of studies were selected. This review of cross-language health care studies highlighted three major themes, which identify factors often reported to affect the translation and production of data in cross-language research: (1) translation style; (2) translators; and (3) trustworthiness of the data. A plan detailing the translation process and analysis of health care data must be determined from the study outset to ensure credibility is maintained. A transparent and systematic approach in reporting the translation process not only enhances the integrity of the findings but also provides overall rigour and auditability. It is important that minority groups have a voice in health care research which, if accurately translated, will enable nurses to improve culturally relevant care.

National Identity, Plurality and Interculturalism

AbstractThis article examines the similarities and differences between multiculturalism and interculturalism, with particular reference to the impact of globalisation and changing patterns of diversity. It reflects briefly on the origins of multiculturalism—largely from a European perspective—with its focus on ‘race’ and the socio‐economic analysis that accompanied it. The article suggests that while multiculturalism was right to continue to focus on inequalities, it failed to adapt to super‐diversity and the multifaceted aspects of difference and ‘otherness’, including those based on disability, age and gender. Further, while multiculturalism became rooted in intra‐national differences, between minority and majority populations, an intercultural approach is now necessary to support the changing patterns of national identity and respond to the recent challenge posed by the growth of far‐right and popular extremist parties (PEPs).

The future of emissions trading

Over the past 15 years, carbon markets have been set up by private and public actors at various geographic scales and with varying financial scope. The history of the early stage of carbon markets reveals a mixed record: the instrument diffused widely across the globe, while existing carbon markets performed rather slow, though anecdotal evidence suggests positive side effects on climate policymaking. Going forward, three key driving forces are likely to shape the future of emissions trading: (1) the source and sustainability of political demand for climate action in general and carbon markets in particular, (2) the governance of operating carbon markets including questions of bureaucratic capacity and regulatory capture, and (3) the pattern of market globalization, which encompasses issues of carbon price comparability, market linkage, and expansion. Depending on how these driving forces and fault lines play out, a number of scenarios are possible, ranging from strongly embedded and effective carbon markets to their collapse. The trajectory to any one of these scenarios could be characterized by tipping points, which are likely to come about incrementally. WIREs Clim Change 2014, 5:569–576. doi: 10.1002/wcc.293This article is categorized under: Climate Economics > Economics of Mitigation The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Policies, Instruments, Lifestyles, Behavior Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance

Openness to Globalization and Regional Growth Patterns inCEECountries: From theEUAccession to the Economic Crisis

AbstractIn the last decades a deep process of institutional reforms and economic reorganization took place in central and easternEUcountries (CEE). These changes occurred in a context of general economic integration. On the one hand, theEuropeanUnion enlargement programme was launched and allCEEcountries applied to becomeEUmember between 1994 and 1996. On the other hand, the globalization of the world economy characterized this historical phase. This article explores to what extent openness to global markets mediated the impact ofEUintegration on the economic performance ofCEEregions in different periods. The periods examined are defined by the main institutional changes that occurred on the road towardsEUintegration. Results show that globally open regions performed better than the others, at least in the first two periods analyzed.

What Friends are Made of: Bilateral Linkages and Domestic Drivers of Foreign Policy Alignment with China

With China's emergence as a global power, it is commonly assumed that the Chinese leadership's influence in international politics has increased considerably. However, systematic studies of China's impact on the foreign policy behavior of other states are rare and generally limited to questions regarding economic capabilities and the use of coercive power. This paper seeks to contribute to the literature on China's global political rise by taking a broader perspective. Drawing on voting data from the UN General Assembly for the last two decades, it explores the plausibility of different explanations for foreign policy similarity: economic, diplomatic and military linkages; domestic institutional similarities; and parallel problem-solving processes. The logistic regression analyses find that high levels of foreign policy similarity correlate with shared regime characteristics and comparable patterns of political globalization. The results further indicate that foreign aid seems to help buy support in global politics.

