National Attitudes Research Articles

Коммуникативные процессы в обществе как фактор формирования патриотизма

The article makes an understanding of the communicative processes in society as one of the key factors in the formation of patriotism in the civil environment. The importance of interpersonal and network communication as factors of the development of civic consciousness is considered. The role of the media is evaluated both in the development of patriotism and in discrediting patriotic attitudes. The importance of information products as one of the ways of representing social and, including, civil attitudes is substantiated.

THE CATHOLIC WOMEN'S PRESS IN INTERWAR POLAND: IN LOOKING FOR THE FIGURE OF AN IDEAL WOMAN

This article explores the representation of the ideal woman and femininity in the Polish interwar Catholic women's press, focusing on two selected publications – «Kuźniczanka» and «Gazeta dla kobiet.» In the 1920s and 1930s in Poland, Catholic periodicals were widely circulated, and the women's press developed against the backdrop of social changes caused by World War I. The Catholic women's press promoted a religious and nationalist worldview while paying attention to the new emancipation of women. In creating the image of the ideal woman, the Polish Catholic interwar press sought to influence its readers' behavior and life strategies. The article analyzes how these publications shaped the image of the ideal woman and femininity, as well as the consequences of such representation for their readership. «Gazeta dla Kobiet» emphasized the care and upbringing of children, highlighting the irreplaceable role of the mother in these areas. It advocated for constant maternal contact with the child, rationality, and moderation in relationships. The importance of religious education was also emphasized. «Kuźniczanka,» a publication that gained popularity at the national level, aimed at the religious education of adult women and the formation of a patriotic position. The magazine promoted the concept of hardworking, modest living and active participation in public work. The magazine sought to prepare its readers for the fulfillment of daily family duties and protect them from worldly temptations. The ideal woman depicted in the pages of «Kuźniczanka» was a prudent wife and mother, skilled in organizing household affairs, and a sensitive educator of the weak or socially marginalized. Both publications promoted an ideal image of a woman based on religious norms, virtuosity, hard work, and modesty. This model served to mobilize defenders of religious and national values and moral traditionalism. It also emphasized the crucial role of a properly educated woman in creating optimal conditions for the development of younger generations.

Establishing the Character of Love for the Country of Students in Growing an Attitude of Nationalism

The attitude of nationalism in schools is decreasing, and this is evidenced by various problems that occur in the school environment. The character of loving the motherland needs to be instilled in students so that they have a strong attitude of nationalism and love the local culture more, especially being able to appreciate the services of the heroes who have fought for Indonesian independence. Civics teachers in the formation of the character of loving the motherland and the inhibiting and supporting factors in the formation of the character of loving the motherland to foster students' nationalism. The approach in this research is qualitative with descriptive type. Data collection techniques using interviews (interviews), observation and documentation studies. The results showed that (1) the formation of the character of loving the motherland to foster an attitude of nationalism in students, namely carrying out routine flag ceremonies and extracurricular activities by singing the national anthem; (2) the role of the Civics teacher in forming the character of loving the motherland to foster students' nationalism, namely the teacher as the central pillar for students in learning and as an example or role model in character building. (3) In forming the character of loving the motherland, guidance is needed, and it takes time as well as the patience of the teacher and parents so that students will be motivated to have the expected attitude.

Nationalism education in elementary school: A systematic literature review

This article aims to present a literature review on nationalism education in Elementary School in the latest literature because there are still few who research it. This research applies the systematic review literature method with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocol. The research stages include identification, screening, eligibility, inclusion, and analysis presentation utilizing the help of the Publish or Perish 7 application, VOSviewer, and NVIVO 12 Plus. The results of searching for articles according to the theme in Scopus through the Publish or Perish 7 application there are 226 articles which are filtered into 50 selected papers. The topic findings are character education, education, architectural education, democratic parenting, nationalism attitude, character building, international education, digital citizenship, acculturation, literacy, citizenship education, traditional games, national education, de-colonialism, ethnicity, implementation of character education reinforcements, ethno-nationalism, and curriculum. The research findings mention that nationalism education in elementary schools is a conscious effort of educational institutions to instill students’ understanding, knowledge, and attitudes to love and defend the country implemented through civics, social studies, and character education, which has an impact on character building, students’ love for language, culture and the integrity of the country. Future research needs to examine nationalism education in elementary schools according to approaches, strategies, media, materials, technological developments, and research trends.

Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Nasionalisme dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Aswaja dan ke-NU-an di Madrasah Aliyah Nasy’atul Muta’allimin

The background of this research is the attitude of a student who received Aswaja dan NU-ness education who has a nationalist attitude. The purpose of this research is to analyze the extent to which the Aswaja dan NU-ness Education lessons in which there is knowledge about nationalism can become nationalist students. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive types and data collection techniques used, observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study stated that in the lesson there was material about mabadi khaira ummah, ukhuwah wathaniyah, and Nahdlatul Ulama in the nation s struggle. The nationalist attitude of students obeys teachers, school rules, sings subbanul wathan songs, attends ceremonies every Monday and santri day.

Excellence of the diversity value and the educational environment on student nationalism

This study aimed at determine the role of the diversity value and the educational environment on Indonesian student nationalism. A quantitative approach was used with descriptive and inferential regression methods, while the populations were all Indonesian students at public and private universities. Furthermore, the samples consisted of 916 respondents obtained through purposive sampling covering the clusters of Eastern Indonesia, namely NTB and NTT, the Central, which include Kalimantan, and that of West, namely Java and Sumatra. The data were collected through a questionnaire that was tested for validity and reliability, while the instrument was analyzed using the EFA technique and the hypothesis was tested through regression analysis with SEM program. It was discovered that the diversity value and the educational environment had a significant role in the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of Indonesian student nationalism, such that an increase in the educational environment also leads to the improvement of nationalism attitude. Similarly, the diversity value had a positive significant effect on the Indonesian student nationalism knowledge and attitude. This means that its increase results in improved knowledge of nationalism. Therefore, this study has been able to prove that the fear of a decline in student nationalism is irrelevant.

Populist radical-right governments in Central-Eastern Europe and education policy-making: a comparison of Hungary and Poland

ABSTRACT In the European political landscape characterized by the strengthening influence of Eurosceptic, radical-right, and populist parties, Hungary and Poland represent insightful cases for understanding how the populist radical right uses its power in government and acts in full capacity to design education policies. From a systematic comparison of the education policy trajectories taken by Hungarian and Polish populist radical-right governments, we identified three characteristic patterns of populist radical-right education policy-making in the two countries: commitment to a conservative-nationalist agenda through comprehensive, systemic interventions, the implementation of Christian identitarianism through conceptualising public education as Christian upbringing, and finally, the gradual extremisation of the education agenda combined with the growing influence of transnational conservative knowledge transfer centred on the ‘gender wars’. We find that the boundary between far-right nativist and nationalist positions and Christian-conservative standpoints has faded away, and the two governments, which identify as Christian conservative, have increasingly mainstreamed far-right agendas.

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN VCT TERHADAP SIKAP NASIONALISME SISWA SMAN 9 PADANG

Seeing the learning process is a process of communication that school is a world that is bound by its own small communication. The success of an educational process is not only measured from the cognitive aspect of students, but no less important in terms of affective and psychomotor aspects are also determining factors for the success of an educational process. Therefore, in addition to family and the environment, when children enter the world of education, teachers also play an important role in shaping the attitudes of their students, especially attitudes related to students' sense of love for their homeland, namely student nationalism. By using the VCT model, educators are forced to slowly start instilling the values of nationalism. Through a learning model that is able to create a society that has an attitude of nationalism and patriotism to increase the behavior of nationalism of students so that they have character and temperament.

