Pathology Of Cows Research Articles

Iodine deficiency as an environmental risk factor for thyroid gland diseases in animals

Among non-infectious diseases in humans and animals, iodine deficiency pathology is a significant problem worldwide due to its high prevalence and broad spectrum of clinical signs and consequences. Increasing anthropogenic pressure on the natural environment has led to an ecological crisis. The situation is complicated in the biogeochemical zones of Ukraine, where insufficient or excessive content of mobile forms of microelements in soils and water sources determines the biological reaction of local flora and fauna. In animals, this is manifested by endemic diseases, including hypothyroidism. Mineral elements, including iodine, are a structural material in the body of animals; they participate in the processes of digestion and absorption in the digestive tract, synthesis, splitting, and excretion of metabolic products, creating the necessary conditions for the normal functioning of enzymes, hormones, vitamins, stabilize acidic-alkaline balance and osmotic pressure. Of all the organs of the endocrine system, the thyroid gland is the most closely related to the environment since its structure and function largely depend on the supply of iodine from the outside. The authors describe in detail the role of synergists of iodine (selenium, iron, copper, zinc, cobalt) and antagonists, the imbalance of trace elements, the influence of ionizing radiation, and the nature of feeding. It is substantiated that the action of environmental elements and anthropogenic factors determines the appearance and risk of developing thyroid pathology in cows. The article presents materials from a complex study of the clinical course of iodine deficiency, as well as morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of cows. The object of research is clinically healthy and sick animals – cattle. Diagnosis of thyroid pathology was carried out with the help of clinical and laboratory tests. The clinical examination of cows was carried out according to the generally accepted scheme, taking into account the results of the general condition and studies of individual organs and systems. The research was conducted in three districts of the Zhytomyr region (Korostenskyi, Narodytskyi, and Popilnianskyi). During the external examination of the animals, swelling in the intermaxillary space (Myxedema) was observed, which was found only in 5 out of 90 dairy cows (5.6 %), mainly from Narodytsky district (8.9 %), compared to 2.2 % in Korosten district. It was observed that goiter was established in only three cows out of 90 (3.35%); all were in Narodytsky district (6.7 %). Enophthalmos was detected in 24 out of 90 dairy cows (26.7 %), including 16 out of 45 cows (35.4 %) in the Narodytsky District, while this symptom was not detected in the Popilnya District dairy cows. It was established that the content of thyroxine in dairy cows of Narodytskyi and Korostensky districts ranged from 2.2 to 4.25 μg/100 ml (28.3–54.7 nmol/l), respectively, and was on average 3.4 ± 0.21 μg/100 ml (43.8 ± 2.70 nmol/l, in cows from the conditionally clean territory (Popelnyan district) – 5.3 ± 0.65 nmol/l.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF FETAL ATTACHMENT RETENTION IN INTENSIVELY BREEDING COWS

"The evolution of the puerperium is conditioned by the course of parturition - eutopic or dystocic, but also by possible placental retention or uterine atony and not rarely by infection with bacterial germs. After parturition, energy consumption increases with uterine involution, the volume of milk production and the needs determined by local and general self-defence. The puerperal period is one of the most important stages in the reproductive cycle of cows. Early and correct diagnosis of conditions during this period can lead to appropriate and more effective treatment regimens. Research in the literature indicates that special attention should be paid to high milk-producing females, especially in the intensive breeding system, as it is known that some diseases can easily develop in the genital tract during the puerperal period. An important aspect of reproduction in cows is sterility or inability to reproduce due to incurable lesions of the genital tract following dystocic parturitions. The aim of this paper is to complete the existing research and studies in the literature with some major aspects of reproductive pathology in cows, namely to highlight some of the factors that can generate the anaesthesia syndrome. In the first year of observation (2021), the incidence of fetal adnexal retention was 12.4% of the 242 cows monitored, and in 2022 out of a total of 270 cows, 9.6% of females were diagnosed with this condition. Analyzing the incidence of fetal appendix retention by calendar month, it was found that in 2021 no cases were reported in August, one case (0.4%) was recorded in June and July, and the highest level was recorded in February, 2.5%. In 2022, similar incidence of fetal appendage retention was recorded including the highest level of 1.8% being reported also in February. The incidence of fetal attachment retention in cows correlates with the level of milk production per lactation increasing progressively with the volume of milk production. Thus, in the year 2021 in cows with milk production ranging between 5000-5500 liters of milk/lactation the lowest level was obtained, i.e. 0.8% of fetal attachment retention.in the herd of 26 monitored females. Of the 45 cows with milk production between 7001-7500 l milk/lactation 3.3% of the females showed fetal attachment retention."

Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of cows with persistent ovarian corpus luteum

The article presents the results of studies on the use of the drug regostenol in persistent ovarian corpus luteum. The studies were carried out in JSC "PZ" Meliorator "of the Saratov region, where they noted the widespread obstetric and gynecological pathology in cows. Among these diseases, 43.91% are functional disorders of the ovaries. Persistent corpus luteum was recorded in 12.69% of animals. After the use of regostenol, 91.67% of cows showed the stage of excitation of the sexual cycle, and the time for the onset of the first sexual cycle came in 5.2 ± 0.03 days. In the control group of cows, no manifestations of sexual cyclicity occurred. Experimental studies have shown that after the use of regostenol in cows with a persistent corpus luteum, 75.0% of animals became pregnant with an insemination index of 1.8. Whereas in the control group, all animals remained infertile. The data obtained indicate the expediency of using the drug, since it allows achieving the manifestation of sexual cyclicity after prolonged anaphradesia and fertilization of most of the cows after insemination.

Distribution, diagnostics of mycotoxins in feed and prevention of gynecologi-cal pathology in cows

The results of the study of the treatment of cows for gynecological pathology when feeding fodder affected by mycotoxins are given in a comparative aspect. To detect microscopic fungi and mycotoxins in fodder, organoleptic, physico-chemical, toxicological-biological chemical-mycological research methods and clinical methods for researching the condition of the organs of the reproductive system of cows using ultrasound diagnostics were used. The purpose of the research was the approval of methods of treatment of cows for gynecological pathology in conditions of feed contamination with microscopic fungi and their toxins. The tasks of the research were to study the species characteristics of microscopic fungi and their toxins in fodder for cows; establish the prevalence of microscopic fungi and their toxins; to determine the effectiveness of treatment of cows for mycotoxicosis in a comparative aspect with the use of sorbents and an estrogen inhibitor during gynecological dispensation. Black and spotted cows were used for research according to the principle of analogues, 4 groups were formed. The animals of the 1st group were healthy animals (n = 42), the animals of the 2nd experimental group (n = 43) were fed with a product based on eleolite (2.5 kg/t of feed), the cows of the 3rd group (n = 41) injected a means based on an estradiol inhibitor in a dose of 3 ml per animal, the 4th group of animals (n = 42) did not receive treatment during the experimental period. The mycotoxins deosinivalenol and zearalenol were found to be present in 22.02 % to 27.3 % of the examined feeds. At the same time, the presence of fungi of the genera Aspergillus and Fusarium was established from 1.45 % to 4.9 % of the studied samples. The best treatment effect was obtained in the 3rd group of cows. The number of cases of ovarian hypotrophy was 2.1 times lower compared to the 4th and 1.8 times lower in the 2nd group, but 1.3 times higher than the 1st group. Ovarian atrophy in cows of the 3rd group was 2 times lower than in the 2nd group and 5 times lower than in the 4th group. Pathologies such as endometritis and persistent yellow body were diagnosed at the same time and were 4.5 times less in cows of the 3rd group than in the 2nd and 10.1 times less than in the 4th. Taking into account the obtained data, it can be concluded that the use of a remedy based on celeotite reduced the manifestation of gynecological pathology due to mycotoxicosis by 1.65 times, and the use of a remedy based on an estradiol inhibitor by 3.94 times.