Sustainability, Globalization, and the Energy Sector Europe in a Global Perspective

In this article, we analyze the socioeconomic effects of energy sustainability challenges raised by oil depletion and climate change at the European and global levels. We assess macroeconomic impacts at different period markers from 2010 to 2100 and under different visions of the future of globalization. Fragmented capital markets affect the pace and direction of change and induce additional economic losses in the long term. Regionalized good markets have a positive effect in the long term because less intense international trade moderates the effects of fossil fuel constraints. A sustainable energy future will require implementing policies and measures that are able to (a) provide correct incentives for long-term investments by resorting to other signals than current market prices, (b) incorporate sectoral measures that act complementarily to pricing scheme measures for sectors confronted with biased agents’ behaviors or strong inertias, and (c) foster globalization patterns that are consistent with energy sustainability objectives. The challenge consists in articulating the objectives and the instruments of these different policy and measures triggering the transition toward a sustainable future.

Location and the Categorical Imperative: Identity Rebellion in the Indian I.T. Services Industry

In recent years, a substantial stream of research has developed on the distinctive globalization patterns of emerging economy MNCs. We find that the extant discussions are limited in so far as they are advantage-centric and location-agnostic. Further, they fail to take account of the curse of the 'low cost' value proposition emblematic of the prototypical emerging economy MNC. Building upon the categorization literature in organization theory, we invoke a novel perspective on location that is mindful of location-specific disadvantages. We conduct a comparative case analysis of two firms in the Indian I.T. services category during 1991 to 2005. Using qualitative data procedures, we present a process model of 'identity rebellion' that explains how emerging economy MNCs manoeuvre around their 'low cost' category identity as they develop capabilities for higher margin activities in the value chain. We contribute to theory on how location shapes categories and how category members can rebel against the sanctioned attributes of the category.

Internet-based surveillance systems for monitoring emerging infectious diseases.

Emerging infectious diseases present a complex challenge to public health officials and governments; these challenges have been compounded by rapidly shifting patterns of human behaviour and globalisation. The increase in emerging infectious diseases has led to calls for new technologies and approaches for detection, tracking, reporting, and response. Internet-based surveillance systems offer a novel and developing means of monitoring conditions of public health concern, including emerging infectious diseases. We review studies that have exploited internet use and search trends to monitor two such diseases: influenza and dengue. Internet-based surveillance systems have good congruence with traditional surveillance approaches. Additionally, internet-based approaches are logistically and economically appealing. However, they do not have the capacity to replace traditional surveillance systems; they should not be viewed as an alternative, but rather an extension. Future research should focus on using data generated through internet-based surveillance and response systems to bolster the capacity of traditional surveillance systems for emerging infectious diseases.

Globalization and Distorted Development: In Search of a System Perspective for Sustainability

The controversial relationship between globalization and social development still dominates the intellectual and socio-political debate of our days. The 21st century has evolved, so far, without an agreement between those who promise prosperity and opportunities in an expanded and international world market and those who claim that globalization, as it has been carried on today, is a negative force for peace, equity, and social development.While the most visible effects of globalization include the internationalization of the world economy, the expansion of markets, and a growing interconnectedness among countries, the process also carries major consequences for social development. In fact, the most serious consequence, especially in Third World countries, is the inability of national governments to invest in programs of social welfare. Policies of national development are being reduced as the role of the state is being diminished. Today, social stratification has become international while inequality remains global.As demonstrated by today’s financial and economic international crisis, current patterns of globalization reaffirm a growing interdependence of the world economy, modern technology, and communications. The same process, however, carries little or no change in old conditions of international stratification, global inequality, and insufficient efforts for social development.This paper examines three main issues pertinent to globalization:(1) First, the notion that globalization is a new phenomenon and a different paradigm is highly questionable. Less developed countries have had long histories of dependent relationships and vulnerability to external political and economic powers. (2) Globalization has produced conditions of “distorted development” characterized by economic growth without social development. (3) More functional and sustainable relationships between globalization and social development are explored and discussed. The paper reviews sociocybernetic principles of the “Viable System” suggested by Stafford Beer.