Patients In General Hospital Research Articles

Efficacy of combined glucocorticoid and hyperbaric oxygen therapy against delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning, and its effect on expression of immune-associated cytokines

Purpose : To study the efficacy of glucocorticoid combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP), and its effect on the expression of immune-associated cytokines. Methods : A total of 102 DEACMP patients in PLA General Hospital, Haidian, China were divided into two groups of 51 patients each, namely, observation group (glucocorticoid + hyperbaric oxygen therapy), and control group (hyperbaric oxygen only). The clinical data for each group was retrospectively analyzed. Clinical efficacy, improvement time, hospitalization time, cognitive function, activities associated with daily living, changes in immunity-associated cytokines, and incidence of adverse reactions were compared for the two groups. Results : Following treatment, the time taken for improvement, duration of hospitalization, cognitive function, daily living activity and total effectiveness in the observation group were significantly higher than those for the control group (p 0.05). Conclusion : These results suggest that a combination therapy of glucocorticoid and hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of DEACMP is more eutherapeutic in the improvement of cognitive function and activities of daily living in DEACMP patients than hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The mechanism of this combination therapy may be related to the improvement in immunity-related cytokine levels. Keywords : Glucocorticoid, Hyperbaric oxygen, Delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning, Efficacy, Immunity

Preventing unnecessary blood tests in general surgery patients in a district general hospital: A closed loop audit

Preventing unnecessary blood tests in general surgery patients in a district general hospital: A closed loop audit

Epidemiological and clinical study of leishmaniasis in Kirkuk city, Iraq

leishmaniasis is a disease of global concern, Leishmania types and distribution rates vary from country to another. For visceral leishmaniasis serum samples were examined by the kala-azar dipstick rapid test. Meanwhile smears were taken from lesions, air dried, fixed and Leishman stained then microscopically examined for amstigote stage in cutaneous leishmaniasis. From April 2014 to April 2015, 150 samples for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and 108 serum sample for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) from in and out patients in Pediatric, Azadi Teaching and Kirkuk General Hospitals were examined. The incidence of visceral leishmaniasis was very low (2.7%) comparing to that in cutaneous leishmaniasis (64.6%). No significant differences had appeared between the cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence in male or female. The most age group infected with cutaneous leishmaniasis in both genders was 5 ≤ years old, with rate of 26.1% in male and a rate of 15.8% in female. Significantly high frequency of the patients were presented with only one or two lesions with rate of 39.17, 25.7 % for each type of lesions respectively. The most location that infected with CL was hand (27.7%) and high rate of them being moist type (71.13%). In Kirkuk city CL is more prevalent than VL. High rate of CL is moist type locating in the limbs and face. The infection is more frequent in children than in adult. For CL a smear taken from the lesion is much worthy than a lesion blood sample or re aspirated saline injected to the lesion.

Assessment of Nutritional Supplements Prescribed in Pregnant Women and Pediatric Patients in Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital

Rational use of nutritional supplements is extremely important for better survival of the patient, especially in children where poor nutritional status will cause many co-morbid conditions with an increased risk of death. About 35% of under-five space deaths in the world are associated with malnutrition. Nutrition also place a major role in maternal health poor maternal nutritional status has been related to adverse birth outcomes [1]. The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional supplements prescribed in pregnant women and pediatric patients. A six month hospital based prospective observational study was carried out in the department of pediatric and gynecology at BTGH, Gulbarga. The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional supplements prescribed in pregnant women and pediatric patients at the respective departments. The data was collected in a specially designed data collection form, from the case sheet of inpatient of pediatric department and outpatient of gynecology department enrolled into the study [2]. The study result shows that out of 75 patients in pediatric department, 41 (54.66%) were females and 34(45.33%) were males, malnutrition is more prevalent in toddlers (1-5 years) i.e. 48 patients (64%) when compared to neonates (up to 1 month) 02(2.66%), infants (1month-1year) 20(26.66%), children (5-14years), 5(6.66%).the educational status of their parents 27(36.00%) were grade 0 followed by 19(25.33%) were belonged to grade 1,6(8%) belonged to grade 2,11(14.66%) belonged to grade 3 and 10(13,33%) belonged to grade 4. Out of 75 patients grade 2 PEM 33(44%) is more when compared to grade 1 PEM 7(9.33%), grade 3 PEM 19(25.33%) and grade 4 PEM 16(21.33%). 57 patients were improved 14 patient were discharged under request, 4 patient were referred and 00 deaths are reported [3]. The majority of supplements were administered orally (75%) followed by parenteral route 25% various types of nutrients are prescribed in pediatrics majority including multi vitamin, elemental iron +folic acid, vit A, vit C, zinc acetate, calcium carbonate+vitD3, electrolytes. the majority of prescription were with brand name (73.33%) followed by generic name (26.66%) among the associated co-morbidity conditions with malnutrition bronchopneumonia (13.33%) followed by severe anemia (10.66%), nutritional anemia (12%), acute gastroenteritis (9.33%),pulmonary TB (6.66%) and others [4]. [Table 1-5] Out of 100 pregnant women 50(25%) are of second trimester, 25(25%) are of first trimester, 25(25%) are of third trimester the majority of prescription were with brand name (72%) followed by generic name (28%). Majority of the supplements were administered orally (90%) when compared to parenteral administration (10%). The nutrients prescribed for pregnant women include T.doxinate plus for 47 patients, T.livogen Z (68 patients), T.mecalvit (65 patients), T.orofer XT (19 patients), cap. Becosule (23 patients), protein powder (25 patients), T.folvite (7 patients) [5]. [Table 6-9] The economic and literacy status of the households are the main factors causing nutritional imbalances in children. The number of cases reported concluded the shortage of nutrients to this region and unawareness in pregnant women [6].

Effect of Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction Patients in General Hospitals of Makassar City Region

Quality of service and patient satisfaction have a very close relationship. Quality hospital services will provide patients with satisfaction and be the beginning of building a strong relationship for a long period of time. The quality of service in supporting the implementation of the procedure has not been applied maximally. One of them is the lack of professionalism in providing services and information facilities that are still considered inadequate. This study aims to examine and determine the effect of service quality on patient satisfaction in RSUD Daya Makassar Data collection techniques that the authors use is an analytical survey with descriptive analysis approach verificative. Data analysis method using likert scale and sampling using non probability sampling. The population of this research is inpatient in RSUD Daya Makassar with method of determination of sample by using slovin method. Service Quality at Makassar General Hospital of all indicators, research results show the quality of service procedures at RSUD Daya Makassar with good quality. So this shows that tangible, reliability, and assurance variables affect patient satisfaction and empathy variables and responsiveness does not affect the patient satisfaction. Although tangible, reliability, and assurance variables have an effect on patient satisfaction, the Makassar General Public Hospital must maintain or even improve these three variables and for emphaty and responsiveness variables that have no effect on patient satisfaction, the RSUD Daya tries to pay attention to the short comings by looking at how employees pay attention to patients or see how to respond to a patient’s wants or needs

The value of neuroimaging team meetings for patients in a district general hospital

Neuroradiologists provide quality-assured neuroimaging ­reports. We developed the use of a neuroimaging team meeting to provide second-opinion reporting by neuroradiologists on neuroimaging that had previously been reported by general ­radiologists. Neuroimaging from selected patients was reviewed at the meeting. Where there were discrepancies between an original report from a general radiologist and the report obtained from the meeting involving a neuroradiologist, we classified the discrepancies, recorded the scan modality ­involved and used the data to assess temporal trends in discrepancy rates. Over 4 years, 562 patients (312 women, 250 men, mean age 50.6 [SD 17.3] years) were studied. Agreement occurred for 396 (70.5%) patients. Discrepancies that were not clinically important occurred for 60 (10.7%) patients. Clinically important discrepancies were found for 106 (18.9%) patients: missed lesions for 47 (8.3%) patients and misinterpretations for 59 (10.5%) patients. Cerebrovascular disease was the most common reason for a recommendation of neuroimaging review at a meeting. Scan modality did not influence the frequency of discrepancies. Discrepancy rates decreased with time (chi-squared test for linear trend p=0.015), while the frequency of neuroradiologists’ recommendations for new investigations was stable at one in seven patients. Neuroimaging team meetings can facilitate improvements in neurology diagnoses.