ASSESSMENT OF THE THERAPEU-TIC EFFICIENCY OF THE NEW PREPARATION «KALTSEMAGFOSVIT» IN PATHOLOGY OF THE POSTNATAL PERIOD IN COWS

The results of scientific and industrial experiments on the assessment of the new complex preparation’s thera-peutic effect based on bioelements «Calcemagfosvit» in postpartum pathology in cows are presented. It was discovered that the therapeutic efficacy of calcemagfosvit in postpartum paresis was 83,3 %, and in postpartum retention – 87,5–88,9 %.

Поліморфізм систем білків крові та його значення у репродуктивній функції корів української чорно-рябої молочної породи

Goal. To assess the reproductive capacity of livestock, to determine in the blood serum polymorphic systems of protein macromolecules and enzymes, and to establish their relationship with indicators of reproductive function, resistance to obstetric and gynecological pathology in cows. To study the options for using molecular genetic analysis of cattle to identify immunogenetic markers to theoretically substantiate their use for the formation of highly productive and resistant to obstetric and gynecological pathology of dairy cows. Methods. The study was conducted in “Dairy Rivers, Ltd.” on 75 cows of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed (Western intra-breed type) aged 5-9 years, live weight 550-600 kg. Obstetric and gynecological examination of cows was performed according to the method elaborated by M. Kosenko et al. (2005). Criteria for assessing the reproductive function of cows were as follows: duration of pregnancy, time of the first insemination after calving, service period, insemination index; fertility after the first insemination, all fertilized (total number of fertilized animals during the study period), the birth of twins. Results. The material selected for genetic and biochemical studies (blood samples from 75 cows) contained the following polymorphic protein systems: post-albumins, transferrins, haptoglobin, and isoforms of enzymes: catalase, peroxidase, and succinate oxide dismutase. The genetic frequency of alleles of polymorphic systems of proteins and serum enzymes was determined using the Hardy–Weinberg formula. The frequency of allele A of the transferrin locus in cows is lower, and that one of allele D is higher by 0.11 units. This indicates that the genetic frequency of the studied polymorphic systems of proteins and serum enzymes of cows in different herds is not the same. Conclusions. In cows-homozygotes and cows-heterozygotes tested for catalase isoforms, no significant difference in the studied indicators of reproductive function was found, because the phenotypes of isoforms of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase during their separation in polyacrylamide gel were monomorphic. The birth of twins was observed in K-AA homozygotes.

Study of criteria for selection and evaluation of donor cows in their preparation for embryo transplantation

In the present studies, we studied and tested various criteria for evaluating donors before carrying out fetal transplantation. The main objectives of the study were: to study the prevalence of gynecological pathology in cows, which are potential candidates for embryo transplantation, to determine the relationship between the concentration of carotene and the level of progesterone as a marker of ovarian activity. It was found that the greatest number of complications during childbirth were recorded during the period of fetal excretion, which were observed in 72% of animals, and in the subsequent stage of labor, which were observed in 68% of animals. In the postpartum period, inflammation of the genital organs was most often manifested in 23.6% and uterine subinvolution 13.89%. Further, in the postpartum period, the concentration of progesterone in milk in cows was investigated and the functional activity of the corpus luteum was determined. For the study, a group of 32 cows was formed whose genital involution had ended. The study of progesterone was carried out in dynamics, twice on the 35th and 45th days after calving. The study found that in 71.86% of cows the amount of progesterone was less than 5 ng / ml, which indicates a low activity of the corpus luteum. In 28.13% of animals the concentration of progesterone on the 35th day was higher than 5.67 ng / ml and averaged 8.22±3.83 ng / ml and significantly decreased to 1.86 ± 1.69 ng / ml. The number of cows with a consistently low P4 concentration in two measurements was 56.25% of the total number of animals in the group. Thus, it was found 12.5% with a reduced activity of the corpus luteum in the luteal phase. Also, in experimental animals, a biochemical study of blood serum was carried out and a pronounced relationship with the concentration of carotene in the blood was determined.

