Pattern Of Development Research Articles

Performance Study of Stabilized Recycled Aggregate Base Material with Two-Gray Components.

This article studies the practical road performance of recycled materials from construction waste, relying on the paving test section of the supporting project for the Qingdao Cross-Sea Bridge. The research focuses on the construction technology and road performance of using recycled construction waste materials in urban road sub-base construction. Through indoor tests such as sieving and unconfined compressive strength tests, relevant technical indicators were obtained and analyzed. Additionally, periodic core sampling, compaction tests, and rebound deflection tests were conducted on-site according to relevant standards to thoroughly investigate the specific effects of using construction waste in practice and to analyze and evaluate the actual feasibility of the materials for road use. The results indicate that the particle gradation of the construction mix in the test section aligns well with the target gradation, and the dosage of the mixing agent meets the design requirements. The 7-day unconfined compressive strength already satisfied the technical requirements for heavy and extremely heavy traffic on highways as specified in the "Technical Specifications for Construction of Highway Pavement Subbase" (JTG/T F20-2015), with the 14-day strength generally reaching 7 MPa. Core sampling revealed good aggregate gradation, smooth and straight profiles, and the thickness and strength of all parts meet the specifications. The compaction levels met the testing requirements, the surface deflection values showed a decreasing trend, and the deformation resistance was good, consistent with the general development patterns of semi-rigid sub-bases.

The historical evolution and social transformation of settlements in the mountainous regions of western Guangdong: a case study of Xinyi County, China

The formation of China’s territory has a long historical process. Prior research has highlighted the diverse historical development patterns across different regions. To delve deeper into the distinctiveness among regions and their nuanced disparities, the research centers on the settlements within Xinyi County, situated in the mountainous terrain of western Guangdong Province, China. The current study employs the research method of “Backward Observation” by conducting a literature review and utilizing ArcGIS for spatial analysis to investigate the spatial distribution and evolution process of regional settlements in western Guangdong. The results suggest a predominant involvement of the state in propelling the advancement of the indigenous community within Xinyi County, a progression primarily fulfilled by the conclusion of the late Qing and initial Republican eras, guided by the persistent localization and gentrification of migrating populations. Xinyi’s advancement pattern and speed exhibited notable distinctions from neighboring areas within Guangdong Province. This investigation additionally delves into G. William Skinner’s inquiries regarding the exceptional attributes and evolutionary patterns of localities, aligning with the South China School’s viewpoint on the varied nature of regional advancement procedures and cadences. This research on Xinyi’s historical evolution is importance in coordinating the preservation and advancement of historical towns, addressing urban-rural development disparities, and formulating future development strategies.

Analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of education infrastructure development (A case study of 33 regencies/city in North Sumatra Province)

This study explores the spatial distribution pattern of educational infrastructure development across districts and cities in North Sumatra, identifying significant disparities between urban and rural areas. The study aims to: (1) determine the distribution of educational development across districts and cities, (2) analyze global spatial autocorrelation, and (3) identify priority locations for educational development policies in North Sumatra Province. The methodology includes quantile analysis, Moran’s Global Index, and Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) using GeoDa software to address spatial autocorrelation. The results indicate that there are nine areas with a low School Participation Rate Index (SPRI), eleven areas with a low School Facilities and Infrastructure Index (SFII), and eleven areas with a low Regional Education Index (REI). Spatial autocorrelation analysis reveals that SFII shows positive spatial autocorrelation, while SPRI and REI exhibit negative spatial autocorrelation, indicating a high level of inequality between regions. Labuhan Batu Selatan and Labuhan Batu are identified as priorities for the provincial government in overseeing educational development policies.

