Pattern Of Dyslipidemia Research Articles

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hypokalemia in Primary Aldosteronism Among Chinese Population.

BackgroundIn recent years, evidence that aldosteronism is a risk factor for metabolic disorders has increased. This study was designed to investigate the role of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hypokalemia in primary aldosteronism (PA).MethodsA total of 222 patients diagnosed with PA and 222 non-PA patients were included in our study. Demographic data, medical histories, clinical evaluations, complete blood counts, serum biochemical analyses, aldosterone and potassium levels were obtained. Data are presented as the means ± standard deviation (SD). To compare the parameters between cases and controls, Student’s t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests were used for continuous variables, and χ2 tests were used for categorical variables. Pearson correlation analysis was used to define relationships between pairs of parameters. A two-sided P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the independent effects of potassium and other metabolic variables on NAFLD in PA patients.ResultsThe diagnosis of NAFLD was more common in PA patients (n=222, 35.1%) than in non-PA subjects (29.7%). PA patients with and without NAFLD had similar metabolic imbalance characteristics. In PA patients with hypokalemia, relatively higher prevalences of NAFLD (44% vs. 27%, P < 0.05) and diabetes mellitus (19.8% vs. 9.9%, P < 0.05) were observed. Hypokalemic PA patients had a worse metabolic status than PA patients without hypokalemia, including higher body mass index (BMI) (25.4 ± 3.4 vs. 24.1 ± 3.9 kg/m2, P < 0.05), more severe dyslipidemia as well as insulin resistance, higher serum uric acid levels (354 ± 95 vs. 319 ± 87 μmol/L, P < 0.01) and aggravated inflammation.ConclusionThe prevalence of NAFLD was higher in PA patients than in non-PA patients, although the patterns of obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance were similar. Hypokalemic PA patients had a worse metabolic status than normokalemic PA patients. This study provides new insights that can inform further mechanistic studies about metabolic imbalance in patients with aldosteronism.

A cross-sectional study to assess lipid profile &amp; atherogenic index of plasma in premenopausal &amp; post menopausal women in rural Telangana

: Menopause is associated with various hormonal changes which are accountable for the dyslipidemic pattern seen in postmenopausal women. This deranged lipid profile in postmenopausal women is indicative of their susceptibility to various cardiovascular diseases.: The aim of the study is to estimate and compare serum lipid profile and Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) among premenopausal and postmenopausal women.: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Mahavir institute of medical sciences (MIMS), Vikarabad for a period of 3 months.Fasting samples were collected from 100 healthy female volunteers of which 50 were premenopausal women and the other 50 were postmenopausal women. Lipid profile was performed on all samples and AIP was calculated.Carried out in the two groups using paired t tests. Results were expressed as mean ±SD. p value of &amp;#60; 0.05 was considered to be significant.: Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TAG), Low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) were statistically significantly increased in postmenopausal women as compared to premenopausal women. Atherogenic index plasma (AIP) was elevated in postmenopausal women’s group.Lipid profile screening should be mandatory in postmenopausal women as the hormonal disturbances make them more vulnerable to cardiovascular diseases and its associated complications.

Association of Glycated Hemoglobin and Dyslipidemia Inpatients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a K.M.C.H. Katihar, Bihar-A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional and Descriptive Study

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in diabetesmellitusType2.The aim of the study was to understand the pattern of dyslipidemia and its association withglycated hemoglobin (HBA1C) among Type 2 diabetic.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study to assess the relationship betweenglycemic control (as reflected by HBA1C) and serum lipid profile in Type2 diabetic patients which includeda total of 200 Type2 diabetic patients (104 males; 96 females; mean age years 62.91). Venous blood sampleswere collected from all the patients after at least 8 h fasting.Results: HBA1C, fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were analyzed. In male and femalepatient, serum levels of HBA1C, FBG, and LDL were not significantly different. As compared to males,female patients showed significantly higher serum cholesterol and HDL but significantly lower TG levels.Correlation between HBA1C and FBG was highly significant in this study. Both HBA1C and FBG exhibiteddirect correlations with cholesterol, TG, and LDL and inverse correlation with HDL; the magnitude ofsignificance for all these lipid parameters being greater with HBAIC than FBG. There was a linearrelationship between HBA1C and dyslipidemia. The levels of serum cholesterol and TG were significantlyhigher and of HDL significantly lower in patients with worse glycemic control as compared to patients withgood glycemic control.Conclusion: The findings of this study clearly showed that HBA1C is not only a useful biomarker of longtermglycemic control but also a good predictor of lipid profile.

