Patriarchal Perspective Research Articles

A Feminist Film Analysis of the Representation of Woman in Chinese Film Noir: Based on the Bold, the Corrupt, and the Beautiful

The cinema industry has always presented female figures from a patriarchal perspective, propagandizing the men’s authority over women. The typical character “female fatale” with fatal sexual attraction in the genre film noir has already been the focus of many feminist scholars. The essay focuses on the issue of the representation of women in Chinese film noir through examining the female figures in The Bold, the Corrupt, and the Beautiful (2017) by close textual analysis. Three heroines, the mom Madame Tang, the daughters Tang Ning and Tang Zhen, as the embodiment of “female fatale” drive the film’s plot and articulate their agency of resisting the masculine power. However, the study will prove that the Chinese female fatale conventionally cannot escape from the fatal tragedy and pessimism in their unsolvable dilemma.

The Sacred and the Profane: Menstrual Flow and Religious Values

Most religious texts and practices warrant the exclusion of women from religious rituals and public spheres during the menstrual flow. This is seemingly at odds with the very idea of ‘Religion’ which binds the human beings with God without any gender and sexual discrimination. The present article attempts to problematize the ascription of negative values on menstruating women prevalent in both Hinduism and Christianity, two major world religions of the East and the West. After briefly stating the patriarchal values that restrict women from participating in religious rituals and shaming them during menstruation as seen from both these religions, the article highlights the alternate feminist perspectives in beliefs that positively value the menstruating bodies. Thus, the notion of profanity is revalued as sacred in these alternate religious perspectives.Drawing from the writings of Mary Douglas, we then examine the connection between the notion of purity/impurity and menstruation and argue that what makes something pure or impure depends upon the archetype the society chooses to represent itself. In itself, nothing is either pure or impure in the sense of having a value or disvalue. This argument is exemplified through a feministic-hermeneutic approach to the religious practices in two major world religions. The article concludes by uncovering the patriarchal values held by religions as the cause of menstrual taboos in religious practices and argues that the notions of purity/impurity and sacred/profane are the results of the valuations made—from a patriarchal or feministic perspective.

A postcolonial feminist analysis of official tourism representations of Sri Lanka on Instagram

Although postcolonial analyses examining the sexualized imagery of women in tourism have been conducted, previous studies have predominantly focused on gender and (post)colonialism from a patriarchal perspective. By doing so, other (neo)colonial power asymmetries, such as race, class and ethnicity, have often been neglected. This paper mobilises postcolonial feminist theory to expand the existing analyses and discourses concerning gendered representations in tourism. Through a narrative analysis of the images published in the official Instagram page of Sri Lanka's Ministry of Tourism, we contend that the images produced and circulated to promote Sri Lanka in many instances echo essentialist gendered binaries (e.g. men/women; coloniser/colonised; hegemonic/subordinated). However, as the images tend to produce and reiterate Sri Lankan national identity through a hegemonic Sinhalese Buddhist discourse, they also show the intersections between gender and other asymmetries of power (e.g. race, ethnicity, religion, and social class) – in reproducing (post)colonial gendered identities.

A Female Fate in “Quare Name For A Boy”, by Claire Keegan

Questions regarding the female gender – especially those that entail women’s role in society – are better understood once analyzed within a historical background. In the Irish patriarchal perspective, women were idealized as wife and mothers; motherhood was imposed as a social norm, and the domestic realm was sanctified as the basis of the family unit. This institutionalized version of womanhood, questioned initially by the 1970s feminist movements, is confronted by the transformations of Ireland after the Celtic Tiger Period, when the work environment was redesigned with the inclusion women as workforce. From the 1980s onward, Irish women demanded the revision of issues such as marriage, motherhood, abortion, sexual freedom and equal pay. In “Quare Name for a Boy”, published in Antarctica (1999), Claire Keegan presents the predicament of a woman who gets pregnant after a casual fling, returning home to reassess her place and fate, in comparison to those of her female relatives. This reading of Keegan’s story, in the light of studies by Pauline Jackson, Jacqueline Rose, and Pilar Argaiz on the social and cultural transformations that Ireland has undergone, intends to demonstrate how women are breaking the mold regarding female fate by opting for a more independent role in society.

