Pathology Of Oral Cavity Research Articles

Retrospective analysis of the causes of uveitis in patients of the ophthalmology department of a multidisciplinary clinic: the place of hyperuricemia

Background. Prolonged, including asymptomatic hyperuricemia (HU) for 7–10 years leads to the formation of sodium monourate deposits in various organs and tissues. Aim. To study the incidence of noninfectious uveitis (NU) caused by HU. Materials and methods. A retrospective evaluation of medical records of 217 patients diagnosed with NU in the ophthalmologic department of the general clinic for 10 years was carried out. Inclusion criteria: excess of serum uric acid values beyond the reference value (464 μmol/L), absence of other reasons explaining uveitis in the medical history. Exclusion criteria: glaucoma, recurrence of uveitis, pathology of ENT organs and oral cavity. Data are presented as median and interquartile range. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used as a criterion to assess the relationship between quantitative variables. The threshold level of statistical significance was taken as 0.05. Results. There were 19 patients, mean age of men – 60 years (54–69 years), mean age of women – 60 years (37–67 years), leukocyte count – 7.8×109 (6.4–9.4×109), SOE – 52.5 mm/h (47–61 mm/h), CRP – 62.6 mg/L (53–68.1 mg/L), MC – 560 μmol/L (531–601 μmol/L). Among the concomitant pathology: cataract was detected in 8 patients (44.4% of the total), hypertension – in 7 (38.9%) patients, CHD in its various forms – in 6 patients (33.3%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma – in 2 (11.1%) patients, diabetes mellitus – in 1 (5.3%) patient, gout – in 2 (11.1%) patients, and urolithiasis – in 4 (21%) patients. Statistically significant direct correlations were found between uric acid levels with COE (ρ=0.993; p0001), CRP (ρ=0.998; p0001). All identified correlations had strong closeness according to the Cheddock scale. Conclusion. Despite the low incidence of HU-induced NU, examination of serum urate levels is an important diagnostic criterion in recognizing the cause of uveitis.

Oral pathology following treatment of brain tumors in childhood

Relevance. The limited selectivity of antitumor therapy for central nervous system neoplasms entails the risk of dental morbidity in patients.The aim of the study is to assess the severity of damage to the dental hard tissues in patients with tumors of the posterior cranial fossa (medulloblastoma, astrocytoma) and other tumors of the central nervous system.Materials and methods. Three comparison groups were established based on the toxicity profiles of antitumor therapy among 251 patients at the "Russian Field" treatment and rehabilitation scientific center, to assess the characteristics of oral health status. The assessment of oral health status included diagnosing the carious process and calculating the DMFT index. The degree of damage to the dental hard tissues was evaluated on a four-point scale. The clinical manifestations of oral cavity pathology were compared using the Z-criterion for multiple pairwise comparisons of data, with adjustments for multiple testing (Multiple pairwise comparison Z-test for proportions with multiple testing correction) using the free R software version 3.5.2. The null hypothesis of equal indicators in the compared groups was rejected with a 95% confidence probability when comparing groups of patients.Results. Dental hard tissue pathology was significantly more prevalent in patients with medulloblastoma compared to those diagnosed with astrocytomas and other central nervous system tumors. Additionally, the prevalence of dental hard tissue pathology progressively decreased as the observation period following the completion of antitumor remission was extended.Conclusion. The most severe damage to dental hard tissues is observed in patients with medulloblastoma, who undergo more intensive antitumor therapy compared to those with CNS tumors of other histological types.