Shoot and root dendroanalysis of Ulmus pumila 10 years after outplanting in the Mongolian semi-arid steppe reveals a short-term developmental pattern enhanced by watering

An accurate investigation is needed to determine if the selected location, the tree species, and the applied treatments can support a successful seedling establishment and outplanting performance to ensure the success of large-scale tree-planting initiatives. To shed light on the growth pattern of the trees used in the Green Belt Project plantations in the Mongolian steppe, we analysed the biomass allocation in the stem and roots of Ulmus pumila in terms of ring width, considering different management techniques involving irrigation and fertilisation. We found that the root and shoot ring width of U. pumila followed a bell-shaped curve and reached maximum values after three or four years from seedling outplanting. Moreover, our data confirm that increasing watering regimes may enhance plant growth, especially the root system, while fertilisation did not show a positive effect independently of the fertilisation type (i.e. NPK and compost). Our data allowed us to develop a predictive regression model that could be used with other species and in different environmental conditions to forecast stem and root tree growth and to simulate afforestation performances in different climatic conditions.

Racial diversities in lifespan bone mass: findings from the China BCL study and US NHANES.

Bone mass at different life stages is instrumental for developing effective, long-term osteoporosis prevention strategies. We aimed to investigate the developmental patterns of bone mass across the entire lifespan among the Chinese population and to compare these patterns with those of different racial groups, including Whites, Blacks, and Mexicans in the US population. Our study analyzed data from the China Body Composition Life-course (BCL, 2013-2023) Study and the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005-2018). We measured bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at various anatomical sites, including the whole-body, lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck. In the Chinese population, whole-body BMC and BMD increased rapidly during childhood and adolescence, with males and females achieving approximately 90.6% and 95.7% of their respective peak bone mass. Peak bone mass for whole-body, total hip, and femoral neck BMC/BMD occurred generally between the ages of 21 and 30, whereas the lumbar spine BMD peak did approximately a decade later. After reaching the peak, a gradual bone loss was observed from ages 30 to 40, with an acceleration post age 40, especially in females. Comparative analyses indicated that Chinese individuals exhibited the lowest bone mass levels and accrual rates over their lifespan, followed successively by Whites, Mexicans, and Blacks. By exploring bone mass changes and racial disparities among the Chinese and US populations, this study emphasizes the need for establishing sex- and ethnic- specific public health strategies to prioritize bone health throughout the entire life course.

Characterization of the pattern of development of key compounds contributing to aroma quality of chicken meat and their metabolic markers

Characterization of the pattern of development of key compounds contributing to aroma quality of chicken meat and their metabolic markers

Coupling relationship and development patterns of agricultural emission reduction, carbon sequestration, and food security

In-depth exploration of the coupling relationship between agricultural emission reduction and carbon sequestration (ERCS) and food security provides an important basis for promoting sustainable low-carbon development in agriculture. This research investigates the coupling mechanisms and the current state of coordinated development of agricultural ERCS and food security using provincial panel data from 2001 to 2022 in China. The agricultural ERCS level shows an upward trend, with higher levels in the north and lower in the south; externalities are positive in the north but negative in the south. Significant dynamic interactions and spatial correlations between the agricultural ERCS and food security exist, with a local spatial agglomeration pattern of “north–south opposition”. Areas of high-high agglomeration are mainly concentrated in the north, while low-low agglomeration areas are primarily in the south. High-high agglomeration areas drive growth in transitional and low-growth areas through diffusion effects. The average coupling coordination degree of provinces increased from 0.432 to 0.473, indicating more coordinated development, and with a decreasing polarization trend. The spatial distributions of the coupling coordination degree and the relative development index are higher in the north and lower in the south, with many areas showing high adjustment, low adjustment, and high antagonism, particularly in the south where the number of high antagonistic areas has decreased. Implementing differentiated development strategies between the north and the south, using spatial agglomeration characteristics to optimize regional policies, focusing on the diffusion effects of high-coupling coordination areas to drive the development of low-growth and transitional areas, and enhancing the lagged terms can promote sustainable coordinated agricultural development.

Adapting OGC's SensorThings API and data model to support data management and sharing for environmental sensors

Software is critical in managing environmental sensor data. The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) developed the “OGC SensorThings API” (STA) standard to address variability across sensors, observed variables, platforms, and protocols, facilitating development of sensing and Internet of Things applications. This paper details a Python/Django implementation of the STA application programming interface (API) and a PostgreSQL/Timescale implementation of the STA data model, enhancing availability of robust software for management and sharing of environmental sensor data. STA offers a RESTful interface with JSON data encoding, aligning with modern development patterns and facilitating interoperability. Integration of metadata from the Observations Data Model ensures data can be adequately described and interpreted. STA's flexibility allows lightweight query responses or comprehensive metadata inclusion, and a complementary data management API enhances use of STA within multi-user systems. Open-source code and deployment instructions in GitHub enable standalone or cloud deployments, enhancing accessibility and usability for researchers and practitioners.

