Changes In Behavior Patterns Research Articles

Rapid Improvements in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Immediately Following Hospital Discharge.

Background Little is known about changes in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) patterns in the acute phase of a myocardial infarction (MI). We objectively assessed PA and SB during hospitalization and the first week after discharge. Methods and Results Consecutively admitted patients hospitalized with an MI were approached to participate in this prospective cohort study. SB, light-intensity PA, and moderate-vigorous intensity PA were objectively assessed for 24 h/d during hospitalization and up to 7 days after discharge in 165 patients. Changes in PA and SB from the hospital to home phase were evaluated using mixed-model analyses, and outcomes were stratified for predefined subgroups based on patient characteristics. Patients (78% men) were aged 65±10 years and diagnosed with ST-segment-elevation MI (50%) or non-ST-segment-elevation MI (50%). Sedentary time was high during hospitalization (12.6 [95% CI, 11.8-13.7] h/d) but substantially decreased following transition to the home environment (-1.8 [95% CI, -2.4 to -1.3] h/d). Furthermore, the number of prolonged sedentary bouts (≥60 minutes) decreased between hospital and home (-1.6 [95% CI, -2.0 to -1.2] bouts/day). Light-intensity PA (1.1 [95% CI, 0.8-1.6] h/d) and moderate-vigorous intensity PA (0.2 [95% CI, 0.1-0.3] h/d) were low during hospitalization but significantly increased following transition to the home environment (light-intensity PA: 1.8 [95% CI, 1.4-2.3] h/d; moderate-vigorous intensity PA: 0.4 [95% CI, 0.3-0.5] h/d; both P<0.001). Improvements in PA and SB were similar across groups, except for patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and who did not improve their PA patterns after discharge. Conclusions Patients with MI demonstrate high levels of SB and low PA volumes during hospitalization, which immediately improved following discharge at the patient's home environment. Registration URL: trialsearch.who.int/; Unique identifier: NTR7646.

Analyzing the network of parent-rated ADHD symptoms before and 2 weeks after the onset of pharmaceutical treatment.

Via a network analysis approach, following 2 weeks of the medication Ritalin, the present study investigated the quality of symptom interactions and the pattern of behavior changes to identify locations of functional weaknesses in the network interactions of symptomology. Ritalin® prescribed for 112 children (aged 4-14) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as diagnosed by five child and adolescent psychiatrists. Their parents completed Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham-IV questionnaire (SNAP-IV) before and after Ritalin® onset as the pre and post-test, respectively. Then, the network analysis approach was used to discover the pattern of changes in symptom interactions. The results indicated that in 2 weeks following its initiation, Ritalin significantly reduced restlessness and interactions between symptoms of impulsivity. "Inability to follow instructions" and "difficulty waiting their turn" symptoms were the most central symptoms of strength. Three symptoms, "Often has difficulty waiting their turn," "runs and climbs in situations where it is inappropriate" and "does not follow through on instructions," had the most expected influence. In the 14-day period of investigation, Ritalin® was effective in breaking some interactions and components of ADHD, but no significant mitigation of other components of the detected symptomatology network. Follow-up investigations using network analysis can clarify the dynamics of the network changes after initiation of medications.

An innovative approach to online consumer behaviour segmentation: the self-determination theory in an uncertain scenario

PurposeIn the most recent years, social, innovative, economic and political changes in the European context have characterized consumers' behaviours. The paper aims to understand if the use of electronic commerce differs in a situation characterized by uncertainty.Design/methodology/approachAn innovative approach to categorising online consumer behaviour considers the self-determination theory and basic psychological needs in an uncertain scenario. The research is based on a quantitative analysis obtained by clustering algorithms on a sample of 1,000 digital users in European countries. A structured questionnaire was administered online and distributed through the leading online social platforms and direct mailing.FindingsThe results show online activities during changes in consumer behaviour patterns and retailers' strategies. This research will allow online retail managers and practitioners to obtain important information to help them define appropriate customer-oriented strategic actions to enhance value in the electronic context for both customers and firms.Originality/valueThe innovation of this research approaches the categorization of online consumer behaviour by exploiting the self-determination theory in an uncertain scenario. Precisely, the novelty of this research is to highlight three detailed categories of electronic commerce consumers, namely, unwilling, halfback and digital, to collect, store and disseminate information about these categories of Online Consumers Behaviours.

Pharmacological Inactivation of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis Increases Affiliative Social Behavior in Rhesus Macaques.