Diabetes Lipidus - A persistent problem. Frequency and patterns of dyslipidemia among the diabetic adults of Pakistan.

Objective: To determine the frequency of dyslipidemia and its types in adult diabetics of Karachi. Study Design: Cross Sectional, Observational study. Setting: Diabetic Outpatient Clinic in JPMC, Karachi. Period: January 2019 to June 2019. Material &amp; Methods: 248 adult diabetics presenting in diabetic outpatient clinic in JPMC, Karachi selected by non-purposive convenient sample technique. Diagnosed diabetics who were not on any lipid lowering therapy were included in the study. Non diabetics and those diabetics who are already on lipid lowering drugs were excluded. After relevant information is taken the lipid profile of the participants was done with a 12 hours fasting and the data was secured on a pre-designed performa. The results were analyzed on SPSS. Results: Among the 248 diabetics that presented 88(35.4%) were males and 160(64.5%) were females. The prevalence of dyslipidemia is 85.9% (213 diabetics had dyslipidemia). High triglycerides were present in 52.4% (130), high LDL in 28.2% (70) and low HDL in 175(70.6%). [P=0.000]. At least one dyslipidemic factor was deranged in 81(32.7%), two in 102(41.1%) and 3 in 30(12.1%) persons. In males, 53 out of 88(60.2%) were dyslipidemic, and in females all had dyslipidemia (100%). [P = 0.000]. Hypertriglyceridemia was present in 38(43.1%) males and 92(57.5%) females [P=.021], High LDL in 21(23.8%) males and 49(44%) females [P=.163], while low HDL was present in 16(22%) males and 159(99%) females [P=.000]. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent in our population. Female diabetic patients had relatively higher triglycerides than men.

Mechanisms and Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is widespread throughout the world and is a powerful risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This manuscript explored the mechanisms underlying dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes as well as currently available treatment options and guideline recommendations. Type 2 diabetes is associated with a characteristic pattern of dyslipidemia, often termed diabetic dyslipidemia. Patients with type 2 diabetes often present with low HDL levels, elevated levels of small dense LDL particles, and elevated triglyceride levels. LDL lowering is the cornerstone of managing diabetic dyslipidemia, and statins are the mainstay of therapy. The cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibitors have also been shown to lower risk in patients with diabetes. Recently, the eicosapentaenoic (EPA) only n-3 fatty acid, icosapent ethyl, has also shown benefit for cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with diabetes. To date, no agents targeting HDL increase have shown cardiovascular benefit in patients on background statin therapy. Diabetic dyslipidemia is significant cardiovascular disease risk factor, and LDL-lowering therapy with statins, PCSK9 inhibitors, and ezetimibe continues to be mainstay therapy to reduce cardiovascular risk. Future studies targeting low HDL and high triglycerides levels associated with type 2 diabetes could provide additional novel therapies to manage diabetic dyslipidemia.

The Pattern of Dyslipidemia in Chronic Liver Disease Patients.