Seasonal effect on milk productivity and cases of mastitis in Ukrainian Brown Swiss Cows

Seasonality affects milk production, its composition, as well as the spread of mastitis in dairy cows. The aim of the research work was to study the way the seasons affect milk productivity and the manifestation of mastitis among Ukrainian brown Swiss cows at a commercial dairy unit, with the animals kept in naturally ventilated premises. The relationship between the indicators was assessed by Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient. The influence of a seasonal factor and individual air parameters on cows’ milk productivity was evaluated using Factorial ANOVA in Statistica 12 software. The results of the study revealed a high correlation between the content of milk fat and milk protein and the weather conditions (temperature, relative humidity, as well as temperature-humidity index) by seasons. Moreover, the greatest negative relationship between these characteristics was observed in spring (r = 0.4‒0.8) and in autumn (r = 0.6), and not in summer during the heat, as we had predicted earlier. The influence rate of the «season» factor was significant both in terms of the daily milk yield and milk components (51–59%) and mastitis prevalence rate in cows (56%) at the dairy unit. In general, the reduction of milk yields in summer and especially in autumn, and the spread of udder pathology in cows during this period should provide for the introduction of managerial and preventive veterinary measures to mitigate the effects of hot summer among Ukrainian Brown Swiss cows at year-round housing of animals in naturally ventilated premises.

Development of laboratory diagnostic criteria for autoimmune thyroid pathology in cows

Development of laboratory diagnostic criteria for autoimmune thyroid pathology in cows

EFFECTIVE THERAPY OF COWS WITH UTERINE INFLAMMATION

The scientific article provides data on the incidence of obstetric and gynecological pathology in cows and therapeutic efficacy of the intrauterine veterinary drug "Cefosulbokar". It has been shown that the therapeutic ef-ficcacy of Cefosulbocar for severe forms of uterine inflammation was 76.5-77.8%, for clinical and subclinical en-dometritis – 90.1-92.0%. The course of treatment for postpartum metritis averaged 6.5 ± 0.11 days, the service period was 149.7 ± 1.93 days; for clinical metritis – 6.7 ± 0.14 days, service period – 150.9 ± 1.88 days; for clinical endometritis – 3.9 ± 0.14 days, service period – 135.0 ± 2.37 days, for chronic latent endometritis – 1.5 ± 0.10 days, service period – 118.2 ± 1.58 day.

Diagnostic stage of obstetric dispensary of cows in the conditions of PAE “Shpanivske” of Rivne district of Rivne region

The problem of obstetric pathology of cows is one of the first non-communicable diseases of animals. To eliminate it, a system of medical examination of cows has been developed, which includes a set of diagnostic, treatment and preventive measures aimed at reproduction of herds and obtaining healthy animals. The aim of the work was to study the prevalence of obstetric pathology, to determine the toxic and biochemical parameters and inorganic elements in the serum of cows in the period before launch and after calving in PSP “Shpanivske” Rivne district of Rivne region. Taken 15 blood samples from cows from different physiological groups (1 group – cows after calving, 2 – cows before start). The research was carried out by conventional methods on ImmunoChem-2100 – multifunctional microplate photometer and Immunochem-2200-2 – thermoshaker on 2 tablets using a set of reagents from “Philisit-Diagnostics” and “Vector-Best” and the content of inorganic elements. absorption spectrophotometer C-115M1. According to the results of obstetric examination of cows, conducted in the dry period, revealed: ketosis – 12.4 %, fatty hepatodystrophy – 11.7 %, udder edema – 8.8 % and subclinical mastitis – 23.6 % of animals. In 67.8 % of cows in the dry period with ketosis, the level of ketone bodies was at the level of 2.2 ± 0.01 mmol/l, and after birth they developed postpartum paresis – 18.3 %, postpartum endometritis – 27.9 % and delay manure – 26.7 %. Dry cows were diagnosed with a decrease in total cholesterol by 23.9 % relative to the lower reference value, and in cows after start – recorded an increase in total protein by 1.7 %, total globulin by 0.5 %, urea content by 23.3 % relative to the upper reference level and a decrease in glucose of 36.0 % relative to the lower reference level. There was also a decrease in the content of Zinc after childbirth by 22.0 % and in the period of dryness by 21.7 % and inorganic Phosphorus after childbirth by 28.2 % and in the period of dryness by 18.6 % relative to the lower reference level. In the future, further research will determine the quality of feed and develop schemes for immunocorrection of cows during the dry season and after calving.

