Patients In General Hospital Research Articles

CHARACTERISTICS OF COGNITIVE STATUS OF EPILEPSY PATIENTS TREATED WITH MONOTHERAPY OF FIRST-GENERATION ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS

Epilepsy is one of the main health problems in neurology that can lead to cognitive decline. Generally, the epilepsy-associated cognitive decline is influenced by demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of cognitive status of epilepsy patients who received monotherapy using first-generation antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), namely phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproic acid. It involved 93 epilepsy patients of Mutiara Sukma Mental Hospital (n=38) and Mataram General Hospital (n=55). Besides, 93 healthy patients were assigned as healthy control group (HC) subjects (n=93). Demographic characteristics collected from epilepsy and HC groups were age, gender, and years of education. Clinical characteristics taken from both groups were MoCA-Ina score. Clinical characteristics taken from epilepsy group were age at epilepsy onset, type of seizure (partial vs generalized), etiology (idiopathic vs structural), first-generation AED used, years of treatment, and cognitive status. The result of the study revealed that there were no significant different between the two groups in the means of age and years of education as well as the frequency of male gender (p>0.05). The mean of MoCA-Ina score of epilepsy group was significantly lower compared with HC group (p<0.05). The frequency of cognitive decline among epilepsy patients was 75.3%. The cognitive functions of epilepsy patients using monotherapy with carbamazepine, phenytoin, or valproic acid was significantly lower compared with healthy subjects. We conclude that there was high prevalence of epilepsy-associated cognitive impairment which was associated with male gender.

Body Fat Parameters, Glucose and Lipid Profiles, and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Schizophrenia Patients with or without Metabolic Syndrome.

In this study, we aim to investigate associations between body fat parameters, glucose and lipid profiles, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroid hormones (THs) levels in Tomsk-region schizophrenia patients depending upon the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). A total of 156 psychiatric inpatients with schizophrenia who had been treated with antipsychotics for at least six months before entry were studied: 56 with and 100 without MetS. Reference groups consisted of general hospital inpatients with MetS and without schizophrenia (n = 35) and healthy individuals (n = 35). Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann–Whitney U-test, chi-square test, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, multiple regression analyses, and descriptive statistics. Patients with schizophrenia and MetS had significantly higher levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroxine (FT4) compared to schizophrenia patients without MetS (3.68 [3.25; 5.50] vs. 3.24 [2.81; 3.66], p = 0.0001, and 12.68 [10.73; 15.54] vs. 10.81 [9.76; 12.3], p = 0.0001, in pmol/L, respectively). FT3 maintained an association with MetS (p = 0.0001), sex (p = 0.0001), age (p = 0.022), and high-density lipoproteins (p = 0.033). FT4 maintained an association with MetS (p = 0.0001), sex (p = 0.001), age (p = 0.014), and glucose (p = 0.009). The data obtained showed body fat parameters, glucose and lipid profiles, and THs levels in Western-Siberian schizophrenia patients depending on MetS presence or absence.

Level of glycemic control and its associated factors among type II diabetic patients in debre tabor general hospital, northwest Ethiopia

IntroductionPoor glycemic control is the major risk factor for the development of acute and chronic diabetes complications. There are limited studies on the level of glycemic control and its associated factors among diabetic patients. So, this study aimed to assess the level of glycemic control and its associated factors among type II DM patients in Debre Tabor General Hospital. MethodsAn institution based cross sectional study was conducted from November 1–30, 2017. Totally, 413 diabetic patients selected by systematic random sampling. The three months average fasting blood glucose was used to determine glycemic control. Regressions were fitted to identify associated factors. A p-value <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. ResultA total of 398 study participants were participated in the study with a response rate of 96.4%. Among 398 type II DM patients, 284 (71.4%) had poor glycemic control. Patient’s educational status (able to read and write; AOR = 3.0, 95%CI (1.5, 5.7), (primary education; AOR = 4.5, 95%CI (1.8, 10.9), and (secondary education; AOR = 5.7, 95% CI (2.9, 11.2)))), family history of DM (AOR = 2.3, 95%CI (1.4, 3.9)), duration of DM since diagnosis (AOR = 0.3, 95% CI (0.1, 0.9)), and dietary adherence (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI (1.4, 4.1)) were associated factors to had good glycemic control. ConclusionPoor glycemic control was high. Educational status, family history of DM, duration of DM, and dietary adherence were the associated factors of glycemic control. Appropriate attention shall be given for glycemic control especially for patients with a longer duration. Health promotion related to medical recommendations is a cross-cutting intervention for diabetic patients and should be provided for all type II diabetic patients.