A Clinicopathological Evaluation of Oral Cavity Lesions and the Role of Cytokeratin 8/18 as a Marker in Oral Premalignant and Malignant Lesions: A Hospital-based Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: The oral cavity is affected by a wide range of pathologic lesions that may originate from squamous mucosa, salivary glands, mesenchymal structures and lymphoid tissue. Alterations in Cytokeratin (CK) patterns have been reported in oral potentially malignant and malignant lesions, and its expression is a hallmark of tumour progression. Aim: To evaluate different oral cavity lesions, with an emphasis on using Cytokeratin 8/18 (CK8/18) to differentiate between benign, premalignant and malignant lesions. Materials and Methods: The present hospital-based crosssectional observational study was conducted in the Departments of Pathology and Otorhinolaryngology, Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College and Hospital, Barpeta, Guwahati, Assam, India, from September 2020 to August 2021. A total of 93 biopsied or resected specimens clinically presenting in the Otorhinolaryngology Department with oral cavity lesions were submitted to the Department of Pathology, Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College and Hospital for histopathological examination followed by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) with CK8/18 in all the tissue samples as per IHC protocol. Age, gender, clinical presentation and sites of lesions were also assessed, as well as, histopathological evaluation and IHC. All data were collected, compiled and subjected to suitable statistical analysis, such as one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Fisher’s exact tests using International Business Machines (IBM) Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 28.0. Microsoft Office Word and Excel 2019 were used to generate graphs and tables. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 9-90 years and mean±Standard Deviation (SD) age was 52.69±15.81 years. Males, 59 (63.4%), were more commonly affected than females 34 (36.6%), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.73:1. Among the 93 various oral cavity lesions, 24 were located on the buccal mucosa, making it the most common site in our study. Of the 42 malignant oral cavity lesions, the most frequent was moderately differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) with a frequency of 21 cases (50%), followed by well-differentiated SCC with 18 cases, including one case of Verrucous carcinoma. Poorly differentiated SCC was the least frequent, with three cases (7.14%). CK8/18 was positive in 33 of the 42 malignant cases, four out of the 20 dysplasia cases, and all the benign cases were negative for IHC of CK8/18. The maximal intensity of CK8/18 was seen in 13/21 (62%) cases of moderately differentiated oral SCC. Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study on oral cavity lesions in the lower Assam region highlighted the significance of clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations, particularly with CK8/18 staining. A predominance of lesions on the buccal mucosa was found, with moderately differentiated SCC being the most common malignant type. CK8/18 expression showed a notable association with malignant lesions, especially in moderately differentiated SCC, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic marker. These findings contribute to a better understanding of oral cavity pathologies and may aid in early detection and management strategies.

Diagnostic Applications of Intraoral Scanners: A Systematic Review.

In addition to their recognized value for obtaining 3D digital dental models, intraoral scanners (IOSs) have recently been proven to be promising tools for oral health diagnostics. In this work, the most recent literature on IOSs was reviewed with a focus on their applications as detection systems of oral cavity pathologies. Those applications of IOSs falling in the general area of detection systems for oral health diagnostics (e.g., caries, dental wear, periodontal diseases, oral cancer) were included, while excluding those works mainly focused on 3D dental model reconstruction for implantology, orthodontics, or prosthodontics. Three major scientific databases, namely Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, were searched and explored by three independent reviewers. The synthesis and analysis of the studies was carried out by considering the type and technical features of the IOS, the study objectives, and the specific diagnostic applications. From the synthesis of the twenty-five included studies, the main diagnostic fields where IOS technology applies were highlighted, ranging from the detection of tooth wear and caries to the diagnosis of plaques, periodontal defects, and other complications. This shows how additional diagnostic information can be obtained by combining the IOS technology with other radiographic techniques. Despite some promising results, the clinical evidence regarding the use of IOSs as oral health probes is still limited, and further efforts are needed to validate the diagnostic potential of IOSs over conventional tools.

The role of microbiome-host interactions in the development of Alzheimer´s disease.

Alzheimer`s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia. It is often assumed that AD is caused by an aggregation of extracellular beta-amyloid and intracellular tau-protein, supported by a recent study showing reduced brain amyloid levels and reduced cognitive decline under treatment with a beta-amyloid-binding antibody. Confirmation of the importance of amyloid as a therapeutic target notwithstanding, the underlying causes of beta-amyloid aggregation in the human brain, however, remain to be elucidated. Multiple lines of evidence point towards an important role of infectious agents and/or inflammatory conditions in the etiology of AD. Various microorganisms have been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and brains of AD-patients and have thus been hypothesized to be linked to the development of AD, including Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG) and Spirochaetes. Intriguingly, these microorganisms are also found in the oral cavity under normal physiological conditions, which is often affected by multiple pathologies like caries or tooth loss in AD patients. Oral cavity pathologies are mostly accompanied by a compositional shift in the community of oral microbiota, mainly affecting commensal microorganisms and referred to as 'dysbiosis'. Oral dysbiosis seems to be at least partly mediated by key pathogens such as PG, and it is associated with a pro-inflammatory state that promotes the destruction of connective tissue in the mouth, possibly enabling the translocation of pathogenic microbiota from the oral cavity to the nervous system. It has therefore been hypothesized that dysbiosis of the oral microbiome may contribute to the development of AD. In this review, we discuss the infectious hypothesis of AD in the light of the oral microbiome and microbiome-host interactions, which may contribute to or even cause the development of AD. We discuss technical challenges relating to the detection of microorganisms in relevant body fluids and approaches for avoiding false-positives, and introduce the antibacterial protein lactoferrin as a potential link between the dysbiotic microbiome and the host inflammatory reaction.