Effectiveness of using the drug “Bolus rozröd +” for prevention of obstetric polymorbid pathology of cows

To prevent postpartum pathologies in cows, the study used the drug “Bolus rozröd +” – boluses containing ionized iodine (1.0%), selenium (0.15%), cobalt (0.50%) and copper (13.4%) and their long-term digestibility (within 6-8 months). The choice of the drug “Bolus rozröd +” as a means of prevention of postpartum pathologies is due to the fact that it contains trace elements that are deficient in the diet of the dairy complex “Ekaterinoslavsky”, the lack of which is a leading link in the etiopathogenesis of postpartum pathologies. A significant advantage is that the drug is relatively inexpensive (~ 10 $), and its components have a long digestibility (within 6-8 months), which can significantly reduce the frequency of injections (single, repeated ─ if necessary), and hence the total cost for preventive measures, treatment of sick animals and reduction of their stress during active milking, which will also reduce financial losses from unproduced milk. The experimental group (25) was given the drug “Bolus rozröd +”, heated to a temperature of 15-200C, orally, using an applicator (bolus) at the rate of 1 bolus per animal. The effectiveness of the drug “Bolus rozröd +” was determined according to the dynamics of biochemical blood tests and clinical evaluation of the postpartum period in cows. It was established that the method of prevention of postpartum pathologies in cows using the drug “Bolus rozrod +” is therapeutically effective, because it improves the biochemical parameters of the blood of animals, in particular, and reduces the incidence of postpartum pathology in general. Thus, the drug reduced the clinical manifestations of the following diseases: ketosis-metritis, placental delay and ketosis, and the number of healthy animals was 20% higher than in the control group, which proves the positive effect of the drug “Bolus rozröd +”.

FEATURES OF DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF UTERINE ABSCESS IN COWS

Uterine abscess in cows is nowadays insufficiently researched and enlightened problem of veterinary obstetrics and needs more detailed study in terms of diagnostics, causes, clinical manifestation and development of effective treatments.
 The purpose of the work was a comprehensive diagnosis, study of the etiology, clinical manifestation and effectiveness of treatment of uterine abscess in cows.
 Complex diagnostics included clinical and ultrasound examinations and microbiological studies. Clinical diagnosis was based on anamnesis, examination, palpation, evaluation of the nature of genital discharge. Ultrasound used a modern KX5200 Kaixin scanner for cattle. Microbiologically, the microflora of the contained abscess was investigated and, according to conventional methods, the sensitivity of the microorganisms to the preparations was determined.
 Some etiologic factors of cow uterine abscess are presented in the paper, including inappropriate obstetric intervention in obstetric care, infection in the birth canal after incorrect treatment, some consequences of various kinds of trauma in childbirth. The clinical picture and symptomatology of the disease are revealed. It is noted that the pathology is manifested by symptoms of endometritis, occurs with fever, frequent pulse and is characterized by a worsening of the general condition. Ultrasound is the most commonly diagnosed abscess localized at the point of transition of the cervix to the body. Rectal examination showed significant uterine enlargement and tenderness to the touch, especially at the site of abscess formation. According to the results of microbiological studies, the most effective in the spectrum of action was the drug for intrauterine administration of «Ceftiozol», based on ceftiofur hydrochloride, with the addition of lactic acid, diamond green, benzalkonium chloride and dimethyl sulfoxide, which is recommended as a treatment system for the first treatment. In addition, the treatment scheme used drugs «Enzaprost», «Uterodev» and «Retinol-250». The therapeutic efficacy of the proposed treatment protocol was proved with 83.3%, which was confirmed by the results of rectal and ultrasound examination of the uterus. Accordingly, after synchronization of sexual hunting, 10 cows were successfully inseminated, as evidenced by calving on the 30th day. The following examples of manifestations of uterine abscess in cows, clearly demonstrate the need for timely diagnosis and rational treatment of postpartum endometritis.
 In the future, it is planned to develop a comprehensive scheme for the prevention of postpartum pathology of cows with the use of aerosols «Yodozol» and «Tseftiozol», and to establish its therapeutic efficiency based on blood biochemical parameters.