A study on the relationship between quality care services and patient needs of large general hospital outpatient

Objective To investigate the construction of outpatient quality care services and the needs of patient for outpatient service, and to explore the relevance of the two projects. Methods A total of 152 cases of outpatient department registered nurse of Beijing Union Hospital and 281 cases of hospitalized patients on May, 2017 were selected, and then developed the Content Questionnaire on Quality Nursing Work of Outpatient Nurse and the Questionnaire on Outpatient Needs Status to carry out investigation. Results This kind of hospital patients with college or university in 216 cases (76.9%, 216/281), personal monthly income of 5.0-10.0 thousand accounted for 44.8%(126/281); outpatient nurses aged ≥46 in 83 cases (54.6%, 83/152), the working time≥20 years in 120 cases (78.9%, 120/152), college degree or above in 137 cases (90.1%, 137/152), 97 nurses(63.8%, 97/152) in charge. The clinic nursing work relates to the rate of above 85% for disease treatment and consultation, health education, guidance service, self-service system services, on-site inspection, consulting room environment, and the cost of nurses working hours and the most frequent content for the on-site inspection and diagnosis of diseases, counseling, health education, medical order service. The order of patients′ needs from high to low was disease and consultation, health education, guidance service, order service, on-site inspection, self-service system, registration service, waiting environment and consulting room environment. There was no correlation between the patient's needs and the rate of nursing, the length of work, and the frequency of work (P>0.05).There were significant differences in the demand for health education on each department (F=3.047, P 0.05). The outpatient quality care services had lower improved demand (≤ 26%), and the first six item that needed to improve are disease and medical consultation, self-service system, treatment order service, waiting environment, health education, guidance services. Conclusions In view of the characteristics of outpatient medical staff and patients in large general hospitals, we will improve the quality of outpatient service and meet the needs of patient outpatient service, which will help to deepen the medical reform and improve the quality of medical service. Key words: Outpatient quality care services; Patient needs

Electronic Medical Record Reporting Enhances Proactive Psychiatric Consultation

Numerous studies have demonstrated that psychiatric and substance use issues in general hospital inpatients result in increased length of stay and associated costs. Additional studies have demonstrated that proactive consultation models in psychiatry can effectively address these problems. Selecting patients for proactive interventions is less well studied. We sought to develop an automated, electronic medical record-based screening tool to select patients who might benefit from proactive psychiatric consultation. An automated daily report was developed using information stored in electronic medical record and billing systems. Discrete data fields populating the report included diagnoses, orders, and nursing care plans. Over a 9-month period, the report identified 2177 patients (19% of the total nonpsychiatric adult admissions) as potentially benefitting from proactive psychiatric interventions. Of these, 367 were confirmed as likely to benefit from intervention; 139 (38%) were randomized to the proactive psychiatric consultation group. Of those patients randomized to "treatment as usual," a subset later required psychiatric consultation, which was requested an average of 4 days after the time they were flagged by the report. The use of an electronic medical record-based automated report is feasible to select patients for proactive psychiatric interventions on admission and throughout the hospital stay. Early identification of patients may decrease length of stay and improve patient outcomes.

S73. Cerebral blood flow and auto-regulation in acute TIA patients from a general hospital in Qatar

Introduction The Arabian Gulf region is rapidly developing, with major changes in lifestyle that can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including TIA and stroke. Stroke constitutes a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Qatar. Cerebral auto-regulation (AR) is an intrinsic protective mechanism guaranteeing hemodynamic integrity of cerebral circulation. It modulates cerebral blood flow (CBF) in order to meet regional perfusion demands despite variations in arterial blood pressure. Impaired cerebral AR is associated with poor functional and prognostic outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke. Our research investigated the feasibility of TCD study of cerebral AR as a biomarker for Stroke outcome inTIA patients in a large General Hospital in Qatar. Methods Fifty-eight patients (47 men, mean age, 49.7 yrs) with acute TIA and 66 patients (58 men, mean age 51.0) with small strokes (TIAs with tissue evidence of infarction) were enrolled between 2015 and 2017 for a total sample of 124. They were evaluated with bilateral, simultaneous TCD studies of their MCAs CBF within 72 h of the indexed event. In addition to the usual CBF parameters (mean/peak flow velocities), cerebrovascular reactivity (AR) to hypercapnia as measured by the Breath-Holding Index was calculated. On best medical therapy, the patients were followed up at one year for outcomes measures of death, stroke or recurrent TIAs in an attempt to correlate these TCD with poor stroke outcome. Results There was no significant difference for any of the TCD variables including BHI when comparing TIA patients to stroke mimics and patients with small strokes. These variables also failed to distinguish, thus far, acute TIA or small stroke patients from patients with death or a recurrent ischemic event at one year follow up (Statistically significant difference using independent samples t -test P -value Conclusion There was no significant difference for any of the TCD variables including BHI when comparing TIA patients compared to patients with a stroke mimics, or TIA patients and evidence of ischemic stroke on Neuro imaging. There was no significant difference for any US measures when comparing TIA patients and patients with and without a recurrent event at follow up. Though such studies are non-invasive in acute TIA patients continued follow up and larger sample sizes may be necessary to identify a functional or structural biomaker for poor strke outcome. This study was made possible by grant NPRP 6-565-3-141 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the author[s].