IntroductionPatients with chronic liver disease are expected to report derangements in serum lipid profiles. Lipid profile monitoring is not a part of the routine management of these patients in our hospital. Few recent studies show how lipid profile varies with the severity of disease and should be considered in the management planning of such patients. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of dyslipidemia in chronic liver disease patients.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 171 patients of all genders aged between 18 years and 60 years presenting with chronic liver disease with disease severity graded on Child-Pugh class as A, B, and C. Lipid profile was acquired in all these patients and was compared across various subgroups. Individual serum lipid parameters were graded as normal, high, or very high. Each patient was required to provide written informed consent. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY) was used to analyze data statistically, taking a p-value of ≤0.05 as significant.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 51.2±7.3 years. The male to female ratio came out to be 1.5:1, with 103 (60.2%) male and 68 (39.8%) female patients included in the study. The disease was classified as Child-Pugh A in 20 (11.7%) patients, Child-Pugh B in 67 (39.2%) patients, and Child-Pugh C in 84 (49.1%) patients. Forty-four (25.7%) patients were hypertensive while 62 (36.3%) were diabetic. The mean body mass index (BMI) of these patients was 25.9±2.4 kg/m2. Mean serum values among Child-Pugh A, Child-Pugh B, and Child-Pugh C of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) (113.15±14.08 vs. 95.58±14.25 vs. 53.46±5.90 mg/dl; p-value 0.001), high-density lipoproteins (HDL) (50.60±3.19 vs. 40.70±2.95 vs. 35.40±3.88 mg/dl; p-value 0.001), total cholesterol (174.20±17.33 vs. 164.00±17.82 vs. 128.64±24.73 mg/dl; p-value 0.001), and triglycerides (127.15±8.98 vs. 100.84±27.12 vs. 93.36±25.56 mg/dl; p-value 0.001) decreased significantly with increasing severity of disease. Nineteen (11.1%) patients had hyperlipidemia (serum values of two or more parameters above normal) while 152 (88.9%) patients had normal lipid profile. When stratified, no statistically significant difference was found in the frequency of hyperlipidemia across various subgroups based on the patient's gender, age, duration, and severity of the disease, BMI, or diabetic and hypertensive status.ConclusionsA substantial proportion of patients with chronic liver disease had hyperlipidemia which varied with the severity of disease on Child-Pugh classification. Routine monitoring of the lipid profile of such patients is necessary for timely identification and management of dyslipidemia to improve the outcome of such patients. It also suggests an important role of lipid profile in the risk stratification and treatment of chronic liver disease patients and warrants further studies in this regard.

Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in South Asians: A Review and Discussion of Causes, Challenges and Management Strategies.

South Asians are at a significantly increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). For a major portion of the South Asian population, the cardiovascular disease events occur at a relatively younger age, are associated with worse outcomes, and have potentially more severe socioeconomic implications compared to their western counterparts. The term "South Asian" typically constitutes individuals from India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Maldives, including expatriates as well as their families from these countries. Based on this, South Asians form approximately 25% of the world's population, with a high ASCVD burden in this group. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiological factors underlying ASCVD in South Asians, the dyslipidemia types and management, and discuss approaches to improve the overall ASCVD prevention efforts in this large subset population of the world. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the excess risk of cardiovascular disease in South Asians are multifactorial, dyslipidemia is a primary risk factor for the incidence and prevalence of this disease. The traditional "South Asian" dyslipidemia pattern includes levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the normal range with a high concentration of LDL particles, elevated triglycerides, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) with dysfunctional HDL particles, and high levels of lipoprotein(a). While combined efforts to study the expatriate South Asians in western countries have been able to identify South Asian specific dyslipidemias, causal associations and optimal management remain relatively less explored. Larger scale studies are needed to better quantify the relationship of each lipid parameter with ASCVD risk among South Asians as well as optimal lipid targets and management strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality in this high-risk group.

Patterns of dyslipidemia amongst hypertensive patients in Abuja, North Central Nigeria

Introductiondyslipidemia and hypertension are independent cardiovascular risk factors that are linked by insulin resistance and commonly coexist as components of the metabolic syndrome. The consequences of dyslipidaemic patterns includes high cardiovascular risk profile and sequalae. Data on lipid patterns amongst hypertensive patients in Abuja, a city with affluent pattern of life style and rising cardiovascular risk profile is very scanty or limited to just levels of total plasma cholesterol. This study was aimed at determining the pattern and frequencies of dyslipidaemic forms among hypertensive patients in Abuja.Methodsthis was a retrospective cohort study with the following data collected; socio-demographics, anthropometric measures and certain metabolic parameters from the new and old groups and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 23. All decisions were made using the assymp. Two-sided Pearson χ2 probability. Quantitative variables were expressed as means and standard deviations. Qualitative variables were expressed as percentages. A p-value of ≤0.05 was set as significant.Resultseight hundred and fifty eight (858) cases were enrolled for this study, 704 (82.1%) olds and 154 (17.9%) news. There were 251 (29.3%) males and 607 (70.7%) females. The means of the two groups were largely comparable. The commonest dyslipidaemic type was reduced High density lipoprotein, HDL (96.1%), followed by elevated low-density lipoprotein, LDL (78.6%), then, elevated total cholesterol, (62.3%) TCHOL and elevated triglycerides, TG 43.5%.Conclusiondyslipidemic forms are very common among hypertensive patients in Abuja, Nigeria, particularly reduced HDL. Some observed associations include; middle age, female gender, middle/upper socio-economic classes, low levels of physical activity, overweight/obesity, dysglycaemia and long-standing hypertension.