Does health service utilisation mediate the effect of disability on psychological distress: Evidence from a national representative survey in Australia

ABSTRACT Little was known about the role of health service utilisation on psychological distress. Using a national representative survey data in Australia, we aimed to quantify the role of disability status, types of disability, and severity of disability in their respective relationship to psychological distress in adults, and further explore the mediating effect of health service use on the disability-distress association. Data were derived from the 2015 Australian National Health Survey. Five individual actions taken for health were measured respectively, in terms of number of annual visits to general practitioner, specialist, outpatient clinic, hospital inpatient, and psychologist services. Disability was significantly associated with high psychological distress (OR = 4.46). Substantial increase in risk of high psychological distress was observed in people with psychological disability, head injury, stroke or brain damage, and intellectual disability (OR = 26.34, 18.26, 7.62). For the mediating effect of different health service use, GP services demonstrated the greatest decrease of the effect of disability on high psychological distress. GPs in the primary healthcare setting rather than psychological professionals hold a more important place to deal with the disabling and/or secondary clinical conditions as ‘potential stressors’. Early screening provided by GPs for mental disorders are essential and integrated therapy will be beneficial.

MUTU PELAYANAN PETUGAS REKAM MEDIS TERHADAP TINGKAT KEPUASAN PASIEN BPJS RAWAT JALAN DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM IPI MEDAN TAHUN 2019

Quality of service is the overall characteristics of the service that shows its ability to satisfy the needs of consumers, and the Health BPJS is a legal entity formed to carry out a health insurance program, and patient satisfaction is the level of patient feelings that arise as a result of the performance of health services obtained after the patient compares it with what he hoped for. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of medical record officer services to the level of satisfaction of outpatient BPJS patients in General Hospital. IPI Medan 2018. This research uses Analytical research design. The independent variable is BPJS Health service quality and the dependent variable is patient satisfaction. Samples taken using the Slovin Formula found 33 patients in the Outpatient Installation at the General Hospital. IPI. Medan in 2018. The research instrument used a questionnaire. The results showed that 28 respondents (84.8%) stated that the quality of BPJS Health services was good, and 32% of respondents (97.0%) expressed satisfaction with BPJS Health services. Chi Square statistical test results state there is a relationship between the quality of BPJS Health services with patient satisfaction Outpatient Installation at the General Hospital. IPI. Medan Year 2018 (pValue = 0,000). The implication of the results of the study shows that the quality of BPJS Health services has an important role in influencing patient satisfaction.

Long term impact of bariatric surgery in severely obese patients in a district general hospital

Long term impact of bariatric surgery in severely obese patients in a district general hospital

Prevalence of natural and acquired antibodies to amustaline/glutathione pathogen reduced red blood cells.

The INTERCEPT™ Blood System for Red Blood Cells (RBCs) utilizes amustaline (S-303) and glutathione (GSH) to inactivate pathogens and leukocytes in transfused RBCs. Treatment-emergent low titer non-hemolytic antibodies to amustaline/GSH RBC were detected in clinical trials using a prior version of the process. The amustaline/GSH process was re-formulated to decrease S-303 RBC adduct formation. A standard three-cell antibody screening panel was modified to include reagent red cells (RRC) with high (S-303H) or low (S-303L) S-303 adduct density as assessed by flow cytometry, representative of the original and current amustaline/GSH treatment processes, respectively. General hospital and RBC transfusion-dependent patients never exposed, and clinical trial subjects exposed to amustaline/GSH RBC were screened for antibodies to amustaline/GSH RBC using a standardized agglutination assay. Twelve (0.1%) of 10,721 general hospital and 5 (0.5%) of 998 repeatedly-transfused patients not previously exposed to amustaline/GSH RBCs expressed natural, low titer (2-32) IgM and/or IgG (non-IgG1 or IgG3 isotype) antibodies with acridine (a structural element of amustaline) (n = 14) or non-acridine (n = 3) specificity. 11 of 17 sera reacted with S-303L panel RRCs. In clinical studies 81 thalassemia and 25 cardiac surgery patients were transfused with a total of 1085 amustaline/GSH RBCs and no natural or treatment-emergent S-303 antibodies were detected. Standardized RRC screening panels are sensitive for the detection of natural and acquired S-303-specific antibodies. Natural low titer antibodies to amustaline/GSH RBC are present in 0.15% of naïve patients. The clinical relevance of these antibodies appears minimal but is under further investigation.