Physical deterioration in an acute mental health unit: A quantitative retrospective analysis of medical emergencies.

Nursing management of physical deterioration of patients within acute mental health settings is observed, recorded, and actively managed with the use of standardized Adult Deterioration Detection System (ADDS) charts. Patient deterioration may require the urgent assistance of a hospital rapid response or Medical Emergency Team. A five-and-a-half-year (2011-2016) audit of hospital-wide Medical Emergency Team attendances was conducted in an acute mental health unit of a single large 250 bed regional hospital in Victoria, Australia. Data were extracted from the hospitals' quality and patient safety program, RISKMan, and entered into a statistical data program for analysis. A total of 140 patient records were analysed, and the 'Worried' category (34%, n=47) was the principle reason for a Medical Emergency Team call in a mental health ward, followed by hypotension (23%, n=31) and a low Glasgow Coma Score (16%, n=22). Upon further investigation of the 'Worried' category, the most common conditions recorded were an altered conscious state (22%, n=9), low oxygen saturation (20%, n=8), or chest pain (17%, n=7). Activation of Medical Emergency Team calls predominantly occurred in the daylight morning hours (6am-12md). When data were compared to the general hospital patients, the context of the physiological deterioration of the mental health patients was strikingly similar. Further research is recommended to ascertain the extent and frequency with which staff working in mental health units are performing vital signs monitoring as an essential component of detection of early signs of physiological deterioration.

The prevalence of depression in general hospital inpatients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of interview-based studies.

Comorbid depression in the medically ill is clinically important. Admission to a general hospital offers an opportunity to identify and initiate treatment for depression. However, we first need to know how common depression is in general hospital inpatients. We aimed to address this question by systematically reviewing the relevant literature. We reviewed published prevalence studies in any language which had used diagnostic interviews of general hospital inpatients and met basic methodological quality criteria. We focussed on interview-based studies in order to estimate the proportion of patients with a diagnosis of depressive illness. Of 158 relevant articles, 65 (41%) describing 60 separate studies met our inclusion criteria. The 31 studies that focussed on general medical and surgical inpatients reported prevalence estimates ranging from 5% to 34%. There was substantial, highly statistically significant, heterogeneity between studies which was not materially explained by the covariates we were able to consider. The average of the reported prevalences was 12% (95% CI 10-15), with a 95% prediction interval of 4-32%. The remaining 29 studies, of a variety of specific clinical populations, are described. The available evidence suggests a likely prevalence high enough to make it worthwhile screening hospital inpatients for depression and initiating treatment where appropriate. Further, higher quality, research is needed to clarify the prevalence of depression in specific settings and to further explore the reasons for the observed heterogeneity in estimates.

THE PROVISON OF ORIENTATION TO THE ANXIETY LEVELS OF THE NEW PATIENT AT THE PONEK (OBGYN) GENERAL HOSPITAL JOMBANG

Introduction. Patients who first entered hospital usually has the anxiety because of hospital environment is different with their previous environment. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectof orientation to the level of anxiety in new patient in PONEK ward general hospital Jombang.Method. The type of this research was quasy experimental study with before and after with control design. The number of sample for the experimental group was 30 people control group was 30 subjects with quota sampling method. The independent variable in this study was the orientation and the dependent variable was patient’s anxiety. Research instrument used booklet. The data were processed and analyzed with the Wilcoxon sign rank test and mann whitney test, the alternative hypothesis was accepted if p<0,05.Result. Based on the analysis was of mann whitney test p- value of 0,000 is < α 0,05 this was conclude that there was an effect of new orientation to the level anxiety level of the new patients at the ponek ward general hospital jombang. Discussion. Health workers actively participate in providing orientation the new patients, therefore it can reduce the anxiety that occur when is admitted hospital and should be used as amandatory orientation program the new patient admission.Key word: providing orientation, level of anxiety, new patient.