Immunogenicity dynamics and covariate effects after satralizumab administration predicted with a hidden Markov model.

Immunogenicity is the propensity of a therapeutic protein to generate an immune response to itself. While reporting of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) is increasing, model-based analysis of such data is seldom performed. Model-based characterization of factors affecting the emergence and dissipation of ADAs may inform drug development and/or improve understanding in clinical practice. This analysis aimed to predict ADA dynamics, including the potential influence of individual covariates, following subcutaneous satralizumab administration. Satralizumab is a humanized IgG2 monoclonal recycling IL-6 receptor antagonist antibody approved for treating neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Longitudinal pharmacokinetic (PK) and ADA data from 154 NMOSD patients in two pivotal Phase 3 studies (NCT02028884, NCT02073279) and PK data from one Phase 1 study (SA-001JP) in 72 healthy volunteers were available for this analysis. An existing population PK model was adapted to derive steady-state concentration without ADA for each patient. A mixed hidden Markov model (mHMM) was developed whereby three different states were identified: one absorbing Markov state for non-ADA developer, and two dynamic and inter-connected Markov states-transient ADA negative and positive. Satralizumab exposure and body mass index impacted transition probabilities and, therefore, the likelihood of developing ADAs. In conclusion, the mHMM model was able to describe the time course of ADA development and identify patterns of ADA development in NMOSD patients following treatment with satralizumab, which may allow for the formulation of strategies to reduce the emergence or limit the impact of ADA in the clinical setting.

Systematisation of Conceptual Approaches to Formation of Business Ethics in the Context of Legal Regulation of Entrepreneurial Activity

Introduction. In the frame of entrepreneurship development, promotion of business ethics becomes particularly important as a mechanism for business harmonization, ensuring legal equality, healthy competition and fair attitudes to consumers. However, the controversial approaches to defining the concept of “business ethics” and the multiple interpretations thereof prevent from boosting the global spread of business culture in the legal regulation framework. In this regard, the aim of the study is to systematise the conceptual approaches to substantiation and formation of business ethics in the context of legal regulation of entrepreneurial activity.Materials and Methods. The methodological basis of the research includes the general and specific scientific methods. The methods of analysis, comparison and systematisation enable the study of the integral parts of business ethics to get deep understanding of this concept. By comparing different interpretations, the common grounds in the interdisciplinary approaches to substantiation of this concept are revealed. Systematisation fosters organisation of the legal and moral values into a single hierarchical structure that forms the essence of business ethics. The philosophical-juridical method reveals the interrelation of the philosophical approach contained in the entrepreneurial value reference points and the legislative norms of society.Results. The research has revealed a pattern of business ethics development in the context of global and national wellbeing. The hierarchical structure of business ethics has a top-down nature: the international level, the macro level and the micro level. Despite the influence of cultural specifics on the development of the moral value system, the formation of business culture should go in correlation with the norms of law and the needs of society, along with establishment of the corporate boundaries and general entrepreneurial principles. At the corporate level, the integration of business ethics into the enterprise strategy is beneficial for its image and reputation, and the efficiency lies in promotion of the socio-economic, legal and other aspects fostering creation of fair, sustainable and conscious business.Discussion and Conclusion. The concept of “business ethics” is studied in the various scientific contexts. Despite all differences in interpretation, the mechanism of forming the business ethics in the framework of entrepreneurial activity is uniform, it includes creation of the code of ethics, training in ethical principles, development of a system of incentives, elaboration of the methods of prevention and punishment. In various contexts, this mechanism is aimed at eliminating unlawful forms of competition, ensuring economic, social and legal security, increasing the level of responsibility and creating an efficient system of business values.

Systematic analysis and network mapping of disease associations in autoimmune polyglandular syndrome.