The relationship between demoralization and depressive symptoms among patients from the general hospital: network and exploratory graph analysis

IntroductionDepression and demoralization are highly prevalent among individuals with physical illnesses but their relationship is still unclear. ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between clinical features of depression and demoralization with the network approach to psychopathology. MethodsParticipants were recruited from the medical wards of a University Hospital in Italy. The Demoralization Scale (DS) was used to assess demoralization, while the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to assess depressive symptoms. The structure of the depression-demoralization symptom network was examined and complemented by the analysis of topological overlap and Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) to identify the most relevant groupings (communities) of symptoms and their connections. The stability of network models was estimated with bootstrap procedures and results were compared with factor analysis. ResultsLife feeling pointless, low mood/discouragement, hopelessness and feeling trapped were among the most central features of the network. EGA identified four communities: (1) Neurovegetative Depression, (2) Loss of purpose, (3) Frustrated Isolation and (4) Low mood and morale. Loss of purpose and low mood/morale were largely connected with other communities through anhedonia, hopelessness and items related to isolation and lack of emotional control. Results from EGA displayed good stability and were comparable to those from factor analysis. LimitationsCross-sectional design; sample heterogeneity ConclusionsAmong general hospital inpatients, features of depression and demoralization are independent, with the exception of low mood and self-reproach. The identification of symptom groupings around entrapment and helplessness may provide a basis for a dimensional characterization of depressed/demoralized patients, with possible implications for treatment.

Synergistic Effect of Some Natural Substances in Combination with Antibiotics on MDR Klebsiella isolates

This study included the collection of 210 samples of Mid-stream urine samples of the patients who were confirmed to be infected with UTI by conducting a general urine examination and the patients of AL Amriya General Hospital, Ramadi Teaching Hospital and Fallujah Teaching Hospital for the period between 2017 and January 2018.&nbsp;&nbsp;The results of the diagnosis showed a seven isolations of 17.5% of the total of 40 bacterial isolates. These isolations were diagnosed in aerobic conditions according to the microscopic examination and Culture characteristics on blood agar base and MacConkey agar as well as the biochemical tests, Diagnosis was confirmed using the modern diagnostic system VITEK2. The synergistic activity of the natural substances used (sesame oil, olive oil, and royal Jelly) was studied against Klebsiella isolates by interfering with some of the antibiotics by disk diffusion method (Gentamicin, Amikacin, Ceftriaxone, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazol, Nitrofurantoin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Ciprofloxacin), and the synergic efficacy of natural materials was studied by adding 10 ul of sterile pasteurized natural substance directly to the antibiotic disk separately. The results showed increased efficacy of some antibiotics, especially Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid. so it can be concluded that sesame oil and royal Jelly have synergistic effectiveness in increasing the effectiveness of some antibiotics against Klebsiella.

Impact of posttraumatic growth on the quality of life in woman with breast cancer

Cancer is an abnormal cell condition that can grow faster than usual condition which makes it difficult to control. Posttraumatic Growth is a reactive psychopathological response to traumatic events. Someone who has been diagnosed with breast cancer will experience physical, psychological, and social change as well as difficulties in both sexual and daily activities. This situation is going to be affect the quality of life of patients. This study aims to look at the relationship of posttraumatic growth and the quality of life of breast cancer patients in Makassar general hospital (RSUD). This research was quantitative research with an observational analytic approach and cross-sectional study design. The research site was in RSUD Makassar. The sampling technique used was a total sampling technique in which 34 respondents were selected. The Chi-Square test results confirmed that there were significant influences of factors such as social relationship new opportunities internal strength spiritual development the expected life value and posttraumatic growth on the quality of life of patients with Ca. Mammae. Therefore, for further research in the similar scope, it is expected for future researchers to conduct research in diverse cultural settings or by adding other psychological perspectives to be discussed in the research.