Tinjauan Pustaka Sistematis: Penanaman Sikap Nasionalisme melalui Kegiatan Upacara Bendera di Sekolah Dasar

This study analyzed the obstacles, strategies, and results of flag ceremony activities in Indonesian elementary schools. The method used in this study was a systematic literature review. The information used contained an attitude of nationalism. The literature review process was conducted by searching for relevant articles, evaluating them using data extraction, and then comparing the literature results. The database used was Google Scholar. The results of this study indicated that (1) the obstacles in cultivating nationalism are the lack of discipline, order, and mutual respect among people; (2) the strategies used in cultivating nationalism include reminding, guiding, and explaining, as well as involving teachers and students in instilling nationalism; (3) the result of cultivating nationalism in flag ceremony activities is the formation of individuals who are moral and ethical and understand the importance of the activities. The implications of this study were: first, teachers must be able to provide understanding and examples related to instilling nationalism; second, students can make habituation through good behaviour to be applied in daily life. This study revealed the inculcation of nationalism in Indonesian elementary schools comprehensively.

Emerging Negative Soft Power: The Evolution of China’s Identity in the 2008 and 2022 Beijing Olympics Opening and Closing Ceremonies

ABSTRACT By hosting the Olympics in 2008 and 2022, Beijing became the first city to organise both the Summer and Winter Games. These events offered the People’s Republic of China (PRC) an opportunity to present itself to the world and enhance its attractiveness. However, between the two editions, Chinese self-perception has experienced significant transformations, as has its vision of the world, resulting in the national attitude shifting from adaptation to, to contestation of pre-established norms and paradigms. The symbols, images, scenes and discourses exhibited during the opening and closing ceremonies of the Beijing 2008 and 2022 Olympics mirror the broader international communication strategies deployed by the PRC under the Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping presidencies as part of their implementation of negative soft power.

Rents, refugees, and the populist radical right

The recent successes of populist radical right (PRR) parties have caused major upheavals across European political landscapes. Yet, the roots of their rising popularity continue to be widely debated. We contribute to these debates by advancing a thus far underexplored argument of rising rent burden as key to understanding contemporary PRR vote and nativist attitudes. Rising rents lie at the heart of growing concerns related to housing (un)affordability and (over)burden across Western democracies, directly affecting the economic and social well-being of substantial numbers of citizens. PRR parties, we argue, stand to gain from politicizing such concerns in distinct economic and nativist terms, especially amidst challenges like the European refugee crisis, which provoked an urgent need to house unprecedented inflows of refugees. Drawing on individual-level panel data from Germany, we uncover a strong relationship between rising rents, PRR vote, and hostile attitudes toward refugees. In calling attention to rising rents, our study adds important insights into scholarship on the politics of housing markets not only from the perspective of home ownership and housing assets, but also rents. In so doing, we also refine understandings of the conditions under which economic factors shape PRR support

IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM MEMBENTUK SIKAP NASIONALISME PADA SISWA SMPN 1 TOMPOBULU BANTAENG

The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of character education in forming an attitude of nationalism in students of SMP Negeri 1 Tompobulu Bantaeng Regency. The indicators measured in this study are the attitude of nationalism and the formation of an attitude of nationalism. This type of research is a qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The research was conducted at Tompobulu Public Middle School 2, Tompobulu District, Bantaeng Regency, in South Sulawesi Province. This research lasted for approximately 2 months. The instruments used in this study were observation sheets on the implementation of character education, interview guidelines, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the role of character education in forming an attitude of nationalism in students of SMP Negeri 1 Tompobulu Bantaeng, namely through Civics and Religion subjects as well as extracurriculars and each lesson is given about character education, nationalism, always being polite to parents and other people. another, having tolerance towards people with the aim of becoming the next generation who can make the Indonesian nation better.

National Identity and Patriotic Attitudes: A Case of Lithuanian School Students


 
 
 This paper discusses the situation of people in the current modern nation state in terms of their relation to their own nation and state. They are situated between patriotic and economic interests, between individual rights and national interest, between empirical needs and abstract requirements. These tensions, described more elaborately in a previous article, are illustrated by the research of focus groups on the attitudes of Lithuanian school students. A majority of students was found to prefer economic and personal motivation over patriotic. Historical education based on comics was tested as a way to implement more patriotic attitudes.
 