Does Segmental Mandibulectomy Involving Critical Functional Sites Affect Quality of Life?

Segmental mandibulectomy (SM) is a morbid procedure, often indicated in the treatment of oral cavity pathology; however, the effect on quality of life resulting from resection of specific mandibular subsites has not previously been investigated. This study's primary aim was to evaluate differences in Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among patients who underwent segmental mandibulectomy with condylectomy (SMc+) or not (SMc-), and secondarily among patients who underwent SM with symphyseal resection (SMs+) or not (SMs-). A single-centre cross-sectional study was performed, identifying adults who had undergone SM over a 5-year period. Patients who had disease recurrence, further major head and neck surgery, or any surgery 3months prior to participating were excluded. Demographic, disease and treatment data were obtained via chart review. Participants completed the European Organisation for Treatment of Cancer 'General' and 'Head and Neck Specific' HRQoL modules. Condylectomy and midline-crossing resection were the primary and secondary predictor variables, while the primary outcome was HRQoL. Study variables were cross tabulated against predictor and outcome variables to identify potential confounders. The association between condylectomy and symphyseal resection on HRQoL was modelled using linear regression and subsequently with identified confounding factors. Forty-five enrolled participants completed questionnaires, of which 20 had undergone condylectomy and 14 symphyseal resection. Participants were majority male (68.9%) and on average 60.2±18years old, having undergone surgery 3.8±1.8years prior to participation. Prior to adjustment, Condylectomy patients reported significantly worse 'Emotional Function' (mean±standard deviation) (47.7±25.5 vs 68.4±26.6, P=.02), 'Social Function' (46.3±33.6 vs 61.4±28.9, P=.04) and 'Mouth Opening' (61.1±36.7 vs 29.8±38.3, P=.04) compared to the SMC- group. SMs+patients reported significantly worse scores in 'Social Function' (43.9±30.1 vs 48.3±32,1, P=.03), 'Dry Saliva' (65.1±35.3 vs 38.5±33.9, P<.01) and 'Social Eating' (48.5±45.6 vs 30.8±36.4, P<.01) compared to the SMs-group. Following adjustment only 'emotional function' in the SMc comparison retained significance (P=.04). SM causes anatomical distortion resulting in functional deficit. While the condyle and symphysis are theoretically functionally important, our findings suggest that morbidity associated with their resection may be the result of associated surgical and adjuvant treatment burden.

DENTAL STATUS OF BRONZE AGE POPULATION FROM THE AREA OF MODERN POLTAVA REGION (ACCORDING TO THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL MATERIALS)

In modern medical science, and in particular in dentistry, regarding pathology, the following question is actual invariably: Have there always been manifestations of diseases as we see them today? At the same time, research on dental diseases in ancient people remains also a reliable source of knowledge about the causes of oral cavity pathology in the modern population.&#x0D; Therefore, it is important to study deviations from the norms of development and peculiarities of skeleton of populations in various periods.&#x0D; The purpose of the study. To investigate the condition of hard oral tissues in the Bronze Age population from the area of modern Poltava region by skeletal remains.&#x0D; Object and methods of research. For the analysis the bone remains of 47 representatives (4 children's, 20 women's and 23 men's skeletons) of population of the Bronze Age (middle of the 3rd millennium – the 2nd millennium BC), from the area of modern Poltava region (main group), from the mound located in the vicinity of the village Hittsi of the Lubenskyi district, discovered by the archeological expedition in 2021 were selected.&#x0D; Anthropological series of individuals living in the Bronze Age on the territory of modern Poltava region described earlier were taken as a control group for comparison.&#x0D; The materials were discovered during the archaeological excavations carried out in 1998-2012, where a total of 102 skeletons were examined (30 children's skeletons, women's skeletons among examined are 20, and male ones are 52.)&#x0D; The study of the material was carried out by the method of skeletal tissue analysis of ancient people, developed by the authors of this publication on the basis of the Laboratory of Medical and Historical Anthropology of the Municipal Establishment "Center of Protection and Research of Archaeological Monuments" of Poltava Regional Council and the Children's Department of Therapeutic Dentistry with prevention of dental diseases of Poltava State Medical University. The method provides maximum preservation of bone and teeth tissues.&#x0D; Research results. Differences in the dental status of the main group correspond to the results of the paleopathological analysis of the collective anthropological series of the Bronze Age control group from the area of Poltava region (where there were found 4 tooth cavities per 102 persons and in another 22 persons dental mineralized deposits were observed) which reflect a specific consequence of the negative impact of social factors and environment in places of residence. However, the difference was determined in the form of coverage of the chewing organs with teeth mineralized deposits. Discrepancy in the number of encounters of mineralized deposits in the teeth of the studied groups is probably explained by the difference in food consumption and possible differences in types of lifestyles, the possible tendency of the male population to long transitions.&#x0D; Conclusion. The general somatic status of the control group of the studied people corresponds to the state of health of the Bronze Age population of the main group from the area of Poltava.&#x0D; So, another 47 people of the Bronze Age showed the same dynamics of the development of dental pathology with previously studied skeletons of representatives of this time from the area of the modern Poltava region.