The purpose of our work was to provide a data-driven perspective to APS, a complex autoimmune disorder, supplementing traditional clinical observations. Medical records of 7559 patients were analyzed, autoimmune origin was proved in 3180 cases of which 380 (12%) had APS. Associations of component disorders were investigated by computational methods to reveal typical patterns of disease development. Twenty-eight distinct autoimmune disorders were diagnosed forming 113 combinations. The 10 most frequent combinations were responsible for 51,3% of cases. HT and GD were differentiated as main cornerstones of APS, sharing several comorbidities. HT was the most common manifestation (67.4%), followed by GD (26.8%) and T1D (20.8%). APS started significantly earlier in men than in women. Thyroid autoimmunity was frequently linked to gastrointestinal and systemic manifestations and these patterns of associations substantially differed from that of T1D, AD or CeD when present as first manifestations, suggesting the possibility of a common biological cause. APS is more frequent than reported. Classifying APS requires a shift of perspective towards disease associations rather than disorder prevalence.

Lab scale evaluation of biomineralization-assisted decolourization of reactive blue 4 and toxicity analysis

The process of microbial mineral precipitation has proven to be highly effective in addressing a wide range of pollutants in different environments. The objective of this study is to utilize the mineralization abilities of microbial strains found in the Noyyal River basin, which is home to a significant textile center in India, in order to both remove the color from reactive blue 4 and promote biomineralization. Promising results were obtained from the microbial isolates Streptomyces sp., Rhodococcus ruber, and Bacillus sp., and their consortium which demonstrated the ability to induce biomineralization and decolorize reactive blue 4. Characterization of the obtained biominerals through X-ray diffraction and FT-IR analysis showed the presence of well-crystallized polymorphs of calcium carbonate, along with other organic compounds. SEM-EDX analysis of biominerals formed during biomineralization-assisted decolourization of RB4 revealed distinct morphologies and elemental composition of the biominerals produced by microbial interactions with dye molecules. Further, to assess the safety and efficacy of these biominerals, zebrafish embryo toxicity tests were conducted by comparing biominerals produced during dye decolourization with the pure reactive blue 4 dye. Zebrafish embryos treated with biominerals exhibited normal developmental patterns, whereas those exposed to reactive blue 4 displayed mortality and abnormal hatching rates. The heart rates of the Zebrafish embryos were normal for controls and biomineral groups, but lower for RB4-exposed embryos. In conclusion, this study underscores the potential of biomineralization in remediating dye-contaminated wastewater, offering circular solutions for waste reduction and resource utilization.

Detecting Land-Use Changes in Greater Kandy Development Area

As urban growth became a threat to Kandy city, the Urban Development Authority (UDA) has introduced a new concept called the “Greater Kandy Development Area (GKDA)” to control and manage the rapid urban growth, as well as to minimize its’ impacts towards the environment. This study examines the land use/ land cover changes in GKDA, in selected time periods using GIS and Remote Sensing techniques. Findings demonstrate that dynamic patterns of urban expansion cause progressive growth in built-ups and lowering in non-built-ups. In 2005, there were only 16.9 percent of built-up areas in GKDA but, it has increased up to 40 percent in 2020. 81.7 percent of non-built-up areas in 2005, has reduced up to 58.8 percent. As population growth happened inside the city limits, land use changes also happened within. These changes create clustered as well as sprawl development patterns.

MolBiC: the cell-based landscape illustrating molecular bioactivities.

The measurement of cell-based molecular bioactivity (CMB) is critical for almost every step of drug development. With the booming application of AI in biomedicine, it is essential to have the CMB data to promote the learning of cell-based patterns for guiding modern drug discovery, but no database providing such information has been constructed yet. In this study, we introduce MolBiC, a knowledge base designed to describe valuable data on molecular bioactivity measured within a cellular context. MolBiC features 550 093 experimentally validated CMBs, encompassing 321 086 molecules and 2666 targets across 988 cell lines. Our MolBiC database is unique in describing the valuable data of CMB, which meets the critical demands for CMB-based big data promoting the learning of cell-based molecular/pharmaceutical pattern in drug discovery and development. MolBiC is now freely accessible without any login requirement at: https://idrblab.org/MolBiC/.