Study of fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and lipid profile in male and female type 2 diabetic patients

Background: Lipid abnormalities are more common in type 2 diabetes mellitus and are aggravated with poor glycaemic control. Lipid abnormalities play an important role in atherosclerosis, a leading cause of mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus. Thus there is a need to evaluate lipid profile and glycemic status in type 2 diabetes mellitus population and determine the major lipid risk factors for coronary artery disease. Present study focuses on the dyslipidemic pattern and glycemic status of male and female with type 2 diabetes mellitus.&#x0D; Methods: Total 270 patients with type 2 diabetes,age 30-60 years, both genderwere included for this crosssectional study which was carried out from January 2019 to December 2019at Bogura Diabetic Hospital, Bogura. A Structured questionnaire was prepared for each study subject after taking informed written consent. Detail personal, medical, family and socioeconomic history of study subjects were collected through history taking and review of clinical and biochemical records from the participants. Diabetic patients were diagnosed depending on history, clinical features and American Diabetes Association(ADA) criteria (2018). Fasting blood glucose, glycatedhaemoglobin (HbA1c)), fasting lipid profile were estimated in all study subjects by standard laboratory methods. Appropriate statistical tests were done.&#x0D; Results: Type 2 male diabetes mellitus participants showed mean fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were 8.64 ± 3.38(mmol/L),7.86 ± 2.36(%), 233.09 ± 73.71, 198.19 ± 61.38, 152.98 ± 57.33 and 40.41 ± 5.44 (mg/ dl)respectively. Incase of female patients,fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol 8.59 ± 3.62(mmol/L),7.88 ± 2.496(%),215.899 ± 83.01, 186.18 ± 67.595, 139.10 ± 65.59 and 40.28 ± 5.66 mg/dlrespectively. There were statistically significant difference (p &lt;0.05) of fasting blood glucose, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol between male and female type 2 diabetic patients.&#x0D; Conclusion: Our study had shown that total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein levels were significantly increased in male type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, compared with female type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, while high-density lipoprotein had shown a statistically non-significant difference.This study demonstrated the existence of dyslipidemia in male diabetic population than female which is major risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.&#x0D; Birdem Med J 2021; 11(1): 17-21

Pattern and Atherogenic Index of Dyslipidaemia among Hypertensive Patients

Objective: To describe the prevalence, pattern and atherogenic index of dyslipidaemia among hypertensive patients.Method: Cross-sectional study of hypertensive subjects at first presentation in a community-based cardiology clinic in Delta State, Nigeria. The Delta State University Teaching Hospital Health Research Ethics Committee granted ethical approval for the study. Fasting serum lipid profile was retrieved and atherogenic indices calculated. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0.Result: The mean age of the 227 subjects was 55.4 (±13.6) years, and 111 (48.9%) were males. A total of 154 (67.8%) had at least one abnormal lipid profile level, out of which 56.5% were females (p=0.018). The pattern of dyslipidaemia [isolated (56, 36.4%), two-combined (65, 42.2%), and mixed (33, 21.4%)] did not differ by sex (p = 0.173). The predisposition to high cardiovascular risk was predicted by atherogenic index of plasma (59.5%),atherogenic coefficient (43.6%), Castelli ratios I, II (29.1%, 26.9%).Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 67.8%. Two-combined dyslipidaemia was the most common pattern&#x0D; Keywords: Dyslipidaemia, atherogenic index, hypertension, prevalence, Nigeria