Distribution of obstetric pathology of cows in the leading agricultural enterprises of Khmelnytsky region

There is a problem in the farms of the Khmelnytsky region of reducing the reproductive capacity of cows. Our analysis in the region showed that in the studied cows of the Native Land Branch of PJSC “Grain Products MHP” and PE “Demetra-2010” the length of the service period and the postpartum period are somewhat longer. The service period during all three lactations was smaller in cows of the Branch “Native land” of PJSC “Grain product MHP” by 11.9 days for animals of PE “Demetra-2010”, the average period indicator was 169.3 ± 65.04 and 181.2 ± 31.11 days, respectively. In a retrospective analysis which was conducted by us in the leading farms of the Khmelnytsky region, it was found that the share of obstetric diseases in the structure of non-communicable cow pathology was 21.9 % in the Branch “Native Territory” of PJSC “Zernoproduct MHP” and 22.5 % in PE “Demetra 2010”. At the diagnostic stage of obstetric examination, the spread of obstetric pathology in cows during periods of dryness, calving and post-calving was analyzed. In the period of dryness, there were 8.1 % (7.5–9.9 %) cases of sedimentation, 3.9 % (2.3–4.5 %) udder edema. In the course of the farm surveys, the pathological course of childbirth was recorded in 3360 animals, accounting for 54 % of the total number of surveyed and 88.5 % of feral animals. Namely, in 1417 cows (22.8 %) observed pathology of the third stage of childbirth (delay of litter), in 963 cows (15.5 %) observed weakness of the generic activity. In 723 cows (11.6 %), birth trauma was reported. Postpartum complications in the cows surveyed in the Khmelnytsky region were observed postpartum sepsis (0.3 %), infected wounds after caesarean section (0.2 %) and vulva (0.1 %) postpartum vulva-vaginitis (7.1 %), subinvolution uterus (11.2 %) and endometritis (21.6 %). It was found that cows of the dry period were diagnosed with subclinical mastitis, which fluctuated within 13.3 %, respectively. Whereas clinical mastitis in the dry season on average on farms sick 7.4 % of animals. Prospective in the study of the etiology of metabolic and obstetric diseases will be the study of individual indicators of quality and safety of feed, clinical and laboratory studies of pathology of the reproductive system, which will become the basis for early diagnosis of these diseases.

Monitoring of obstetric pathology of cows in agricultural enterprises of Rivne region