Functional Disorders of the Biliary Tract and Cholelithiasis: Analysis of a Possible Relationship

Aim: Diagnostic criteria for functional disorders of the biliary tract are presented in the materials of the Rome IV consensus, as well as expert councils of Russian and foreign specialists. Episodes of functional biliary pain are caused by a violation of bile outflow through the cystic duct and sphincter of Oddi. It has been suggested that there is a “biliary continuum” in which in some patients’ biliary dysfunction is transformed into cholelithiasis. Key points. Lithogenic bile is considered as the pathophysiological basis for the development of biliary dyskinesia and cholelithiasis. Lithogenic bile provokes inflammation of low grades in the mucous membrane of the biliary tract, decreased contractility of the gallbladder and impaired relaxation of the biliary sphincters, impaired physiological response to cholecystokinin. Changes in motility of the biliary tract may be associated with the influence of hydrophobic bile salts and impaired eicosanoid metabolism. Hyperplasia of the epithelium and muscle layer, hypersecretion of mucin and cholesterol precipitation further impair the outflow of bile. Experimental data and some clinical observations indicate the possibility of transformation of biliary dysfunction into cholelithiasis. Dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi is one of the possible consequences of cholecystectomy and, in fact, acts as a variant of postcholecystectomy syndrome. The basis for the treatment of biliary dysfunctions are antispasmodics of different classes, which can be combined with ursodeoxycholic acid. The biliary tract-selective antispasmodic hymecromone has shown high effectiveness in relieving biliary pain, which also has a moderate choleretic effect and the ability to prevent the crystallization of cholesterol in bile and can be used both for functional diseases and for cholelithiasis. The domestic drug hymecromone “Odecromone” entered the pharmaceutical market. Conclusion. There is no doubt that the relevance of further study of the patterns of development of biliary dysfunctions and GI is obvious. The study of this problem will contribute to the development of effective preventive approaches, including in the field of nutraceuticals.

A Study of Hong Kong's Insurance Industry Based on the New Development Pattern Model

Against the backdrop of global economic changes and China's economic restructuring, the potential of Hong Kong's insurance industry as an investment channel is gaining increasing attention. This thesis aims to explore the opportunities and challenges of Hong Kong's insurance industry under the new development pattern. Through a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses, it examines the historical data and future trends of Hong Kong's insurance market and conducts a study based on first-hand information obtained through data surveys and expert interviews, exploring the specific impacts of the new development pattern on the insurance industry, and incorporating the development of the Greater Bay Area into the research framework. Hong Kong's insurance industry harbours a wealth of investment opportunities in terms of expanding market size, product diversification, and policy support, but it also faces challenges such as intensifying market competition and international uncertainty. The study recommends that investors should focus on long-term trends to optimise their investment strategies and address market risks.

Textile-based 3D printing and traditional Chinese geometric patterns for fashion textile development

Here, textile-based 3D printing technology is combined with traditional Chinese patterns to create new effects. Traditional Chinese patterns are the main carrier of cultural heritage and have been widely applied as creative design elements to develop unique fashion and textile products. Two geometric patterns inspired by traditional Chinese patterns are developed through the direct deposition of polylactic acid onto polyester fabric. Then the physical and mechanical performances of the printed patterns are examined under a microscope, along with tensile, tear, and joint motion tests. After that, two garment prototypes are created to explore the design aesthetics of the 3D printed geometric patterns. This research work reports on a comprehensive and practical design process for the creation of 3D printed fashion textiles. The work is expected to provide insights for designers and researchers when reviving traditional elements through modern technology. More applications can be explored based on the results reported in this paper.