 

A Review of Incomplete Agreements and the Formation of a Sales of Goods Contract

Purpose - This paper focuses on two issues that may arise from incomplete agreements in relation to the formation of contracts in international sales transactions, and explores national attitudes toward these issues. The first issue is whether a contract can be formed for an incomplete agreement. The second issue is the question of what criteria can be used to determine terms not agreed upon between the parties.
 Design/Methodology/Approach - This paper analyzes each country’s attitude toward incomplete agreement through case analysis. It explores the international trend towards incomplete agreements through analysis of the case of the UK and the cases of CISG member countries.
 Findings - Our findings may be summarized as follows. Even if an incomplete agreement is achieved, the courts tend to interpret it to allow the formation of a contract if the parties’ intentions to be bound by the agreement are clear. Whether or not a contract is formed depends on what terms the parties need to agree to in order to make the contract binding. If there is no agreement between the parties regarding the open terms, these are determined by applying objective criteria that consider the transaction process, trade usage, and purpose of the contract.
 Research Implications - This research is significant in that it analyzes the trends in the interpretation of incomplete agreements. This thesis found where it was clear that the parties intended to be bound, and to establish a legal relationship, it is permissible to imply terms that give business validity.

Dispassionate Borders: Common Patterns of Belonging in European Cross-Border Regions

ABSTRACT Cross-border regions are seen as specific spaces where both cosmopolitanism and nationalistic attitudes can spread. It is commonly argued that due to the physical proximity to a neighbouring country, the development of cross-border encounters and interactions among contiguous populations can both favour the emergence of shared supranational identifications and reinvigorate nationalistic sentiments. Based on a series of semi-structured interviews with inhabitants, this paper investigates common patterns of belonging in three European cross-border regions. The relatively dispassionate way in which the differences created around the border are experienced and communicated by the interviewees reveals that although the border continues to significantly structure the feelings of belonging of the inhabitants of these regions, its centrality and capacity for social polarisation are limited. In the context of the European integration process, the analysis shows that despite the persistence of the border, it is frequently transcended, imbricated with other borders and scales of belonging, and increasingly banalised. These findings suggest that border societies are not necessarily overdetermined by their geography either towards cosmopolitan or nationalistic attitudes.

Features of the Manifestation of Patriotism among Students with Different Attitudes to a Special Military Operation

The article presents the results of an empirical study characterizing the dependence of the manifestation of patriotism and attitude to a special military operation among students. The relevance of the research is due to the socio-political transformations of the domestic and foreign policy of the state, which require a revision of the system of patriotic education of young people based on basic, national and historical values. Changes in the architecture of interstate relations require the restructuring of the formation of a person who is ready to defend the priorities of his country in various spheres of life, which is impossible without a true patriotic attitude to his homeland. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was a systematic approach developed by domestic researchers B.F. Lomov, V.S. Merlin, V.D. Nebylitsin, A.I. Krupnov, etc.; a holistic and functional approach to the study of personality traits and character traits (Krupnov, 1994), studies of patriotism (Kudinov, 2017,2018; Gavrilushkin, 2012; Lutovinov, 1997; Potemkin, 2009; etc.). The questionnaire "Patriogram" was used to study patriotism (Kudinov, Potemkin, 2008). To identify the attitude of students to a special military operation, an author's questionnaire was developed. The results of the study on a sample of 109 students of Moscow universities, followed by mathematical and statistical analysis, allowed us to establish statistically significant differences between the indicators of patriotism among students with different attitudes to a special military operation. In general, it was found that there is no direct relationship between the indicators of patriotism and a positive attitude to the special operation. Low indicators of patriotism are also not directly related to a negative attitude towards their own. The empirical data obtained indicate that the students consider patriotism in a broad context and does not associate this personal property with confrontation in relation to the outside world. The results of the study prove the need to improve educational activities aimed at the formation and development of patriotism at different stages of education.

Satire without borders: the age-moderated effect of one-sided versus two-sided satire on hedonic experiences and patriotism.