In recent years, there has been a problem of low reproductive capacity of cows in the farms of Rivne region. A retrospective analysis conducted by us in the region showed that 57.0% of dairy farms in the region have to be re-inseminated over several sexual cycles. In this case, 53.0% of cows are fertilized after 150–180 days after calving and give 3500–4000 kg of milk per year. The enterprises have a prolonged service period, which is 130–140 days. There is a shortage of calves, namely their output per 100 cows is 65,0–70,0. In addition, farms keep a large number of cows with poor feed conversion efficiency. An example is the situation in the farms of LLC SGP “them. Volovikova” of Goschansky District, FG “Mriya”, SE “Belokrynitske” of Rivne District, PSP “Ukraine” of Dubrovytskyi District, where 8765 cows that were bred from November to February 2016-18 were subjected to obstetric dispensation, namely: the service period was 148–154 days, and the yield of calves per 100 cows was 70.0–76.0. At the diagnostic stage of obstetric examination, the spread of obstetric pathology in cows during periods of dryness, calving and post-calving was analyzed. In the period of dryness, there were cases of subsidence to childbirth 5.2% (1.7–17.0%), udder edema 4.6% (2.4–13.8%, and subclinical mastitis 6.8%. Metabolic disorders include diseases such as ketosis 3.5% (0.8–12.0%) and fatty liver syndrome 5.7% (5.0–7.0) In the cows of FG “Mriya” the level of ketone bodies was at the level of 2.0 ± 0.04 mmol/l. In the course of the farm surveys, the pathological course of childbirth was recorded in 1431 cases, representing 16.3% of the total number of surveyed and 25.9% of feral animals. In addition, 534 cows (6.1%) experienced mechanical damage and trauma to the vulva and vagina mucosa. 426 cows (4.9%) noted further development of postpartum vulvо-vaginitis and erosion of the genital organs. In 1777 cows (20.2%) cases of postpartum paresis were recorded, of which the largest share was 27.8% in FG “Mriya”. In the cows of the farms studied, the most common form of mastitis was subclinical, which was found in 3.1% – 42.0% of cows. The clinical form accounted for 38.0% of diagnoses. In FG “Mriya” of the Rivne region, the subclinical form of mastitis was recorded most in cows post-otelny period – up to 40.0%, whereas in dry period – 11.0% of cases. PSP “Ukraine” practically did not diagnose the clinical form of mastitis. Prospective in the study of the etiology of metabolic and obstetric diseases will be the study of individual indicators of quality and safety of feed, clinical and laboratory studies of pathology of the reproductive system, which will become the basis for early diagnosis of these diseases.

PSVI-27 Kidney damage in cows with steatosis

Abstract Steatosis is an often detected pathology in cows. Due to hypertension, the load on the urinary system increases, which is accompanied by kidney damage. Often in cows with steatosis, necritis, pyelitis and kidney dystrophy are detected at autopsy. The goal of this study was to determine the characteristic features of kidney damage in cows with steatosis and to identify alterations in blood biochemistry. In 2018, a histological study was carried out on 7 samples of cow liver and kidneys with signs of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). Observed pathological changes in the liver in the form of fatty degeneration, as well as a decrease in the content of glycogen in hepatocytes were recorded. The livers had a girder structure, moderately full. The sinusoids of the liver and Disse space were moderately dilated. Portal tracts had a typical histological structure; hepatic triads, represented by an interlobular artery, vein, and bile duct, were detected in the stroma. Schiff-iodic acid by MacManus stain showed decrease or absence of glycogen in the samples. The use of the same staining protocol showed positive staining of the reticular fibers of the interstitial kidney tissue. In the kidneys, hyaline droplet epithelium of the tubule, accumulation of hyaline-like substance in the spaces between the capsule and the vascular glomerulus, and development of fibrosing interstitial glomerulonephritis were noted. Biochemical analysis of blood showed normal levels of creatinine (68.5±2.7 μmol/L), and urea (6.6±0.3 mmol/L), and reduced concentration of albumin to 23.2±0.9%. Liver function parameters were elevated: total bilirubin (28.1±1.9 μmol/L), total protein (89.3±3.4 g/L), gamma-glutamyltransferase (131.9±18.0 IU/L). Urine analysis demonstrated proteinuria and hematuria.

Зв’язок вмісту біохімічних показників крові у корів та нетелей із патологією родів