Ser madre en la ficción televisiva: una comparativa entre series españolas y estadounidenses

Resumen. El presente trabajo analiza la representación de la maternidad en las series de ficción televisiva, con el fin de aportar una reflexión acerca de cómo se configuran las narrativas que dan significado a la mujer y sus roles dentro de las series. Para ello, se ha trabajado sobre una metodología mixta, que conjuga datos cuantitativos con cualitativos, analizando un total de seis series de ficción­ —tres españolas y tres estadounidenses— que se integran en dos géneros fronterizos: el drama y el dramedy. Los resultados apuntan que, a pesar de que la ficción televisiva incorpora nuevas narrativas que introducen temas relevantes para las mujeres en la actualidad, la representación de la maternidad continúa reflejándose desde una perspectiva tradicional y patriarcal, aunque se observa cierta innovación, alejada de los roles tradicionales, a la hora de representar la maternidad en las series estadounidenses.

At Risk of “Leftover Singles”: Dimensions and Sociopsychological Repercussions of Delayed Marriageability Among Educated Females in Pakistan

The current study examined the educational, economic, and sociocultural, family and personal dimensions of delayed marriage among educated females in Pakistan. In addition, it revealed family-based and personal dimensions of delayed marriage among educated females in Pakistan. Furthermore, it highlighted the sociopsychological consequences of delayed marriageability among females in patriarchal society. For this purpose, 35 females, in the age bracket of 30–49 years and with a minimum of 16 years of education, were recruited for the current study through purposive and snowball sampling technique. An interview guide was used as a tool for data collection. The main sociocultural factors of delayed marriageability were the unavailability of a suitable match in the marriage market, the provision of the dowry, the pivotal role of the caste system and the second fiddle role of sectarian affiliation, and previous marital status (engaged or divorced) of the females. The structure and the size of the family were also the decisive family factors of delayed marriageability. Additionally, among personal traits, physical outlook and effective individualism played a prominent role. The current study conjectured a relational insight and transformation in a family structure for family demographers. It was the first qualitative study to highlight the patriarchal perspective of Pakistani society on the factors of delayed marriages. The findings of the current study would enrich the overall theoretical understanding of delayed marriageability among females.

EL ENFOQUE FEMINISTA DE LA TRADUCCIÓN E INTERPRETACIÓN: UNA VENTAJA COMPETITIVA

Tradicionalmente, la investigación nos ha presentado la práctica de latraducción feminista como un espacio de conflicto, algo que no animaa jóvenes profesionales a trabajar desde esta perspectiva ética. Si bienes cierto que un enfoque feminista ante la vida implica un cierto nivelde oposición y conflicto, también es cierto que la parte positiva de seruna traductora feminista no ha sido estudiada y por lo tanto permaneceinvisible. Este artículo se centra en las ventajas de ser traductorae intérprete feminista en el mercado y cómo este enfoque es fundamentalpara una labor realmente profesional.

“Don’t Give Up! Don’t Give in!” Gender in International Relations and “Curious” Feminist Questions

“Don’t Give Up! Don’t Give in!” Gender in International Relations and “Curious” Feminist Questions

Innovating “Traditional” Women’s Roles: Byzantine Insights for Orthodox Christian Gender Discourse

AbstractSome contemporary hierarchically endorsed statements about gender within Orthodox Christianity appeal to “traditional roles” for women. Byzantine hagiographies about women, however, often confound the stability suggested by such rhetoric, and offer a more open “tradition” of Orthodox Christians celebrating diverse and boundary‐breaking forms of women’s sanctity (even if via negation of their womanhood). Although these texts betray an unabashedly historical patriarchal perspective, they also can be read as using gender, via an almost apophatic dialectic, to convey theological values that challenge essentialist associations between specific vocations, authoritative positions, and particular sexes. As hagiography is an influential genre for Orthodox beliefs and practices, the ways hagiographers negotiate and depict gender should inform understandings of gender in Orthodox “tradition.”

The Critique of Feminism on Traditional Christian Theology: An Analysis from Qur’ānic Perspective

The study attempts to highlight feminists’ critics against traditional Christian theology on women. Traditional Cristian theology or known as Biblical or Christian patriarchy by the feminists has allegedly been studied and comprehended from a patriarchal perspective of male dominance hence misrepresentation of female scriptural image within the Bible. In this study, feminists’ critics on issue pertaining to women in the Bible were selected and analyzed its specifics before scrutinized further from Qur’anic point of view. The study finds that despite the feminists’ claim of image defamation of women in the Bible, the Qur’ān on the other hand represented its female subjects in the most acceptable non-discriminative manner. Women as depicted in the Qur’ān were purged of any offensive and denounced outcomes of their own existence and nature. Utilizing scriptural-textual analysis method, the study embarks on deriving points of comparison between the two scriptures highlighting agreements and discrepancies of both texts.