The differential satire effects across domestic and foreign audiences are largely unknown; yet, this is of growing relevance as political satire increasingly reaches international audiences. A two-country experiment was conducted in which satirical stimuli from the Netherlands with either a one-sided (only targeting the United States) or two-sided humorous message (targeting both the U.S. and the Netherlands) was presented to a domestic (in-group) or foreign (out-group) audience. Specifically, this study examines political satire's differential emotional and attitudinal impact on audiences located in the country-of-production (Netherlands) or abroad (U.S.). Results show that satire sidedness uniformly influenced hedonic enjoyment: compared to two-sided satire, one-sided satire elicited negative emotions and decreased positive emotions for both the in-group (Dutch) and the out-group (U.S.) audience. Yet, satire differentially affected patriotic attitudes. This effect was moderated by country and age: younger U.S. citizens became less patriotic after exposure to the one-sided satire that targeted their country and decreased their positive emotions; older U.S. citizens, in contrast, became more patriotic after exposure to this one-sided satire that particularly increased their negative emotions. The Dutch audience's level of patriotism remained stable irrespective of satire sidedness. Altogether, this study demonstrates how humor type, country-of-reception, and age matter for satire effects.

Implementation of Social Integration in Strengthening Nationalism

The strength that is able to create social integration is the existence of a mutual agreement in the form of community values, the existence of parties who have the power to instill these values and the need for functional interdependence between community groups so that any established mechanism will be obeyed together in order to achieve common goals. This study aims to identify the description of social integration of society, describe the attitude of nationalism in society, analyze the implementation of social integration in strengthening nationalism, analyze the factors that influence the implementation of social integration in strengthening nationalism. This study uses a meta-analytic approach based on qualitative approach data through in-depth interviews related to social integration in the Tanah Laut Regency area. The results of the research include the social integration of residents in the Tajau Pecah village, which can be seen from the existence of a closer interdependence relationship between the parts so as to create a harmonious atmosphere. A sense of nationalism with an attitude of responsibility, and a feeling of having shared aspirations to improve development in the village of Tajau Pecah. The implementation of social integration in strengthening nationalism in the village of Tajau Pecah, Tanah Laut district, through social interaction which includes inter-ethnic assimilation and communication has been seen in the people of Tajau Pecah village.

Is the unhappy citizen a populist citizen? Linking subjective well-being to populist and nativist attitudes

AbstractEconomic grievances, globalization, and voter discontent are among the usual explanations for the surge in right-wing populism (RWP) across Western democracies. However, subjective well-being has recently been introduced as an overlooked psychological factor explaining citizens’ democratic support, immigration attitudes, and populist vote choice. Yet we know little about how general well-being, instead of specific negative sentiments, relates to populist and nativist attitudes. This study examines the well-being bases of populist and nativist attitudes in Finland where, similar to other European countries, populism and anti-immigration attitudes have increased since the early 2000’s. Using the Finnish 2019 National Election Study, we demonstrate that life dissatisfaction, and not only economic concerns, relates to populist attitudes, setting an agenda for future populism research. We suggest that past research has not fully accounted for all psychological factors in explaining support for RWP.

Utilization of Rengasdengklok Historical Site as a Source of Learning Pancasila and Civic Education in Improving Morale Nationalism

This research is motivated by the negative impact of the rapid development of globalization which is the main cause of the decline in the sense of nationalism. The decline in the spirit and attitude of nationalism among the youth is currently getting higher. Youth who should have a sense of love and pride for their country, in fact, have an indifferent attitude that results in their laziness to participate in the flag ceremony, undisciplined, preferring foreign products, and ashamed to wear their own nation's cultural attributes such as the use of batik. This opinion caused various problems among students, namely during the flag ceremony there were still many students who were not disciplined, some did not participate in the flag ceremony at all, did not memorize the Indonesian national anthem, did not memorize Pancasila, did not follow the rules and regulations, and do not respect each other. This research uses a qualitative approach and case study research methods. Data collection techniques carried out in this study were interviews, observations, and documentation studies as well as data analysis techniques by means of data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing, and verification as well as data validity. The results of this study indicate that (a) The Rengasdengklok historical site is relevant to be used as a learning resource for Civics because it is full of struggle values that can be used to increase the students' spirit of nationalism. (b) The role of teachers in schools is quite good by coordinating with schools and accommodating students well. (c) The results from the use of historical sites have quite an impact as shown by changes in students' attitudes towards a better direction. (d) while in the process of utilization, there are obstacles and ways to overcome them. External and internal constraints can be resolved by coordination between all elements such as the principal, vice principal of the curriculum section, PPKn teachers, and students.