Mechanisms and early patterns of dyslipidemia in pediatric type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Objectives The is no consensus on the early patterns of lipid-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in youth with either type 1 diabetes (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim was todetermine the differences in CVD risk, using lipid profiles, in children and adolescents with either T1D or T2D at the time of their first lipid assessment, after stratifying the T1D cohort into remitters and non-remitters based on their honeymoon history. Methods A cross-sectional study of 249 subjects consisting of 73 controls, 53 T2D subjects, and 123 T1D subjects stratified into remitters (n=44), and non-remitters (n=79). Partial clinical remission (PCR) was defined as insulin-dose adjusted HbA1c of≤9. Pubertal status was determined by Tanner staging. Results After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, race, and pubertal status, T2D patients had significantly higher LDL-C compared to the controls (p=0.022), the remitters (p=0.029), but not the non-remitters (103.1±5.9mg/dL vs. 91.4±4.2mg/dL, p=0.49). Similarly, T2D patients had significantly higher non-HDL-C compared to the controls (p=0.006), the remitters (p=0.0002), but not the non-remitters (137.6±7.1mg/dL vs. 111.71±5.0mg/dL, p=0.053). Total cholesterol was also significantly higher in T2D patients compared to the controls (p=0.0005), the remitters (p=0.006) but not the non-remitters (183.5±6.6mg/dL vs. 166.2±4.8mg/dL, p=0.27). Conclusions Lack of the honeymoon phase in children and adolescents with T1D confers early and significantly increased lipid-based cardiovascular risk to these patients that is similar to the elevated cardiovascular risk seen in T2D.

NDSP 05: Prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia in urban and rural areas of Pakistan; a sub analysis from second National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan (NDSP) 2016-2017.

Dyslipidemia is a major risk issue for the development of cardiovascular disease. The aim of our study was to observe the pattern and prevalence of dyslipidemia in Pakistani population. This is a sub analysis of a population based second National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan (NDSP) 2016-2017 in adults aged 20years or above, carried out from February 2016 to August 2017 across Pakistan. Multi stage sampling technique was used for the stratification of population, based on rural and urban domains. District wise clusters and sub clusters were selected i.e. 27 and 46 in number. Subjects, consented to participate were requested to come after an overnight fast for anthropometric measurements, oral glucose tolerance test and fasting lipid profile (except for subjects with self-reported diabetes). Dyslipidemia was identified using Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. A total of 10,834 subjects (43.8% male and 56.2% female) having mean age of 43.8 ± 14.0years, participated in the survey. Of the subjects studied, 39.3% had hypercholesterolemia, 48.9% had hypertriglyceridemia, 39.7% had high LDL-C levels while 83.9% men and 90% women had low HDL levels. High cholesterol and triglyceride levels were highest in 50-59years age group, while high LDL and low HDL was most common in 40-49years age group. Diabetes, obesity and hypertension were found to be the significant determinants for dyslipidemia. Prevalence of dyslipidemia seems to be very high in Pakistan, necessitating an urgent call for early screening and effective management through lifestyle intervention and appropriate lipid lowering drugs to prevent this important cardiovascular risk factor.

Dyslipidemia and Associated Risk Factors among Nigerians with Hypertension

Background: Abnormalities in serum lipids and lipoprotein levels with essential hypertension are vital independent causal factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The coexistence of these factors has a synergistic effect in heightening the risk of cardiovascular events. The aim of the study was to evaluate the pattern of dyslipidemia among hypertensives and to determine some of its correlations in patients attending a tertiary hospital in South South Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 544 eligible hypertensive patients attending the Cardiology Clinic, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital (UUTH), Uyo, Nigeria, over a period of 6 months. Fasting lipids, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were evaluated. Results: Overall, 60.0% of the hypertensive patients had dyslipidemia, with 43.4.0% having high TC, 30.3% high LDL-C, 20.8% elevated TG, and 12.9% low HDL-C, respectively. There was a significant relationship between gender and lipoproteins, with women having significantly higher lipoproteins (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C) than men. Women also had more measures of obesity with a higher body mass index and waist circumference. TC and non-HDL had a significant association with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP). Altogether, 43.4% of the hypertensives had poorly controlled BP and significantly higher atherogenic lipoproteins (TC, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C). Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the relatively high prevalence of dyslipidemia among hypertensive patient in this population. High plasma TC is the most dominant pattern of dyslipidemia. Hypertensive patients with poorly controlled BP have worse atherogenic lipoprotein values and are more likely predisposed to ASCVD.