The role of IL-36 subfamily in intestinal disease.

Interleukin (IL)-36 is a subfamily, of the IL-1 super-family and includes IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, IL-38 and IL-36Ra. IL-36 cytokines are involved in the pathology of multiple tissues, including skin, lung, oral cavity, intestine, kidneys and joints. Recent studies suggest that IL-36 signaling regulates autoimmune disease in addition to antibacterial and antiviral responses. Most research has focused on IL-36 in skin diseases such as psoriasis, however, studies on intestinal diseases are also underway. This review outlines what is known about the bioactivity of the IL-36 subfamily and its role in the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, gut dysbacteriosis and infection, and proposes that IL-36 may be a target for novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat intestinal diseases.

The effects of secondhand smoke on respiratory pathology, sensitization and development of allergic diseases in young children (literature review)

The prevalence of active smoking in Ukraine significantly exceeds the worldwide average, which is certainly a risk factor for children to be exposed to secondhand smoke. The article provides literature data and presents a modern view on the problem of secondhand tobacco smoke impact on the child population. In pediatric practice, the pathological impact of secondhand smoke on the child’s health is significant at the stage of its fetal development. Historical data convincingly prove the connection between the antenatal effect of secondhand smoke and the increased risk of perinatal losses and risks of pregnancy — miscarriage, stillbirth, and premature birth. As early as the 1960s and 1970s, scientific evidence was obtained for an association between the effects of tobacco smoke and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Children are most vulnerable to the negative effects of tobacco smoke at an early age because they have closer and longer contact with their parents, especially their mothers. Many studies have found an association between the effects of secondhand smoke and airway pathology (bronchitis, pneumonia), as well as an increase in the severity of respiratory syncytial viral infection (bronchiolitis). Numerous literature data indicate an association between the effect of passive smoking and the frequency and severity of oral cavity (dental caries) and middle ear (recurrent and chronic otitis, middle ear effusion) pathology. Many studies have shown the effects of secondhand smoke on the development and severity of bronchial asthma in children, but scientific data on the causal relationship of tobacco smoke with other allergic diseases (atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and food allergies), which are common in young children and preceded bronchial asthma in the "atopic march, are more limited and contradictory. The literature was searched using the PubMed database.

NURSES' KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES ABOUT ORAL MUCOSITIS OF CANCER PATIENTS UNDERGOING CHEMOTHERAPY IN SULAIMANI CITY/IRAQ

Oral health care is a crucial aspect of oncology nursing practice; therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate oncology nurses’ knowledge and practice with oral mucositis (OM) of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. One hundred nurses were participated from Hiwa and Shahid Shaswari Garmian hospitals, in addition to a demographic, a questionnaire was designed and constructed by the researcher to assess the nurse’s knowledge and practice through the mucositis undergoing chemotherapy. The mean age of participants was 32.15±7.63 years, 53% of nurses were males 67% of them held a Diploma degree in nursing, while 55% had (1-5) years of experience in oncology field. in addition to (78%) of participants lived in Sulaimaniah city. Finally, 84% of the participants received education program regarding oral mucositis. The Oncology nurses had good levels of knowledge in topics related to anatomy of oral cavity (64%), Pathology of oral cavity with oral mucositis patients (73.59%) and a significant differences were found between Nurses practice on mucositis of oral cavity and age , level of academic qualification , years of experience in oncology field and nurses were received education program regarding oral mucositis(p<0.05).Good levels of Nurses' knowledge directly affected on good level of their Practice.