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) has been implicated in a variety of social behaviors, including aggression, maternal care, mating behavior, and social interaction. Limited evidence from rodent studies suggests that activation of the BNST results in a decrease in social interaction between unfamiliar animals. The role of the BNST in social interaction in primates remains wholly unexamined. Nonhuman primates provide a valuable model for studying social behavior because of both their rich social repertoire and neural substrates of behavior with high translational relevance to humans. To test the hypothesis that the primate BNST is a critical modulator of social behavior, we performed intracerebral microinfusions of the GABAA agonist muscimol to transiently inactivate the BNST in male macaque monkeys. We measured changes in social interaction with a familiar same-sex conspecific. Inactivation of the BNST resulted in significant increase in total social contact. This effect was associated with an increase in passive contact and a significant decrease in locomotion. Other nonsocial behaviors (sitting passively alone, self-directed behaviors, and manipulation) were not impacted by BNST inactivation. As part of the "extended amygdala," the BNST is highly interconnected with the basolateral (BLA) and central (CeA) nuclei of the amygdala, both of which also play critical roles in regulating social interaction. The precise pattern of behavioral changes we observed following inactivation of the BNST partially overlaps with our prior reports in the BLA and CeA. Together, these data demonstrate that the BNST is part of a network regulating social behavior in primates.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) has a well-established role in anxiety behaviors, but its role in social behavior is poorly understood. No prior studies have evaluated the impact of BNST manipulations on social behavior in primates. We found that transient pharmacological inactivation of the BNST increased social behavior in pairs of macaque monkeys. These data suggest the BNST contributes to the brain networks regulating sociability.

Pengaruh Transformasi Digital dan Bisnis Online Terhadap Pola Perilaku Masyarakat Ciputat Timur

Digital transformation and convenience in online shopping activities have led to changes in people's behavior patterns, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, this research was conducted to obtain information about the influence of digital transformation and online business on people's behavior patterns. This research is quantitative research with a survey method conducted in East Ciputat. For the research conclusions to apply to the entire community of East Ciputat, a survey method was used using path analysis techniques in hypothesis testing. A total of 60 people were selected as samples through the calculation of the Slovin Formula. Based on the results of the calculation of research data and the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that digital transformation has a direct positive effect on behavioral patterns, online business has a direct positive effect on behavioral patterns, and digital transformation has a direct positive effect on online business.

A Review of Sedentary Behavior Assessment in National Surveillance Systems.

Temporal changes in sedentary behavior patterns reflect the evolving nature of our built and social environments, particularly the expanding availability of electronic media. It is important to understand what types of sedentary behavior are assessed in national surveillance to determine whether, and to what extent, they reflect contemporary patterns. The aims of this review were to describe the characteristics of questionnaires used for national surveillance of sedentary behavior and to identify the types of sedentary behaviors being measured. We reviewed questionnaires from national surveillance systems listed on the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) country cards to locate items on sedentary behavior. Questionnaire characteristics were categorized using the Taxonomy of Self-reported Sedentary Behavior Tools (TASST). The purpose and type of sedentary behaviors captured were classified using the Sedentary Behavior International Taxonomy (SIT). Overall, 346 surveillance systems were screened for eligibility, of which 93 were included in this review. Most questionnaires used a single-item direct measure of sitting time (n = 78, 84%). Work and domestic were the most frequently captured purposes of sedentary behavior, while television viewing and computer use were the most frequently captured types of behaviors. National surveillance systems should be periodically reviewed in response to evidence on contemporary behavior patterns in the population and the release of updated public health guidelines.

Orbitofrontal syndrome in an offender incarcerated for aggravated kidnapping, rape and death of a minor

Orbitofrontal syndrome is characterized by disinhibition, impulsiveness, transgression of social norms and sometimes thedevelopment of criminal behavior. This is the case of an 18-year-old male offender incarcerated for kidnapping, rape andhomicide of a minor. He was evaluated through interviews and the use of the Eysenck personality questionnaire (Form B), Raven’s progressive matrices (RPM), Rey–Osterrieth complex figure (Form A), Differences perception test (FACES-R), Stroop color and word test (SCWT), Mini-Mental state examination (MMSE) and Aggression questionnaire (AGQ). The research subject showed age-appropriate speech, language and vocabulary, and had neither physical problems nor attention, language, writing, reading, praxis, calculation, perception and memory disorders. The results highlight a higher-than-average intelligencequotient, optimal cognitive skills, melancholic temperament with depressive thoughts, introverted personality with lowenvironmental sensitivity, poor social skills, self-absorption and avoidance. Additionally, perfectionist tendencies, suddenemotional changes, difficulty changing behavioral patterns, impulsiveness and disinhibition, all of which are characteristicsof orbitofrontal syndrome. Finally, the research highlights the use of psychometric tests and neuropsychological evaluationsfor the diagnosis of orbitofrontal syndrome. Said tests and evaluations are necessary for the proper management of offendersincarcerated in prisons and/or detention centers who do not have access to neuroimaging; moreover, they may be used to design strategic intervention programs.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on preterm delivery.