A survey on 564 cases of inpatients with anxiety and depression in general hospitals in 2015

Objective: To understand the prevalence of anxiety and depression in medical patients in general hospitals and find out main influencing factors. Methods: According to the inclusion criteria, a total of 564 inpatients from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University were selected during January to June of 2015. Patients were assessed for anxiety and/or depression by use of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMAS) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMDS). Meanwhile, final diagnosis was made on the basis of diagnostic criteria listed in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Results: In different departments, the positive rate (HADS ≥ 8) was the highest in Department of Oncology (45.42%), and the lowest in Department of Gastroenterology (16.05%). After assessment with the help of HAMD and HAMA, the prevalence of anxiety/depression was the highest in Department of Oncology (46.43%), and the lowest in Department of Gastroenterology (16.05%). There was no statistical significance in diagnostic results acquired from HAMD and HAMA ( p = .071). Two types of diagnostic methods were highly consistent (κ = 0.852, p = .000). Inpatients aged from 40 to 59 years, with junior high school education or below, very tiring work, poor marital status (separated, divorced, widowed), unharmonious family, low personal income, completely self-paying and family history of anxiety and depression, currently unable to take care of themselves were more prone to anxiety and depression ( p < .05). Conclusions: The prevalence of anxiety and depression in medical patients in general hospitals is high due to many influencing factors. It is necessary to establish an effective diagnosis and treatment system for anxiety and depression, in order to make patients easy to receive an early and comprehensive treatment and improve their life quality.

A survey on 564 cases of inpatients with anxiety and depression in general hospitals in 2015

Objective: To understand the prevalence of anxiety and depression in medical patients in general hospitals and find out main influencing factors. Methods: According to the inclusion criteria, a total of 564 inpatients from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University were selected during January to June of 2015. Patients were assessed for anxiety and/or depression by use of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMAS) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMDS). Meanwhile, final diagnosis was made on the basis of diagnostic criteria listed in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Results: In different departments, the positive rate (HADS ≥ 8) was the highest in Department of Oncology (45.42%), and the lowest in Department of Gastroenterology (16.05%). After assessment with the help of HAMD and HAMA, the prevalence of anxiety/depression was the highest in Department of Oncology (46.43%), and the lowest in Department of Gastroenterology (16.05%). There was no statistical significance in diagnostic results acquired from HAMD and HAMA ( p = .071). Two types of diagnostic methods were highly consistent (κ = 0.852, p = .000). Inpatients aged from 40 to 59 years, with junior high school education or below, very tiring work, poor marital status (separated, divorced, widowed), unharmonious family, low personal income, completely self-paying and family history of anxiety and depression, currently unable to take care of themselves were more prone to anxiety and depression ( p < .05). Conclusions: The prevalence of anxiety and depression in medical patients in general hospitals is high due to many influencing factors. It is necessary to establish an effective diagnosis and treatment system for anxiety and depression, in order to make patients easy to receive an early and comprehensive treatment and improve their life quality.

Correlation of symptom depression levels with mean platelet volume rate on patients of acute coronary syndrome

Patients with Depression and the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is rarely detected, although in some studies say that depression can worsen cardiovascularly and increase mortality. From research, Canan F et al found that increasing levels of Mean platelet volume (MPV) as a risk factor for atherosclerosis and MPV was higher in patients with depression compared with patients without depression. In this study used observational methods of measurement of cross-sectional data. Research began in November 2015 - May 2016 against General Hospital inpatients H. Adam Malik Medan. There are 64 patients with a diagnosis of ACS were given quieter Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), then calculated a score of BDI patients and MPV levels were seen when they first entered the hospital before being given treatment. Patients answered quieter on days 3-7 after diagnosis ACS. ACS Patients were divided into 3 groups: acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation, acute myocardial infarction with non-ST elevation and unstable angina pectoris. The level of depression is grouped into not depression, mild depression, moderate depression and severe depression. Statistically significant with p-value<0.05Based on the linear correlation analysis, it was found a positive correlation with r=0.542. And the relationship is statistically significant with p-value 0.000003.