The Critique of Feminism on Traditional Christian Theology: An Analysis from Qur’ānic Perspective

The study attempts to highlight feminists’ critics against traditional Christian theology on women. Traditional Cristian theology or known as Biblical or Christian patriarchy by the feminists has allegedly been studied and comprehended from a patriarchal perspective of male dominance hence misrepresentation of female scriptural image within the Bible. In this study, feminists’ critics on issue pertaining to women in the Bible were selected and analyzed its specifics before scrutinized further from Qur’anic point of view. The study finds that despite the feminists’ claim of image defamation of women in the Bible, the Qur’ān on the other hand represented its female subjects in the most acceptable non-discriminative manner. Women as depicted in the Qur’ān were purged of any offensive and denounced outcomes of their own existence and nature. Utilizing scriptural-textual analysis method, the study embarks on deriving points of comparison between the two scriptures highlighting agreements and discrepancies of both texts.

Patriarchal hegemony

PurposeResearch on the impact of patriarchy and patriarchal norms on women’s work-life balance is scarce. A typical patriarchal society, such as Nigeria, tends to be organised based on gender, and the construct is embedded in the culture. This paper aims to investigate the impact of patriarchy on women’s work-life balance in a non-Western context: Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopt a qualitative research approach to enhance their insight into the issue of patriarchy and women’s work-life balance. Data for the study were collected over a four-month period, using semi-structured interviews as the primary method of data collection.FindingsThe findings of the thematic analysis reveal the impact of patriarchy on women’s work-life balance in Sub-Saharan Africa, specifically Nigeria. Women’s aspirations to achieve work-life balance in this part of the world are often frustrated by patriarchal norms, which are deeply ingrained in the culture. The findings of this study reveal that male dominance of and excessive subordination of females, domestic and gender-based division of labour and higher patriarchal proclivities among men are the ingredients of a patriarchal society. These issues make the achievement of work-life balance difficult for women.Research limitations/implicationsThe extent to which the findings of this research can be generalised is constrained by the limited sample size and the selected research context.Practical implicationsThe insights gleaned from this research suggest that there are still major challenges for women in the global south, specifically Nigeria, in terms of achieving work-life balance due to the prevalent patriarchy and patriarchal norms in the society. Strong patriarchal norms and proclivity negatively affect women’s work-life balance and in turn may impact employee productivity, organisational effectiveness, employee performance and employee punctuality at work. However, an Australian “Champion of Change” initiative may be adopted to ease the patriarchal proclivity and help women to achieve work-life balance.Originality/valueThis paper provides valuable insights by bringing patriarchy into the discussion of work-life balance. This issue has been hitherto rare in the literature. It therefore enriches the literature on work-life balance from a patriarchal perspective.

Gender (Re)configuration in Nigerian Literature through Time and Space

SummaryThis article underscores how time and space have influenced the question of gender – its construction, representation and re-interpretation – in contemporary Nigerian literature. It examines various positions of male writers, such as Cyprian Ekwensi and Chinua Achebe, whose works entrenched a conservative, patriarchal perspective of gender that valorises masculinity at the expense of femininity. On the other hand, women writers such as Buchi Emecheta, Flora Nwapa and Zaynab Alkali produced fiction which countered the stereotypical representations of women pervasive in early Nigerian literature. Contemporary Nigerian women writers such as Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Lola Shoneyin and Chika Unigwe, writing from an unapologetically feminist point of view, have built on the work of the pioneer womanist writers to produce works of art that underline social transformation in Nigeria where gender hierarchy is constantly questioned and challenged. This discussion of the evolution of gender representation in Nigerian literature is pursued against the backdrop of theoretical understandings of time and space as intrinsically linked to re-imaginations of history and society.

Prevalence of Types of Perpetration: Gender and Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence Within a Prison Sample in Singapore

ABSTRACTIt has been reported in Western research on intimate partner violence (IPV) that there are similar rates between males and females (Filbert, 2010). The objective of this study was to compare male and female prisoners from Singapore on rates of IPV as well as the Johnson (2006) types of IPV. Women (n = 75) self-reported higher rates of physical IPV perpetration in the past year (64.0%) than (n = 75) did men (46.1%). Women reported similar rates of IPV for themselves and their partners in the past year (64.0%), while men reported slightly more physical IPV for themselves (46.1%) than they did for their female partners (41.3%). In line with Johnson (2006), rates of intimate terrorism were calculated between 5% and 7% for themselves and their partners, with little variation due to gender. Violent resistance (VR) was calculated at between 2.1% and 7%, with more female than male VR reported for women. Much higher rates of situational couple violence was calculated for both males and females, ranging from 53.3% to 66.7% in the past year, while mutual violent control was significantly lower, ranging from between 14.8% to 20.0%, with data being discussed in relation to patriarchal and family violence perspectives. We concluded that the rates of IPV between males and females were very similar as were the types of IPV. Further research with other cultures should be encouraged for comparison with Western samples.