The Relationship of Marketing Mix With Patient Loyalty At Inpatient Unit Of Undata General Hospital

Hospital is an individual health care institution plenary, bused on continuous improvement in service quality and active marketing management. The marketing mix consists of 7P namely product, price, place, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence. The (RSUD) Undata Central Sulawesi Province is a referral hospital where the number of general patient visits in the inpatient unit has decreased over the past 3 years, indicating a decrease in patient loyalty. This study aims to determine the relationship of marketing mix with patient loyalty in the inpatient unit of the regional general hospital (RSUD) Undata Central Sulawesi Province. The research method used is quantitative with a cross sectional approach. The population is all inpatients of the undata general hospital which number 1.255 sampling technique was proportional stratified sampling. Data analysis used in this study is univariate and bivariate analysis with a value of p≤0,05. The results show that there is a marketing mix relationship product (p=0,000), price (p=0,002), place (p=0,001), promotion (p=0,000), people (p=0,000), process (p=0,000), and physical evidence (p=0,018) with patient loyalty in the inpatient unit of the regional general hospital undata in palu. It is expected that the (RSUD) Undata Palu will further improve the quality of its marketing mix in SDM professionalisme, service speed, physical quality, and hospital equipment.

The development of pathways for responding to patient complexity in a liaison psychiatry setting.

The aims were to develop and operationalise a method of identifying patients at increased risk of adverse outcomes due to clinical and systems complexity within consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP), and to formalise escalation processes for enhanced input with targeted clinical and organisational support. The literature pertaining to methods for identifying and responding to complexity in general hospital settings was reviewed. An Escalation Tool operationalising the identification of complexity and response pathways was devised and tested. Feedback on the face validity and utility guided refinement. Two established tools that assess complexity, INTERMED and the Patient-Centred Accreditation method (PCAM) and a novel 'episode complexity' screening method, were identified and informed the development of a tool for identifying and responding to complexity, which was then piloted. The tool was deemed useful, notwithstanding variability in scoring. The Escalation Tool combined elements of existing measures to identify complexity in general hospital inpatients and guide pathways for action. It was well received and considered feasible for implementation, with local adaptation according to available resources.

Characterization of neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant influenza virus isolates from immunocompromised patients in the Republic of Korea

BackgroundThe emergence of influenza viruses resistant to anti-influenza drugs is a threat to global public health. The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention operates the Korea Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Surveillance System (KINRESS) to monitor epidemics of influenza and Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) to identify mutated influenza viruses affecting drug resistance, pathogenesis, and transmission.MethodsOropharyngeal swab samples were collected from KINRESS and SARI during the 2018–2019 season. The specimens confirmed influenza virus using real-time RT-PCR on inoculated MDCK cells. HA and NA sequences of the influenza viruses were analyzed for phylogeny and mutations. Neuraminidase inhibition and hemagglutination inhibition assays were utilized to characterize the isolates.ResultsTwo A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates harboring an H275Y substitution in the neuraminidase sequence were detected in patients with acute hematologic cancer. They had prolonged respiratory symptoms, with the virus present in the respiratory tract despite oseltamivir and peramivir treatment. Through the neuraminidase inhibition assay, both viruses were found to be resistant to oseltamivir and peramivir, but not to zanamivir. Although hemagglutinin and neuraminidase phylogenetic analyses suggested that the 2 A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates were not identical, their antigenicity was similar to that of the 2018–19 influenza vaccine virus.ConclusionsOur data indicate the utility of monitoring influenza-infected immunocompromised patients in general hospitals for the early detection of emerging neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant viruses and maintaining continuous laboratory surveillance of patients with influenza-like illness in sentinel clinics to monitor the spread of such new variants. Finally, characterization of the virus can inform the risk assessment for future epidemics and pandemics caused by drug-resistant influenza viruses.