Controversies exist on whether the pandemic lockdown has resulted in a lower rate of preterm deliveries. A higher stillbirth rate was also reported. This retrospective observational study aimed to examine the rate of preterm delivery and stillbirth in a tertiary hospital in Hong Kong during COVID-19 pandemic. Data from 8787 singleton pregnancies at Queen Mary Hospital between April 2018 to September 2021 were retrieved from the clinical management system and obstetric database. Rates of preterm delivery (<37 weeks), low birth weight infants (<2500 g), and stillbirth in the pre-pandemic (April 2018 to September 2019) and pandemic (April 2020 to September 2021) periods were compared. Total numbers of singleton deliveries during the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods were 5064 and 3723, respectively. Background demographics were comparable, except 3 were higher rates of cesarean sections (30.7% vs. 25.8%; p < 0.05) and hypertensive disorders (1.4% vs. 0.7%; p < 0.05) in the pandemic cohort. Moreover, more women with a spontaneous onset of labor had a history of preterm delivery (3.5% vs. 2.4%; p < 0.05) during the pandemic. Rates of low birth weight infants (8.7% vs. 7.4%; p = 0.03) and spontaneous preterm deliveries (2.6% vs. 1.7%; p = 0.01), particularly spontaneous moderate-to-late preterm delivery (32-36 weeks) (1.9% vs. 1.2%; p = 0.01) were significantly higher during COVID-19. However, no statistical difference was found in stillbirth rates (0.2% vs. 0.4%; p = 0.17). Rates of spontaneous preterm delivery and low birth weight babies increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This could be related to an increase in maternal stress, or a change in behavioral patterns for pregnant women.

Construction and analysis of circular RNA-associated competing endogenous RNA network in the hippocampus of aged mice for the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

Circular RNAs are highly stable single-stranded circular RNAs and enriched in the brain. Previous studies showed that circRNAs, as part of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) network, play an important role in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. However, the mechanism of circRNA-related ceRNA networks in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) has not been elucidated yet. POCD usually occurs in elderly patients and is characterized by hippocampal dysfunction. Here, aged C57BL/6 mice were subjected to exploratory laparotomy under sevoflurane anesthesia, and this POCD model was verified by Morris water maze test. Whole-transcriptome sequencing was performed on the hippocampus of control group (Con) and surgery group. One hundred and seventy-seven DEcircRNAs, 221 DEmiRNAs and 2,052 DEmRNAs were identified between two groups. A ceRNA network was established with 92 DEcircRNAs having binding sites with 76 DEmiRNAs and 549 target DEmRNAs. In functional enrichment analysis, a pathological pattern of POCD was highlighted in the ceRNA network: Abnormal metabolic process in neural cells, including oxygen metabolism, could promote apoptosis and then affect the synaptic function, which may undermine the neural plasticity and eventually lead to changes in cognitive function and other behavioral patterns. In conclusion, this specific ceRNA network of circRNAs-miRNAs-mRNAs has provided novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of POCD and revealed potential therapeutic gene targets.

Analysis of Social Change in Rural Communities Due to the Influence of Urbanization and Globalization in Indonesia

Urbanization and globalization have had a major influence in accelerating social change in society, including rural communities. These changes can have an impact on the values, culture, and social structure of rural communities. Therefore, this study aims to analyze social changes in rural communities due to the influence of urbanization and globalization in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze social changes in rural communities due to the influence of urbanization and globalization in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation studies. Respondents taken in this study are from rural communities who have experienced the effects of urbanization and globalization in rural areas in Indonesia. The results of the study show that the influence of urbanization and globalization has accelerated social change in rural communities in Indonesia. Some of the social changes that have occurred include changes in values, culture, and patterns of behavior in rural communities. This can be seen from changes in lifestyle, consumption patterns, mindsets, and patterns of social interaction. This social change had an impact on a shift in the social structure of rural communities, where there was a shift from an agrarian society to an increasingly urbanized society.