Assessing the Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Apparently Healthy Urban Obese Adults Residing in South Delhi, India

The present research study was conducted to assess the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia in apparently healthy urban obese adults residing in South Delhi. Dyslipidemia and obesity are two prominent contributing risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 apparently healthy obese adults with a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2. Data regarding the socio-demographic characteristics as well as anthropometric parameters were collected. To evaluate serum lipid levels fasting blood samples were collected by trained technicians and analysis was carried out in a certified laboratory. Dyslipidemia was defined as the presence of hypercholesterolemia, high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and /or lower concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), present alone or in combination. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was noted to be 78%. The prevalence was observed to be much higher in the obese female subjects (81.43%) than the obese males (75%). Mean triglycerides levels were significantly higher in the obese men than females while, HDL–C levels were higher in the female subjects (p<0.05). Further, it was seen that low concentration of HDL was the most prevailing deranged lipid parameter (52.67%) followed by elevated triglycerides levels (49.33%) and elevated LDL levels (39.33%) in these obese adults. The study thus highlights the importance of regular and timely screening for apparently healthy populations. Advocating suitable and timely medical and dietary interventions can help in both monitoring and avoiding further health-related complications.

A Positive Association between a Western Dietary Pattern and High LDL-C among Iranian Population.

Background : The association between the presence of dyslipidemia and major dietary patterns was examined in an adult Iranian population. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 4672 adults aged 35-65 yr old based on data from the Mashhad Stroke And Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD) Study initiated in 2010. Anthropometric and blood laboratory measurements were collected for all participants. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 65-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 88% including elevated total cholesterol (38.9%), triglyceride (35.2%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (35.3%) or decreased level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (68.9%). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, participants with higher scores for a Western pattern with lower physical activity level and educational attainment, and higher current smoking habit, increased the risk of having a raised LDL-C (OR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.34; P =0.02). However, there was no significant association between adherence to this dietary pattern and other types of dyslipidemia. There was no significant association between a balanced dietary pattern and dyslipidemia and its components (OR=0.90; 95% CI: 0.68, 1.18; P =0.431). Conclusion: Dyslipidemia was more prevalent among individuals with higher consumption of a western dietary pattern. A direct association was found between adherence to Western dietary pattern and LDL-C level.

A Positive Association between a Western Dietary Pattern and High LDL-C among Iranian Population.

Background: The association between the presence of dyslipidemia and major dietary patterns was examined in an adult Iranian population. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 4672 adults aged 35-65 yr old based on data from the Mashhad Stroke And Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD) Study initiated in 2010. Anthropometric and blood laboratory measurements were collected for all participants. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 65-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 88% including elevated total cholesterol (38.9%), triglyceride (35.2%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (35.3) or decreased level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (68.9%). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, participants with higher scores for a Western pattern with lower physical activity level and educational attainment, and higher current smoking habit, increased the risk of having a raised LDL-C (OR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.34; P =0.02). However, there was no significant association between adherence to this dietary pattern and other types of dyslipidemia. There was no significant association between a balanced dietary pattern and dyslipidemia and its components (OR=0.90; 95% CI: 0.68, 1.18; P =0.431). Conclusion: Dyslipidemia was more prevalent among individuals with higher consumption of a western dietary pattern. A direct association was found between adherence to Western dietary pattern and LDL-C level.

Serum lipid profile and Nephropathy in type 2 diabetes patients: A comparative study

Background: The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (TC>200md/dl) alone, as reported in numerous studies across India, has varied from about 20% to 35%. However, what is more important is the pattern of dyslipidemia. When compared with the western populations, Indians and migrant Asian Indians tend to have higher triglyceride levels and lower HDL-C levels. Subjects and Methods: This was a comparative study conducted among 120 cases. A pre-structural proforma will be used to collect baseline date detailed clinical history with clinical examination and relevant investigation will be done on participating individuals. Results: There was correlation between lipid levels and duration of diabetes for all lipid fractions which were significant. Conclusion: Correlation coefficient between nephropathy and lipid profile was found to be significant.

A study on thyroid dysfunction and lipid profile in postmenopausal women

1. To study the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in postmenopausal women.Material and Methods: One hundred postmenopausal women attending the outpatient and inpatients of Medicine department in NRI medical college were randomnly selected and included in this cross sectional study. The patients were examined for clinical features of thyroid dysfunction and screened for the presence of thyroid dysfunction. The thyroid dysfunction was correlated with dyslipidemia and presence of ischaemic heart disease. Dyslipidemia was found to be statistically associated with thyroid dysfunction with a P value of 0.014. 38.9% of Subclinical hypothyroidism and 8.3% of clinical hypothyroid patients were found to have dyslipidemia. Predominant pattern of dyslipidemia seen was hypercholesterolemia. The presence of IHD was not statistically associated with thyroid dysfunction, in our study.