849 - A pilot experience in using a digital app to follow-up prostate cancer patients in a UK district general hospital

849 - A pilot experience in using a digital app to follow-up prostate cancer patients in a UK district general hospital

Ações de terapia ocupacional em saúde mental para pacientes internados em hospital geral impacto sobre o funcionamento ocupacional

Introdução: A Terapia Ocupacional (TO) em saúde mental favorece o cuidado ao paciente em situações de adversidade decorrentes da hospitalização. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da abordagem em TO sobre o funcionamento ocupacional especificamente nas dimensões de causalidade pessoal, valores, interesses, papéis, hábitos, habilidades e meio ambiente de pacientes internados em hospital geral provenientes de um serviço de interconsulta psiquiátrica. Método: Estudo longitudinal que avaliou o funcionamento ocupacional, antes e após a intervenção em TO, verificando o impacto sobre estratégias utilizadas para lidar com as dificuldades com a internação por, no mínimo, cinco sessões. Os dados foram obtidos dos registros do serviço e pela Autoavaliação do Funcionamento Ocupacional (SAOF). Resultados: As médias de todas as dimensões de funcionamento ocupacional após as intervenções foram maiores do que as médias inicias (p&lt;0,05). Conclusão: A abordagem em TO no contexto da interconsulta psiquiátrica possibilita a ampliação das dimensões que compõem diferentes sistemas do desempenho do paciente internado em hospital geral.

HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN MASKER SUNGKUP SELAMA TERAPI NEBULIZER TERHADAP SATURASI PERIFER OKSIGEN PADA PASIEN PPOK DI IGD BRSU TABANAN TAHUN 2016

Background. In Standard Operating Procedure, the use of hood mask on COPD patients in nebulizer therapy is used when necessary, which means that the medical staff able to wear a mask or not, it is because of lack of firmness in the Standard Operating Procedures created.Aim. To determine the relationship of the use of hoods during therapy nebulizer mask to saturation of peripheral oxygen in COPD patients in the ER Agency Tabanan General Hospital. Method. This research used non-probability sampling design, the sampling technique used in this study was consecutive sampling technique.Results. The respondents who wore hood mask on during nebulizer therapy as many as 84 respondents (98.8 percent), respondents who woremask on for 10-15 minutes by 85 respondents (100 percent), respondents who installed the rubber on mask during nebulizer therapy was 81 respondents (95.3 percent), the majority of respondents whom masks do did not come loose during nebulizer therapy as many as 76 respondents (89.4 percent). The saturation of oxygen peripheral therapy on COPD patients with nebulizer has a normal outcome as many as 82 respondents (96.5 percent).Conclusion. There was a significant relations between the use of hood mask during nebulizer therapy with the saturation of oxygen peripheral on COPD patients with the results of Pearson’s Chi-square test in Asymp.Sig value. (2-sided) of 0.00 (p = 0:00), because the value of Asymp.Sig. (2 -sided) 0:00 &lt;0:05 (Alpha 5%).Suggestion. In a nebulizer therapy on COPD patients, medical staff should wear a hood mask during the therapy and follow-up the result of this study for the changes of standard operating procedures.Keywords:COPD, Hood Mask, Oxygen Peripheral Saturation, Nebulizer

Use of Antipsychotic Medications in Non-Substance-Related Delirium—the Gap Between Research Findings and Clinical Practices

Gaps exist between the research knowledge base and clinical practices pertaining to the use of antipsychotics in delirium. We reviewed 19 major randomized studies on the use of antipsychotics in non-substance-related delirium to understand factors contributing to this gap. Based on limited literature, antipsychotics are not effective in treating delirium in patients who are mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients and those in palliative care, but they may be effective in preventing delirium in high-risk patients after elective surgery. The literature on the use of antipsychotics for delirium in general hospital patients is less clear. Delirium is a complex and heterogeneous syndrome and is influenced by several individual and clinical factors, which make researching its pharmacological treatment very difficult. Furthermore, heterogeneity of the studies is a barrier to reliable meta-analyses. Until methodologically sound literature pertinent to specific patient populations and clinical scenarios accumulates, we should use both the research literature and clinical expertise to formulate practice guidelines.

The Relation between Knowledge, Stress and Salt Consumption with Incidence of Hypertension in Elderly Woman Out Patients in General Hospital of Bahteramas Southeast Sulwesi Province

The Relation between Knowledge, Stress and Salt Consumption with Incidence of Hypertension in Elderly Woman Out Patients in General Hospital of Bahteramas Southeast Sulwesi Province