Клинико-патогенетические особенности суставного синдрома при ревматоидном артрите с коморбидным пародонтитом

Актуальность. Накопление бактерий в полости рта больных ревматоидным артритом (РА) повышает частоту развития поражений тканей пародонта, но существует и обратная связь обоих заболеваний, когда коморбидный пародонтит способствует возникновению РА. Эндотоксемия, вызванная пародонтитом, может повышать чувствительность больных РА к аутоантигенам, участвовать в патогенетических построениях обоих заболеваний. РА и пародонтит имеют сходную остеоклазию, аллельные гены и общий дисбаланс состояния цитокиновой сети. Цель и задачи исследования: изучить у больных РА частоту и характер течения коморбидного хронического генерализованного пародонтита, определить его этиологические факторы, оценить степень влияния на клинические и рентгеносонографические признаки суставного синдрома. Материалы и методы. Под наблюдением находились 173 больных РА в возрасте 18–76 лет (в среднем 46 лет), среди которых было 20,8 % мужчин и 79,2 % женщин. Продолжительность от первой манифестации заболевания составила в среднем 10 лет. Частота серопозитивности РА по ревматоидному фактору в крови составила 74,6 %, а по антителам к цитруллиновому циклическому пептиду — 72,8 %. І, ІІ и ІІІ степени активности болезни соответственно констатированы в 26,0; 43,9 и 30,1 % случаев, а соотношение I, II, III и IV стадий патологического процесса составило 1 : 6 : 5 : 3. Для оценки количества аэробных и факультативно-анаэробных микроорганизмов, вегетирующих на слизистой оболочке десен, использовалась методика стерильных бумажных дисков. Проводили клиническое, рентгенологическое и ультразвуковое исследование суставов, изучение биохимических, иммуноферментных и физико-химических показателей крови и смывов полости рта, определение интегральных тяжестей течения основной и коморбидной патологии. Результаты. Хронический генерализованный пародонтит диагностирован у 45,7 % от числа больных РА (соотношение мужчин и женщин 1 : 4), развитие которого было тесно связано с активностью и стадией суставного синдрома, наличием системного остеопороза, серопозитивностью заболевания по ревматоидному фактору и антителам к циклическому цитруллиновому пептиду, причем в этиологии пародонтита первостепенное значение отводится моракселлам, псевдомонам, стафилококкам, стрептококкам, бактериоидам, эубактериям, фузобактериям, пропионибактериям и сарцинам, а в его патогенезе — интерлейкину-1β, при этом сама патология полости рта участвует в патогенетических построениях остеопороза, поражений верхнечелюстных, лучезапястных и коленных суставов, в формировании артрокальцинатов и развитии синдрома Шегрена. Выводы. Полученные данные диктуют необходимость разработки новых подходов к медицинской технологии индивидуальной патогенетической терапии РА с учетом наличия и этиологии коморбидного пародонтита, выделения критериев, позволяющих оценивать активность патологического процесса, прогнозировать характер течения болезни и эффективность лечебных мероприятий.

Prevalence of Dental Diseases in Children with Digestive Tract Diseases

To study the prevalence of stomatitis among children with the background of chronic gastroduodenitis (CG). 74 children aged from 3 to 17 years old, who were in inpatient treatment during the 1st half of 2020. The patients' aged 5 to 16 years. Boys - 41.8%, girls - 58.2%. The duration of the disease in 45% from 1 to 5 years, in 55% it was 5 or more years. Symptoms of CG were characterized by pain (82.6%), dyspeptic (76%) and asthenovegetative (in 2/3) syndromes. In 65.6%, signs of poly hypovitaminosis and micronutrient deficiencies were found. According to the endoscopic examination, superficial (42.2%), erosive (31.8%), atrophic forms of gastritis (18.8%) were more common, other forms of CG were less common. Among the oral cavity pathologies, caries (20.2%), aphthous stomatitis and angular cheilitis (39.1%) were common. Chronic stomatitis prevailed (62.1%) compared with acute (37.9%). Mild was 14.8%, medium - 51.7%, severe - 10.3%. In the structure of stomatitis, the fibrous form was often (62%), less often necrotic (17.2%) and granulation and lichenoid form 10 3%. The etiological factor: herpes virus (24.1%), Candida (17.2%), bacterial (27.5%, often staphylococci, streptococci, Klebsiela, etc.), combined flora was in angular cheilitis (31,2%) Stomatitis in children with gastrointestinal tract pathology has more severe course. Success in the treatment and maintenance of health in different ages children. The work of a multidisciplinary team is required.