Pattern of dyslipidaemia in coronary artery disease in south-South Nigeria

Pattern of dyslipidaemia in coronary artery disease in south-South Nigeria

P1275PARAOXONASE 1 (PON1) GENE POLYMORPHISMS, PON1 EXPRESSION IN PBMCS, AND SERUM PON1 ACTIVITY CONCERNING DYSLIPIDEMIA AND RELATED COMORBIDITIES IN HEMODIALYSIS (HD) PATIENTS

Abstract Background and Aims PON1 may prevent atherosclerosis influencing lipid metabolism and exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. We focused on serum PON1 activity in HD patients concerning dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), and cerebral stroke (CS). PON1 activity was related to PON1 polymorphisms, PON1 expression in PBMCs, and demographic, clinical, and laboratory data. Method In 93 HD patients (men 55, age 66.7, 18.3 – 86.2 years, renal replacement therapy duration 3.9, 0.2 – 22.3 years, CHD 25, MI 15, CS 9), dyslipidemia was diagnosed by K/DOQI guidelines. The TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio of ≥3.8 indicated atherogenic dyslipidemia. Standard diagnostic rules were applied for CHD, MI, and CS recognition. PON1 activity was measured in serum using an automated PON1 assay kit. PON1 polymorphisms were genotyped by high-resolution melting curve analysis (rs662) or using predesigned TaqMan SNV Genotyping Assay (rs854560 and rs705379). In 46 subjects, the relative PON1 transcript level was determined in PBMCs using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results In univariate analyses, the lower serum PON1 activity the higher frequency of mixed dyslipidemia (LDL ≥ 100 mg/dL, TG ≥ 200 mg/dL, non-HDL ≥ 130 mg/dl; β ± SE: -21.4 ± 10.0, P = 0.035) and the higher serum TG levels (β ± SE: -1.06 ± 0.49, P = 0.034). Normalized serum PON1 activity (the PON1/HDL ratio) correlated positively with male sex (β ± SE: 0.56 ± 0.25, P = 0.029), atherogenic dyslipidemia (β ± SE: 0.67 ± 0.25, P = 0.008), and cigarette smoking (β ± SE: 0.86 ± 0.42, P = 0.043). After adjustment for gender, cigarette smoking, urine output, living in rural area, and serum phosphorus, significance was maintained between normalized serum PON1 activity and atherogenic dyslipidemia (β ± SE: 0.54 ± 0.24, P = 0.028), male sex (β ± SE: 0.51 ± 0.24, P = 0.037) and cigarette smoking (β ± SE: 0.93±0.41, P = 0.024) as well as revealed for living in rural area (β ± SE: 0.55 ± 0.26, P = 0.039), urine output (β ± SE: -0.14 ± 0.07, P = 0.046), and zinc supplementation (β ± SE: 1.5 ± 0.67, P = 0.029). PON1 activity (101, 27.7 – 213 U/L) and normalized PON1 activity (2.27, 0.57 – 7.10) were not influenced by PON1 polymorphisms and did not yield differences in patients stratified by CHD, MI, CS, and dyslipidemic patterns except atherogenic dyslipidemia. The latter relationship was caused by a correlation between serum PON1 activity and TG (r = -0.220, P = 0.034). PON1 transcript was detected in PBMCs of 9 subjects. They showed a higher prevalence of the AG + GG genotypes of PON1 rs662 (77.8% vs. 34.3%, P = 0.027), a higher serum CRP level (7.8, 2.8 – 46.8 mg/L vs. 3.9, 0.4 – 23.0 mg/L, P = 0.042), and a lower albumin (3.9, 2.6 – 4.5 g/dL vs. 4.2, 3.2 – 4.6 g/dL, P = 0.025) compared with the results of 37 subjects without the PON1 expression. The relative PON1 transcript level did not correlate with serum PON1 activity (r = 0.042, P = 0.915). Conclusion In HD patients, serum PON1 activity is associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia but not with already developed CHD and history of MI or CS, even after adjustment for several confounding variables. Illegitimate PON1 transcription occurs in uremic PBMCs at very low level and is influenced by PON1 rs662 polymorphism and upregulated by inflammation. PON1 could be considered as a therapeutic target in prevention of atherosclerosis and its complications in uremic patients.