Canine scent detection of sinonasal-inverted papilloma in blood plasma and nasal secretions

Sinonasal-inverted papilloma (SNIP) is a rare, benign tumor of the sinonasal tract. Although these tumors are inherently benign, they are prone to malignant transformation and are associated with an unusually high rate of recurrence, even after complete surgical resection. As such, these patients must be followed long-term to monitor for recurrence or the presence of cancer. Unfortunately, there are currently no standards for long-term surveillance, and protocols usually require routine radiography and/or nasal endoscopy, which are not highly sensitive or specific, are time consuming, expensive, and confer morbidity to the patient. There is evidence that suggests that SNIP is associated with a uniquely detectable volatile metabolite signature. This study investigates the ability of four privately owned dogs to learn to identify the presence of SNIP in patients based on blood plasma samples. This type of medical detection is currently being used to create early diagnostic tools for other disease processes, which suggests promising results for the outcome of this study. Blood/plasma and nasal secretions were collected from both patients with SNIP, and healthy age-, sex-, and smoking-status-matched controls. Training was conducted twice weekly using errorless learning techniques that allowed the dogs to utilize odor concentration to guide their understanding of the target odor. After further training, a subsequent double-blind testing phase was conducted, in which the dogs' ability to expand recognition of the target odor from blood plasma samples to nasal secretion samples was assessed. Analysis of recorded training sessions revealed that the dogs exhibited successful odor discrimination between SNIP-positive plasma samples and SNIP-negative controls. Their pattern of behavior change also suggested similarity between SNIP odor in plasma and nasal secretions.

Are indicators useful for measuring and supporting the sustainability of forest use? A Zambian case study

Widespread dependence of rural communities on forest products is recognised, however, existing data on forest product use are limited and may not reflect current trends, as dependence patterns change over time. In the context of rapid deforestation, high levels of poverty, and associated reliance on natural resources such as forest products to support livelihoods, it is important to understand the current role of forests for supporting livelihoods so that these can be incorporated into policy and forest management efforts. Effective policies should go a step further and consider attitudes and behaviours of forest product users and attempt to understand linkages between behaviour and forest use. Being able to measure the sustainability of forest use (i.e. the impact of behaviours on the provisioning forest ecosystem) by using a composite indicator approach, is useful if we are to understand the potential impact of changes in behaviour or use patterns and if we hope to make changes that will result in more sustainable use. Here, we assess forest dependence using household interview data collected from 574 households in rural North-Western Zambia. Forest use data were recorded, which we used to inform the development of a forest use sustainability indicator, as were attitudes to forests and forest management, in an area where livelihoods depend on forest resources, with the backdrop of rapid national population growth and deforestation rates. While forest dependence among households was high (97% of households used forest products) and attitudes were generally pro-forest conservation, actual forest use (behaviour) showed signs of being unsustainable, based on the sustainability indicator used to measure forest use sustainability. By using an indicator approach to measure the sustainability of forest use at a household level, we were able to calculate projections of future sustainability based on theoretical future changes in harvesting practices. Local level quantifications of sustainability using standardised tools such as composite indicators could contribute to greater transparency in the process of analysing factors affecting sustainability and the development of appropriate, inclusive, and situation-specific policy to address the sustainability of forest use.

Longitudinal patterns and sociodemographic profiles of health-related behaviour clustering among middle-aged and older adults in China and Japan

Abstract Given inevitable age-related decreases in physical or mental capacity, studies on health-related behaviour (HRB) clustering in older people provide an opportunity to reduce health-care costs and promote healthy ageing. This study explores the clustering of HRBs and transition probabilities of cluster memberships over time, and compares sociodemographic characteristics of these clusters among Chinese and Japanese middle-aged and older adults. Using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 to 2015 (N = 19614) and the Japanese Study of Ageing and Retirement (JSTAR) from 2007 to 2011 (N = 7,080), Latent Transition Analysis was applied to investigate the clustering and change in clustering memberships of smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and body mass index. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the sociodemographic characteristics of these longitudinal HRB cluster members. We identified four common clusters in CHARLS and JSTAR: ‘smoking’, ‘overweight or obese’, ‘healthy lifestyle’ and ‘current smoking with drinking’, and an additional cluster named ‘ex-smoking with drinking’ in JSTAR. Although HRB cluster members were largely stable in both cohorts, participants in China tended to move towards an unhealthy lifestyle, while participants in Japan did the opposite. We also found that participants who smoked and drank were more likely to be male, younger, less educated and unmarried in both cohorts, but the overweight or obese participants were female, urban and higher income in CHARLS but not JSTAR. Our study not only contributes to the knowledge of longitudinal changes in health-related behavioural clustering patterns in an Asian elderly population, but may also facilitate the design of targeted multi-behavioural interventions to promote healthy lifestyles among older people in both countries.