The Feminist Theology's View of Christian Doctrine

Feminist Theology is a movement considered have altered several doctrines of ‎Christianity, by cause of their persistence calling for equality with men. Initially, the ‎movement of Feminist Theology merely demanded favors they should had it. ‎However, Feminist Theologian gone so far from the position they should be before ‎breaking decrees of Christianity. They tend to understand God through a women-‎biased point of view, since concept of God are commonly comprehended from ‎patriarchal perspective. Indeed, a true theology is what comes based on Holy ‎Scripture. Such a principle, however, is not applied by Feminist Theology, since ‎their theological view are established on Christian women experience all this time. ‎According to Feminist Theology, doctrine of Christianity suggested to prioritize ‎men rather than women and accordingly, Feminist Theology desire to reconstruct ‎it to be more slightly feminine-nuanced. Margaret D. Kamitsuka, one of Feminist ‎Theologians believes in that Feminist Theology born in a struggle and continuously ‎humiliated, before bringing about the new spiritual image and resistance discourse ‎concerning in an empowerment of women. To conclude, this paper will try to ‎reveal briefly the development and Feminist Theological view about doctrine of ‎Christianity.‎

Constructing the Patriarchal Woman: Liturgical Challenges for Orthodox Christian Gender Equality

Orthodox Christianity is patriarchal in its heritage and institutional hierarchy. In the liturgical context, however, historical patriarchal orientations, images, and perspectives dominate even contemporary rites and forms that specifically address women’s religiosity. The liturgical setting is one in which actions and words have additional authority because most Orthodox believe this context to be reflective of and participative in a divine reality. Consequently, the androcentric actions, prayers, voices, and images that appear liturgically have the potential to sanctify implicitly the male domination of women’s religious experiences and identities. An acknowledgment of the liturgically reified patriarchal perspective, privilege, and prioritization prompts reconsidering the ways those with non-dominant religious identities may experience the liturgical forms and space differently than what is traditionally (and therefore patriarchally) presented, and the diverse ways they may nevertheless meaningfully constitute their religious selves.

Le impronte del traduttore

Sommario Drawing on Antoine Berman’s theory of translation as a critical act, this article analyzes the Swedish translation of Giovanni Verga's masterpiece I Malavoglia. The actual translation analysis therefore takes as its starting point a pre-analysis that highlights the translator’s individual motives to deviate from the source text. The results show that the Swedish translator has done extensive changes to Verga’s polyphonic novel, giving it a more homogeneous form. Drawing on theoretical ideas on the translator’s unconscious and habitus, the article shows that the translator has downplayed the novel’s expressive and vernacular traits as well as the patriarchal perspectives, emphasizing instead the novel’s religious paths.

Meaning of parenting as a teenager.

Describe the meaning of parenting as a teenager. Study of the qualitative approach with phenomenological approach in the fourth village of San Cristobal (Bogotá, Colombia). The information was obtained by means of semi-structed interviews, participant observation, photos, daily and focal groups field. The information analysis was performed using the phenomenological method of Amadeo Giorgi. The meaning of their parenthood in the adolescents revealed five units of sense: emotional ambivalence, paternity as a process of learning, changes in lifestyle, making a life project and support networks. Teenage fatherhood was interpreted by the participants as a positive change and assumed a patriarchal perspective.

Zephaniah Kingsley Jr. and the Atlantic World: Slave Trader, Plantation Owner, Emancipator