The Oral Cavity Connective Tissue Dysplasia in Different Ages Children

To study the role of connective tissue dysplasia syndrome in children in the occurrence of oral diseases. 104 children with oral cavity pathology were on treatment during 2019-2020 in hospital. Aged from 5 to 17 years. All children had diseases of the digestive tract, were on dynamic observation at primary health care level. The control group consisted of 36 almost healthy children. comparable in age and sex. verified diagnosis, patient consent, absence of concomitant decompensated and sub compensated states. Connective tissue dysplasia of the oral cavity was more often in the control group (54.8%) comparing with the comparison group (19.4%, p<0.05), and more often among boys (32.6%) compared with girls (22.1%). The most common stigmas: gothic palate (26.2%), flat palate (21.5%), impaired growth and development of the jaws (24.5%), abnormalities in the permanent teeth eruption (11.3%), short frenum of the tongue (10.4%), folded tongue (6.1%). The level of stigma in 45.6% of children - 3 stigmas, 31.6% - 3–4 stigmas, and 22.8% - more than 5 oral stigmas. Among the children of the comparison group, the most common was the gothic palate (11.1%, p<0.05), short frenum (5.5%, p<0.05), flat palate (2.8%, p<0.05). Probably, a significant prevalence of connective tissue dysplasia of the oral cavity organs, formed prenatally, can be markers of chronic somatic diseases.

Classification Tree Method for Determining Factors Associated with Halitosis

Decision trees are data mining techniques for extracting hidden knowledge from large databases. This study was performed to establish the risk factors associated with halitosis by applying a decision tree model in a Turkish population and examining the interactions between these factors. We obtained data from a total of 1.290 patients, consisting of 645 patients with halitosis and 645 healthy controls. The subjects’ demographic characteristics, smoking status, alcohol intake, medical history and medications were assessed. The presence of potential intraoral causes of halitosis was determined by investigating perceived oral health problems such as caries, periodontal diseases, tongue coating, and oral cavity pathologies. Halitosis level was evaluated using an organoleptic scale. All data were subjected to classification tree analyses. Halitosis was significantly more common in patients with (80.9%) than without (20.7%) oral health problems (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Halitosis was significantly less common in non-smokers without oral health problems than in smokers with oral health problems (14.5%; P &amp;lt; .001). Halitosis was evident in all patients with oral health problems, smokers, and those with respiratory diseases (100%). The effects of systemic diseases on halitosis were significant in non-smokers without oral health problems (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Respiratory conditions showed significant effects on halitosis in smokers with oral health problems (P &amp;lt; 0.01). We developed a decision tree model to identify risk factors associated with halitosis. The classification tree method showed that the most significant factors affecting halitosis were oral health problems followed by smoking status.

PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN DOGS (ETIOLOGY, CLINICAL SIGNS, DIAGNOSIS)

. Recently, t he number of non-communicable pathologies in dogs is increasing and a large part of them are caused by diseases of the oral cavity area. A significant number of them are dental problems. One of them is periodontitis. More often periodontitis occurs as a result of tooth fractures and the development of caries, which are complicated by necrotic pulpitis. The main forms of periodontitis in dogs: fibro us , granulomatous, granulating , and suppurative. The work describes clinical manifestations of periodontal pathology and interprets the radiological image s taken for fin al diagnosis of oral cavity pathology. Fibrous periodontitis was found to be asymptomatic and characterized by insignificant equitable expansion of the periodontal slit in the apex area. Granul ating periodontitis is characterized by hyperemia and swelling of the mucous membrane of the gums in the area of tooth root projection and uneven jaw bone destruction with deformation of the periodontal slit. Granulomatous periodontitis is asymptomatic and is characterized by the development of a rounded defect of the jaw bone, which is associated with periodontitis and is radiologically detected . A f istula in the infraorbital region (fourth upper premolar) is observed q uite often. In cases of suppurative periodontitis in dogs, t oot h ache , hyperemia and swelling of the gums, fistula, destruction and melting of the periodontal ligament were noted. Odontogenic abscesses can be considered not only as an independent nosologic unit but also as a kind of suppurative periodontitis. Granulomas of periodontal tissue are a part of chronic periodontitis including its similar etiology, pathogenesis, symptoms , and localization. Keywords : fistulas, caries, tooth fractures, deformation, periodontal slit