ТРУДОУСТРОЙСТВО МОЛОДЕЖИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

The article discusses the problems associated with changing the process of youth employment in connection with digitalization. Against the background of the characteristics of the modern youth labor market, a comparative analysis of the features of employment in the 20th and 21st centuries is given, among which the need to change in the 21st in the model of human behavior in the labor market in the digital economy, which requires invariance of behavior and independence in decision-making, the study of prospects is of particular importance. emerging in the economy and the development of an individual educational trajectory, constant self-development and self-learning, readiness to change the type of activity, based on their needs and capabilities. It is shown that the need to change behavior patterns is associated with changes in the conditions in which the modern labor market functions, among which the most important place is occupied by digitalization and globalization of the media, a variety of forms of employment, remote and hybrid forms of work organization, an increase in geographical diversity, expansion of opportunities for people with disabilities, reducing the regulation of activities.

Performance investigation of a biomimetic latent heat thermal energy storage device for waste heat recovery in data centers

Improving the power usage effectiveness of data centers has become a significant challenge for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. To address this, here we propose a single-phase immersion cooling system with latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) devices to recover waste heat. Furthermore, an innovative LHTES device with palmate leaf-shaped fins is designed by bionic techniques. The phase change behavior and thermal transport patterns of biomimetic and traditional LHTES devices are investigated, and the effects of the arrangement and working conditions are revealed. Additionally, the proposed solution's application prospect and economy are presented. The results indicate that the performance of palmate leaf-shaped finned LHTES devices is significantly enhanced compared to traditional ones, whose charge and discharge durations reduce by 21.0 % and 38.2 %, respectively. Moreover, the natural convection development enhances the melting performance, but its effect on solidification processes is insignificant. Considering the trade-off between power consumption and LHTES efficiency, a horizontal biomimetic LHTES device with a flow rate of 20 L/min and a large heat-transfer temperature difference is suggested in practical engineering. Notably, the maximum reduction in annual power consumption for using biomimetic LHTES devices is 2397.4 kW·h, and the minimum payback period is only 2.0 years.

Language and learning: the cognitive revolution at 60-odd.

Around the middle of the last century, the prevailing psychological paradigm of behaviourism was challenged by what is now known as the cognitive revolution. Behaviourists viewed learning as changes in patterns of behaviour through reinforcement. By contrast, advocates of the cognitive approach argued that such behavioural changes were outward manifestations of computational operations on mental representations. Here we consider the current state of the cognitive revolution, focusing on the two most contentious issues in the debate: language and learning. The cognitive approach has proved to be extremely fruitful in both fields. Although contemporary learning theory has almost completely embraced the cognitive approach, the study of language has witnessed a clear empiricist trend to revert back to a kind of neo-behaviourism. Many contemporary authors contend that language is a means of communication that is learned solely through the observation of external events, and culturally transmitted to successive generations. Here, we argue that learning and language can only be properly understood from a cognitive perspective, where the mind is conceived of as a biologically underpinned computational system. As is the case in learning theory, there is abundant evidence showing that language is subserved by an autonomous cognitive system in the mind. We conclude that the cognitive revolution has fundamentally changed our understanding of the mind.

Changes in behavior patterns or demographic structure? Re-estimating the impact of higher education on the average age of the first marriage.

During the last few decades, China implemented college enrollment expansion to accelerate the process of urbanization. However, most existing papers blaming that receiving higher education may delay people choosing to enter the age of first marriage, which in turn results in the age of the population. In this paper, we argued that the previous papers confused the total impact of higher education on the average age of the first marriage with the influence on individual's behavior change, and thus led to overestimating the delayed effect of higher education on the age choosing behavior of first marriage. The present paper re-estimated the impact of higher education on the average age of the first marriage in China with both extensive and intensive margins using the duration model and qualified the pure effect on the behavior patterns change after removing macroeconomic factors. The results show that: (1) changes in either the demographic structure or behavior patterns due to higher education explain 63.41% or 36.59%, respectively, of the average marriage age delay; (2) the macro factors would delay the age of first marriage; (3) after controlling for demographic structure and macro factors, 3 years or more of higher education would only delay the choosing behavior of entering the first marriage by 0.84 years. Thus, we concluded that higher education does not completely squeeze the time of marriage, and the expansion of college enrollment could improve social and economic benefits.