Spatial inequality in sub-national human development index: A case study of West Bengal districts

Human Development and its regional disparity is an area of topical interest. In this paper, we consider space as an instrumental variable in understanding this disparity and explore spatial interdependence in human development across districts of West Bengal using alternate indicators of human development. This study uses both the standard United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) technique and an alternative methodology to construct a sub-national human development index. Spatial interdependence is measured using Moran's I coefficient and Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) cluster maps. Spatial regression is used to evaluate the spatial association between the Human Development Index as the dependent variable and a few independent variables. A high degree of clustering in all three dimensions of human development is observed among the southern districts of West Bengal. The pattern of cluster maps indicates the presence of both the growth pole process and the metropole-periphery process in the state. Spatial regression results indicate that the share of socially backward class population and urbanization rate are important variables affecting regional human development patterns. The findings of this study suggest policies targeted to promote social inclusion and urbanization linked with better access to economic opportunities in the lagging areas can help reduce regional imbalances.

Study on the influence degree of marine ranching on the high-quality development of coastal cities

As an innovative approach to fisheries, marine ranching is subtly transforming the development patterns of coastal cities through the enhancement of fisheries, the professional transition of fishermen, and the restoration of the marine environment. Utilizing the entropy method and the staggered difference-in-differences (DID) method, this paper calculated the high-quality development index (HQDI) of 53 coastal cities from 2010 to 2021 and assessed the influence degree of marine ranching on coastal cities' HQDI. The key findings were as follows. Firstly, marine ranching generally improved the HQDI of coastal cities. Coastal cities with national marine ranching demonstration zones achieved an average increase of approximately 0.83 % in their HQDI compared to those without. Secondly, through the effect of carbon emission reduction, marine ranching contributed to an average increase of approximately 0.84 % in the HQDI. However, the green technology innovation and industrial structure upgrading effects have yet to materialize. Thirdly, this impact varied among coastal cities. When the number of marine ranching exceeded three, the average increase of HQDI was approximately 1.82 %. This effect was pronounced in higher-tier cities, with first-tier cities experiencing an average increase of 1.26 %, second-tier cities an average increase of 1.19 %, and third-tier cities an average increase of 2.18 %. Furthermore, this effect was significant in northern coastal cities, where the average increase was approximately 0.98 %. In coastal cities with low levels of manpower and material resources, this effect was also pronounced, with the HQDI increasing by an average of about 1.01 % and 0.98 %, respectively. Lastly, the spatial econometric analysis revealed a positive spatial spillover effect. This paper evaluated the effectiveness of China's recent marine ranching construction, providing a theoretical and empirical foundation for authorities to formulate targeted policies and measures.

A comprehensive index for assessing the sustainable blue economy: A Japanese application

The sustainable blue economy is crucial for coastal regions. It not only fosters economic development along the coastlines but also reduces their impact on marine environments and ecosystems. This will be a significant economic growth point for coastal areas in future decades. However, comprehensive research on assessing the blue economy is currently limited; existing evaluation methods are few and may not be applicable to all contexts. This study introduces the Blue Economy Index (BEI), a novel framework for evaluating the sustainable blue economy, and applies it in Japan's 39 coastal prefectures. Grounded in multi-dimensional analysis, the BEI includes four sectors: Ocean Resources and Marine Industry, Environmental and Ecological Sustainability, Socio-Economic Stability, and Risk Management. Utilizing Japan's prefectural data and addressing regional disparities, the index applies four weighting scenarios—Equalitarianism, Preservationist, Sustainable Use, and Extractive Use—to reflect different developmental strategies. The result indicates a significant imbalance in blue economy development across prefectures, with leading regions like Hokkaido, Tokyo, and Okinawa vastly outpacing others such as Ibaraki and Tottori. Additionally, the development status in 39 coastal prefectures in Japan demonstrates the cluster phenomenon and exhibits a '2 high, 3 middle, 1 low' development pattern, which comprises two extraordinary clusters and four distinctive clusters. We propose to implement zonal management for Japan's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and establish a National Ocean Agency. Promoting committee-based regional management, provide corresponding subsidies to enhance capacity building. Additionally, and drive the digital transformation in the marine sector through quantifiable indicators as BEI. The study underscores the necessity for improving current policy and regulation, as well as promoting inter-prefectural collaboration to boost the development of the blue economy. The BEI's comprehensive approach offers an example of global sustainable blue economy assessments. Policymakers and stakeholders in other countries can flexibly use and adjust the BEI method to conduct appropriate regional assessments and develop quantifiable strategies to improve the potential of marine sectors.