Beta‐defensin 1 gene polymorphisms in the pathologies of the oral cavity—Data from meta‐analysis: Association only with rs1047031 not with rs1800972, rs1799946, and rs11362

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to reveal a potential association of the four functional polymorphisms in human Beta-defensin 1 (DEFB1) gene: rs1047031(c*5G>A) at 3'UTR and rs11362 (-20 G>A), rs1800972(-44 C>G), and rs1799946 (-52 G>A) at 5'UTR with the risk of common oral cavity pathologies that included periodontitis, caries, lichen planus, and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. The relevant studies were obtained by the two researchers from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to April 29, 2020. The manual search of the reference lists was also performed. Studies on DEFB1 gene polymorphisms and oral cavity disorders, using the case-control genetic association analysis approach, and published as full texts in English were included. To assess the association strength, odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted. Thirteen publications met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated in this meta-analysis. Statistically significant values of the association tests were found only for the rs1047031 polymorphism. Allele distribution in the rs1047031 polymorphism was significantly associated with susceptibility to oral cavity pathologies (adjusted P value=0.003). The rare variant allele carriers had a significantly higher risk for oral disasters under recessive (CC vs CT+TT), and CC vs CT models. No significant correlations between rs11362, rs1800972, and rs1799946 and the risk of oral pathologies were revealed. Significant association between rs1047031 polymorphism and risk of oral pathologies has been found, and therefore, we suggest to include this polymorphism in future research concerning the genetic background of the oral cavity diseases.

Influence of drug addiction on oral pathology and peculiarities of dental care for drug addicts (literature review)

The results of the analysis of drug abuse incidence in 2018–2019 indicate that the situation has worsened and the incidence of drug addiction in Ukraine tends to increase. Drug abuse leads to a large number of negative changes in various systems and organs of the body (nephropathy, respiratory diseases, liver cirrhosis, diseases of the circulatory system (infectious endocarditis), surgical pathology (necrotizing fasciitis), hepatitis, as well as to mental and behavioral disorders.Аim. Grounding on the analysis of literature sources, to investigate the influence of drug abuse and drug-influenced lifestyle on oral cavity pathology and the peculiarities of dental care for drug addicts.Among dental diseases in drug addicts, caries and non-carious lesions of the hard tissues of the teeth account for the largest share. Modern literature describes studies showing that the carious process in the hard tissues of the teeth of addicted patients develops very rapidly, often affecting the cariesimmune areas. In drug addicted patients, significant changes in the composition of the oral fluid are observed, in particular, imbalance of macro- and microelements, enzyme activity. Scientists have connected changes in the content of calcium in the oral fluid of drug-addicted patients both with its release from the crystal lattice of hard tissues of teeth during the development of numerous carious cavities, and with impaired absorption. One of the determining factors for the occurrence of hard tissue diseases of the teeth and other organs and tissues, is insufficient oral hygiene in drug addicted patients. A study of the dental status of drug addicted patients who have been taking drugs for more than 5 years, once or twice a day, indicates a significant prevalence of caries in this group of patients and a high index of DMFT, low hygiene, which is indicated by high OHI-S.The general principles of dental treatment are described in the literature, in particular treatment regimens of periodontal diseases in drug addicts. However, there is insufficient amount of information regarding the stages and features of the treatment of hard dental tissue diseases in these patients.Conclusions. The study of the negative impact of drugs on dental status is necessary for quality treatment and prevention of dental diseases in addicted patients. Providing dental care to drug addicts should be based on determining the optimal time and establishing good communication, both with the drug addict and with his family.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION FEATURES IN THE ORAL CAVITY PATIENTS WITH GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE

Nowadays, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is particularly relevant because it concerns many health and social issues. According to international and national statistics, the number of GERD patients is constantly increasing, especially among the socially active segments of the population.&#x0D; GERD is one of the most important problems of modern gastroenterology due to the increase in the number of patients with this pathology, the presence of both typical and atypical symptoms significantly impair the quality of patients’ life. Atypical symptoms of GERD may lead to overdiagnosis of some diseases and worsen their course; sometimes patients run the risk of developing serious complications with the need of long-term medical treatment in case of insufficient awareness of physicians about GERD.&#x0D; Increased attention should be given to issues of concomitant pathology of the oral cavity and diseases of the esophagus taking into account the anatomical proximity, the commonness of the blood supply, innervation and humoral regulation, because the mouth is the first division of the alimentary canal. Therefore, all GERD-associated changes in the oral cavity can be divided into change in soft tissues (the vermilion border, mucosa, tongue, periodontal tissues) and hard tissues of teeth and a deterioration of the content and quality of oral fluid.&#x0D; Our study aimed at examining the prevalence and variation of pathological changes in the oral mucosa of GERD patients.&#x0D; We examined 90 patients aged 25–35 years and 45–55 years. Patients were divided into 3 groups of 30 patients in each group: 1 group – patients with diagnosed GERD with high acidity; 2 group – patients with low acidity, 3 group – control.&#x0D; The patients have been examined by a gastroenterologist based on generally accepted criteria, esophageal pH monitoring data as well as fibrogastroduodenoscopy of esophagus and stomach. Dental assessment included evaluating the state of oral hygiene (index Green-Vermilion), and oral mucosa condition; the periodontal status was assessed by the index Rassel.&#x0D; In conclusion, the findings indicate a variety of changes in oral cavity in patients with GERD, both with high and with low acidity. The prospect of our further research will be to develop an algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of oral GERD manifestations and secondary dental disease prevention.

Dentistry in the eyes of medical students

Introduction. It is known that patients primarily come to general practitioners asking for help with oral disease. Although the matter falls out of the frame of `traditional` medical practice, ethical guidance suggests that doctors should examine one`s oral cavity with the aim of recognizing symptoms which treatment could improve the quality of oral and general health leading to an early discovery of potentially severe diseases. The aim was to examine the habits and attitudes of medical students and graduates who are interns related to oral health care, their knowledge of oral cavity diseases and systematic diseases with symptoms manifested in oral cavity, as well as their knowledge of patients who are at risk from dental interventions. Material and methods. The survey was conducted on the sample of 100 subjects. The questionnaire consisted of 16 questions. The results were collected and statistically analyzed. Results. The majority of subjects go to the dentist only after the toothache starts. Although 84% of medical students make sure to check oral cavity while taking medical history, more than half of the examined medical students would not send the patient to dentist for consultation. Every tenth student was not able to state other local disease of oral cavity apart from tooth decay. Even 6% of examined students classified the tooth decay as an aesthetic problem. Half of examined students considered their study program needed course in the field of dentistry. Conclusion. Medical students are not well informed about the field of oral hygiene and pathology of oral cavity. Interdisciplinary cooperation of General Practitioners and Dentists is important.

First characterization of methanogens in oral cavity in Malian patients with oral cavity pathologies

BackgroundThe oral cavity of humans is inhabited by several hundreds of bacterial species and other microorganisms such as fungi and archaeal methanogens. Regarding methanogens, data have been obtained from oral cavity samples collected in Europe, America and Asia. There is no study published on the presence of methanogens in the oral cavity in persons living in Africa. The objective of our study was to bring new knowledge on the distribution of oral methanogens in persons living in Mali, Africa.MethodsA total of 31 patients were included in the study during a 15-day collection period in September. Bacterial investigations consisted in culturing the bacteria in 5% sheep blood–enriched Columbia agar and PolyViteX agar plates. For archaeal research, we used various methods including culture, molecular biology and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH).ResultsEight of 31 (26%) oral samples collected in eight patients consulting for stomatology diseases tested positive in polymerase chain-reaction (PCR)-based assays for methanogens including five cases of Methanobrevibacter oralis and one case each of Methanobrevibacter smithii, Methanobrevibacter massiliense and co-infection Methanobrevibacter oralis and Methanobrevibacter massiliense.ConclusionsIn this pilot study, we are reporting here the first characterization of methanogens in the oral cavity in eight patients in Mali. These methanogen species have already been documented in oral specimens collected from individuals in Europe, Asia, North America and Brazil.