Proactive Integrated Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry: A new service model for the psychiatric care of general hospital inpatients

ObjectiveTo describe a new service model for the psychiatric care of general hospital inpatients, called Proactive Integrated Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry (‘Proactive Integrated Psychological Medicine’ in the UK). MethodThe new service model was developed especially for general hospital inpatient populations with multimorbidity, such as older medical inpatients. Its design was informed by the published literature and the clinical experience of C-L psychiatrists. It was operationalized by a process of iterative piloting. ResultsThe rationale for the new model and the principles underpinning it are outlined. Details of how to implement it, including a service manual and associated workbook, are provided. The training of clinicians to deliver it is described. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this new service model is being evaluated. Whilst we have found it feasible to deliver and well-accepted by ward teams, potential challenges to its wider implementation are discussed. ConclusionProactive Integrated Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry (PICLP) is a fusion of proactive consultation and integrated care, operationalized in a field-tested service manual. Initial experience indicates that it is feasible to deliver. Its effectiveness and cost effectiveness for older patients on acute medical wards is currently being evaluated in a large multicentre randomized controlled trial (The HOME Study).

Adult patient perspectives on receiving hospital discharge letters: a corpus analysis of patient interviews

BackgroundUK government guidelines and initiatives emphasise equity in delivery of care, shared decision-making, and patient-centred care. This includes sharing information with patients as partners in health decisions and empowering them to manage their health effectively. In the UK, general practitioners (GPs) routinely receive hospital discharge letters; while patients receiving copies of such letters is seen as “good practice” and recommended, it is not standardised. The effects and consequences of whether or not this happens remains unclear. The aim of this study (one of three forming the Discharge Communication Study) was to explore patient perspectives on receiving discharge letters and their views on how this could be improved in order to optimise patient experience and outcomes.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with a diverse sample of 50 patients recruited from 17 GP surgeries within the West Midlands, UK. All participants were adults with a recent episode of general hospital inpatient or outpatient care. Data were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using mixed methods corpus linguistics techniques.ResultsParticipants reported inconsistent access to discharge letters. Most wanted to receive a copy of their discharge letter although some expressed reservations. Perceived benefits included: increased understanding of their condition and treatment, reduced anxiety, and increased satisfaction. Consequences where participants had not received letters included: letter inaccuracies being overlooked, missed follow up actions, failure to fully remember diagnosis, treatment, or self-management or recommendations, and confusion and anxiety at what occurred and what will happen next. Participants felt the usefulness of receiving copies of letters could be increased by: including a patient information section, avoidance of acronyms, and jargon or technical terms explained with lay language.ConclusionsMost patients value receiving copies of hospital discharge letters, and should be consistently offered them. Patients’ preferences for letter receipt could be logged in their health records. To enable positive outcomes letters should have a clear and accessible format that reflects the priorities and information needs of patients. Patients appear not to be receiving or being offered copies of letters consistently despite UK policies and guidelines supporting this practice; this suggests a need for greater standardisation of practice.

Laparostomy and temporary abdominal closure outcomes in emergency non-trauma surgery and parameters affecting early definite primary fascial closure.

The open abdomen or laparostomy is a great advance of surgery based on the concept of damage control surgery. Aim of the study is to review the laparostomy outcomes of non-trauma emergency surgery patients in a district general hospital and identify parameters affecting early definite primary fascial closure. The records of all non-trauma emergency surgical patients who underwent laparostomy in a three-year period in a single institute were studied retrospectively. Outcomes included length of stay, morbidity, mortality, readmission rates, number of re-look operations, rate of definite primary fascial closure and time to closure. Thirty-two patients were included. Morbidity was 84.4% and mortality rates were 21.9% (in-hospital), 18.8% (30-day) and 46.9% (overall). Median length of hospital stay was 22 days. Rate of primary fascial closure was 87.5% and median time to closure was two days. The number of relook operations was the only independent prognostic factor of definite early primary fascial closure, with higher rates of closure in patients with 1-2 relooks. Although the open abdomen has been demonstrated to improve survival, the precise role in abdominal sepsis has not been elucidated. Current consensus does not support use of open abdomen routinely, however in selected situations it becomes unavoidable. Laparostomy is a valid option in non-trauma emergency surgery and can be managed safely in a district hospital. High closure rates can be achieved if one or two re-look operations are performed with an early attempt for closure.