Zephaniah Kingsley Jr. (1765–1843) made his fortune through slavery, over a long life that saw much of the Atlantic World during turbulent times. His father’s mercantile pursuits carried young Kingsley from Bristol, England, to Charleston, South Carolina, and then, because Zephaniah Kingsley Sr. was a loyalist émigré, to New Brunswick. When Kingsley struck out on his own in the early 1790s, he pursued the dangerous but lucrative coffee, sugar, and slave trades in the war-torn Caribbean, flying a series of neutral flags. In 1803, Kingsley moved to Spanish East Florida and transitioned into a planter. Now his nemeses were not privateers but the repeated filibustering expeditions launched from Georgia that sought control of East Florida and its annexation to the United States, typically settling for plunder.Perhaps the biggest conflict that Kingsley had to navigate was the transfer of Florida from Spain to the United States in 1821. Like many other Florida planters, Kingsley had a mixed-race family, having taken a slave wife who, along with their children, he had freed, as well as other mistresses, offspring, and favored bondsmen. As elsewhere in Caribbean slave societies, Spanish Florida had an established free black caste. When the legislature of the new US territory set about imposing the two-caste model of the Old South, black slave and free white, Kingsley authored A Treatise on the Patriarchal, or Co-operative System of Society (1828), arguing that a free black caste aligned with white slaveholders safeguarded slave society. When the legislature criminalized interracial unions, Kingsley wrote a protest to Congress, signed by several other planters, arguing for multiculturalism in matters of domestic life.Once it became clear that slave society as he preferred it was doomed in Florida, Kingsley acquired lands in Haiti and moved his extended family there. For laborers in a country that had ended slavery, Kingsley freed a number of his Florida slaves on the condition that they enter into indentures to serve him in Haiti. He published an appeal to the free blacks of the United States to emigrate to the Kingsley settlement in Haiti. Kingsley continued to own land and slaves in Florida, generating funds for his Haitian enterprise. A man on the move to the end, he died in New York City in 1843.As Daniel L. Schafer explains, Kingsley focused his life on gaining a fortune and then, as a patriarch, on providing for the security of his extended family. Owning, trading, and working enslaved people were his means of doing so. In 1842, the abolitionist Lydia Maria Child sought out Kingsley as he passed through New York City. That Kingsley had an African wife, supported the free black community, and admitted that slavery was exploitative, but was no abolitionist, flummoxed Child. From his patriarchal perspective, Kingsley saw consistency in his life’s course.Because Kingsley traveled to so much of the Atlantic World, so too has his biographer. This book is the product of prodigious research in archives in England, Scotland, Canada, Denmark, Spain, the Dominican Republic, and the United States. There’s no main collection of Kingsley papers, but Schafer has found a multitude of records of him, including such especially rich documents as a melancholic letter Kingsley wrote from Liverpool in 1805, bemoaning that he had not yet achieved financial independence, just before sailing to Mozambique for slaves; and Kingsley’s claim against the United States following the “Patriot War” filibuster of 1812, detailing the African places of origin and the family relations among the slaves he had lost to the invaders.This biography of Kingsley complements the author’s previous study of Kingsley’s wife, Anna Madgigine Jai Kingsley. Adding Daniel W. Stowell’s recent anthology of Kingsley’s writings (Balancing Evils Judiciously, 2000) and Mark J. Fleszar’s study of Kingsley’s Haitian scheme (Journal of the Civil War Era, December 2014), we have a Kingsley historiographical boom. It is easy to see why Kingsley is attracting so much attention. His life addresses many topics of current interest to historians of slavery: the Tannenbaum thesis, African ethnicity in slave communities, and the transformation of patriarchy into paternalism, to name but a few. Schafer’s Zephaniah Kingsley Jr. and the Atlantic World is a skillful biography of broad relevance.

The Plausibility of Universal Health Care in the United States

Though the United States is one of the wealthiest nations in the world, the disparities in income are only surpassed by the inequalities in access to health care. Because of the close tie between the health care crisis and the fiscal health of the country as a whole, proposals have been made to introduce universal health care, to adapt existing systems and to support efforts, including what has been deemed “ObamaCare” to move towards greater accountability in obtaining and maintaining health insurance for the millions of uninsured and underinsured. Though most countries in the developed world perceive health care as a basic human right, the United States has yet to determine a way of creating and funding a single-payer universal health care system that will address the inequalities that exist and provide a better option for preventative medicine, interventive medicine, and long-term care.One of the central problems for this country is that our political process is divided ideologically and health care paradigms do not appear to address issues on both sides. While there is support for a national health program that would ensure access to the working poor, fiscal conservatives view this as a system that cannot be afforded and that would expand debt in an uncontrollable manner. In fact, there is a clear division between the patriarchal perspectives of the democrats and the growing Tea Party call for personal responsibility.The following study considers the issue of health care in this country, including the current level of expenditure, the lack of access, comparable international efforts, and even state proposed changes that have shown some success in the implementation of universal health care. This study will focus on the way in which innovation and governance have struggled to determine workable paradigms for health care reform. The focus on a single-payer or universal health care system has not led to successful legislative change, and so elements of both arguments will be considered when addressing the best methods for improving access to care and affordability. A proposed plan will be introduced that will consider the best options for improving the following: 1. Affordability; 2. Access to care; 3. Long-term viability; 4. State and federal cooperation; 5. Distribution of funding or services. The proposed plan will address these issues and present some plausible approaches.