Changes in the Current Patterns of Beef Consumption and Consumer Behavior Trends-Cross-Cultural Study Brazil-Spain-Turkey.

This cross-cultural study aimed to determine the main factors behind potential changes in eating habits by analyzing changes in the patterns of beef consumption currently observed in Brazil, Spain, and Turkey. To achieve this aim, 412 regular beef consumers from Brazil, 407 from Spain, and 424 from Turkey answered a self-administered questionnaire. The study surveyed the effects of economic factors, switching from beef to other sources of protein, aspects of credence, health-related concerns, the influence of lifestyle on beef consumption patterns, and purchasing decision factors. The most important factors that changed consumer behavior and resulted in a decrease in consumption, mostly among Brazilian and Turkish consumers, were the economics and accessibility of the products. Beef was replaced by other alternative sources of protein that were likewise derived from animals. The consumers whose purchasing intentions were most significantly influenced by credence factors (e.g., indiscriminate use of agricultural products, substandard animal welfare requirements, among others) were Brazilian and Turkish and, to a lesser degree, Spanish consumers. Lifestyle factors (e.g., consumption of out-of-home meals, available time to cook, among others) were demonstrated to alter consumption patterns and therefore must be carefully considered by the industry, taking into account cultural differences and consumer needs. The population under investigation considered that eating beef had no impact on their health.

Changes in transcriptomic and behavioural traits in activity and ventilation rates associated with divergent individual feed efficiency in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Feed conversion ratio (FCR) is an important trait to target in fish breeding programs, and the aim of the present study is to underline how the genetic improvement of FCR in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) drives to changes in transcriptional and behavioural patterns. Groups of fish with high (FCR+) and low (FCR-) individual FCR were established at the juvenile stage (161–315 dph) by rearing isolated fish on a restricted ration. Fish were then grouped on the basis of their individual FCR and they grew up until behavioural monitoring and gene expression analyses were done at 420 dph. The AEFishBIT datalogger (externally attached to operculum) was used for simultaneous measurements of physical activity and ventilation rates. This allowed discrimination of FCR+ and FCR- groups according to their different behaviour and energy partitioning for growth and locomotor activity. Gene expression profiling of liver and white muscle was made using customized PCR-arrays of 44 and 29 genes, respectively. Up to 15 genes were differentially expressed in liver and muscle tissues highlighting a different metabolic scope of FCR+ and FCR- fish. Hepatic gene expression profile of FCR- fish displayed a lower lipogenic activity that was concurrent with a down-regulation of markers of mitochondrial activity and oxidative stress, as well as a reallocation of body fat depots with an enhanced flux of lipids towards skeletal muscle. Muscle gene expression profile of FCR- fish matched with stimulatory and inhibitory growth signals, and an activation of energy sensors and antioxidant defence as part of the operating mechanisms for a more efficient muscle growth. These new insights contribute to phenotype the genetically mediated differences in fish FCR thanks to the combination of transcriptomic and behavioural approaches that contribute to better understand the mechanisms involved in a reliable FCR improvement of farmed gilthead sea bream.

Embodied labors during the state formation of Egypt and Nubia (ca. 4800–1750 BCE): Elucidating transformations in behavioral patterns with entheseal changes

AbstractThroughout Egypt and Nubia's state formation periods (4400–1750 BCE), broad transformations impacted Nile Valley communities, which experienced agricultural consolidation, sedentarization, and more complex social organization. The current study examines the various patterns and levels of physical activity in the skeletal remains of 259 predynastic and early dynastic individuals from Nubia (Northern Dongola Reach) and Egypt (el‐Badari, Naqada, el‐Ballas, and Hu). Using entheseal changes in the upper and lower limbs and non‐parametric tests, we have observed changes in behavior patterns between the fifth and second millennia BCE in the Nile Valley. These transformations include an increased impact on the evolution of physical activity and possibly specialized occupations in the Old Kingdom. In this regard, we discovered differences in activity based on the type of burial and the tasks performed by females compared with males. Furthermore, we found additional evidence to support the hypothesis that the Nubian state of Kerma was based on a highly mobile pastoral way of life.