“The Management of Scabies Infection among the Outdoor Patients of BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh”

“The Management of Scabies Infection among the Outdoor Patients of BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh”

Clinical analysis of kidney injury in patients with COVID-19

Objective: To investigate the relationship between novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) and kidney injury. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on confirmed COVID-19 patients in the Central Theater Command General Hospital of Chinese PLA on March 12, 2020. A total of 87 hospitalized confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolled in the study, and they were hospitalized for at least one week. The recorded information included clinical data and indicators of kidney-related laboratory tests. Results: The average age of patients was (65.2±17.1) years, and 34.5% (30/87) patients were ≥ 75 years old and 31.0% (27/87) patients were 60-74 years old. Male and female patients accounted for 59.8% (52/87) and 40.2% (35/87), respectively. There were 29.9% (26/87) and 12.6% (11/87) patients who had already showed mild elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) at admission. Moreover, 25.3% (22/87) and 4.6% (4/87) patients still exhibited mild elevation of BUN and SCr one week after admission. However, 28.7% (25/87) patients showed an elevation of BUN one week later after admission, though their BUN levels were normal at admission. Likewise, 16.1% (14/87) patients showed an elevation of SCr one week later after admission, while their SCr levels were normal at admission. Only two patients had an increase of SCr ≥26.5 μmol/L, and both of them were over 75 years old. Conclusions: COVID-19 patients with severe acute kidney injury are uncommon. However, attention should be paid to acute kidney injury of the elderly patients in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.

Off‐label quetiapine prescribing in general hospital inpatients: an Australian experience

AbstractBackgroundQuetiapine is frequently prescribed off‐label in the community but little is known about the initiation and use of quetiapine in general (non‐psychiatry) hospital settings.AimThis study examined the extent of off‐label quetiapine prescribing and rates of initiation of quetiapine in a general inpatient population of an Australian inner city teaching hospital, as well as the frequency of communication with community prescribers following discharge.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted of all patients admitted under all non‐psychiatric teams and prescribed quetiapine within a tertiary teaching hospital between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2016. All quetiapine prescribing information was extracted from an electronic medication management system (EMMS) and medical records were reviewed for a random sample of 100 patients prescribed quetiapine.ResultsEMMS data indicated that 793 people were prescribed quetiapine over the study period. Quetiapine was most frequently prescribed once daily, with a median daily dose of 100 mg (interquartile range 37.5–200 mg). Eighty‐seven of the 100 medical records reviewed had corresponding discharge summaries, and potentially off‐label quetiapine prescribing was found in 48 people (55%); the most frequent off‐label indication was for agitation or delirium. Of the 33 people who had quetiapine initiated in hospital, 26 prescriptions (79%) were for off‐label indications. Of the 11 prescriptions (33%) continued at discharge, only three (27%) discharge summaries contained instructions to community prescribers regarding quetiapine.ConclusionOff‐label prescribing of quetiapine was common in this sample of inpatients, and senior hospital staff should remain cautious of quetiapine prescribing for indications where the evidence of harms and benefits remains unclear. Communication with community prescribers could also be improved to reduce the risk of conversion from intended short‐term off‐label use to longer‐term use.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TERAPI MUSIK TERHADAP PENURUNAN INTENSITAS NYERI PADA PASIEN POST SECTIO CAESAREA

The World Health Organization (WHO) sets the average standard of sectio caesarean delivery in a country to be around 5-15 percent per 1000 births in the world.In Indonesia, the results of Basic Health Research in 2013 showed births with a caesarean section of 9.8% out of a total of 49,603 births from 2010 to 2013. Nursing problems that often arise in cases of post sectio caesarea are pain caused by trauma to the tissue due to tissue damage and direct irritation to the receptors. The nurse's independent action to control the pain felt by the patient is to do pain management with non-pharmacological techniques, namely music therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of music therapy on pain intensity reduction in post sectio caesarea patients. This study used a quasi-experimental design method with a non equivalent control group design. The sampling technique uses accidental sampling technique with a total sample of 32 respondents, 16 experimental groups and 16 control groups. This study used the Wilcoxon non-parametric test. The results of this study indicate the P-value (0.001) &lt;α (0.05). The conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of music therapy on the decrease in pain intensity in post-sectio caesarea patients in the hybrid room Sembiring General Hospital.