The main essential factor in obtaining a sufficient number of viable litters is the prevention of pregnancy and childbirth pathology in cows. It is known that birth is a complex physiological process, which requires the coordinated activity of virtually all organs and systems of the body. This, in turn, requires a positive energy balance and clear neuro-humoral regulation. The guarantee of the latter is full feeding, which includes optimal mineral supply of cows during the dry period, childbirth and postpartum period. The aim of research was to link the lack of balance of microelements and pathology of the second and third stages of parturition of cows. To develop prognostic tests for the signification of birth pathology on the basis of the interconnection between micro- and microelement imbalances and some biochemical indices of cow blood. In the first phase of research we have formed 2 groups of cows and 2 groups of heifers. All animals were of Simmental breed. The first group of cows - 16 heads, aged 5 years, weighing 550 ± 50 kg, afterwards had pathological parturitions, the second group of cows - 27 heads were the same age and had the same weight. Heifers were two years old, weighing about 400 ± 27,5 kg. Groups of heifers were formed in the same way: 1 group (5 heads) had further pathological parturition, 2 group (7 heads) - were physiologically calved. 2-4 days before the expected delivery, all animals were sampled from the tail vein and blood serum. Blood plasma (to study the content of micro- and macronutrients) was selected in a syringe with heparin as an anticoagulant ohm. In the second stage of the research, the obtained data were analyzed and test was developed to predict pathological birth in cows and heifers. According to the research, the content of zinc in the group, with observed pathological birth was at the level of 70,27 ± 4,81 µg %, which is significantly lower than in the group of cows, that afterwards had a physiological course of parturition. A similar trend was observed for us regarding iron content. The enzymatic activity of the liver should also be taken into account. Thus, in the group with further pathological parturition, in the period of late dryness, the creatinine level was significantly increased – 125,81 ± 5.06 versus 109,62 ± 3.21 μmol /l (P <0,01), AST - 106,0 ± 8,72 U/l  77,67 ± 7,48 U/l (P <0,01). However, the ALT, on the contrary, was lower in the first group 16,81 ± 1,42 U/l than in the second group 20,86 ± 1,39 U/l (P <0,05). That is why the Deritis Index in the first group was by 1,8 times higher than in the second group. Particular attention, in our opinion, deserves the indicators of calcium, phosphorus and their ratio We have found that the calcium in the serum of animals in group 1 was by 1,38 times lower than in group 2, where the level of this mineral was within the physiological norm . Regarding the level of phosphorus, we have not established significant differences in its concentration in the blood of both groups. However, their ratio was significantly different and amounted to 1,08 ± 0,11 in group 1, 1,37 ± 0,07 in group  2 (P˂ 0,03 ). Also it should be marked the significant difference in lipoprotein levels in the serum of cows. Thus, in the 1st group this indicator was at the level of 1259,13 ± 78,7 mg%, in the 2nd group – 866,95 ± 56,21 mg% (Р˂ 0,001 ).&nbsp

Метод профилактики акушерско-гинекологической патологии у коров

Метод профилактики акушерско-гинекологической патологии у коров

Ефективність аерозольного внутрішньоматкового препарату «Метразол-біо» при ендометриті у корів

In the study of obstetric-gynecological pathology in cows of experimental farms, it was determined that endometritis is 28,2% in the overall structure of the diseases. The peak disease incidence of cows is recorded at the end of the winter (standstill) period (32,2%), the lowest percentage of registered pathologies - the end of the summer-pasturing period (2,7%), which is due to inobservance with sanitary-hygienic maintenance requirements (feeding, exercise, insolation). A new scheme of treatment of endometritis with the use of the drug «Metrazol-bio» is proposed, which includes chlorhexidine bichluconate, dexpanthenol and Taurian worm's essential oil, a combination of which has a synergistic effect. It was established that intrauterine application of the aerosol preparation «Metrazol-bio» in combination with subcutaneous injections of the proparanil-containing uterotonical drug «Uterodevu» reduces the treatment period by 4 days, shows reduction of the service period by 18,57±6 days and reduces the index of insemination of cows at 0,4 times as compared with control animals receiving conventional therapy: «Chlorhexidine bigliuconate 0,05%» and the hormonal drug «Oxytocin». The increase in hemoglobin content was noted at 17,9%, the number of red blood cells – 38,1%, and the reduction of leukocytes – 29,8% in blood, compared with the traditional method of treatment. Further research will be aimed at the clinical trial of the drug «Metrazol-bio» in the treatment of cervicitis and vaginitis of cows.

Влив препарату «Фос-Бевіт» на вміст холестеролу та концентрацію сечової кислоти в організмі корів та перебіг у них післяотельного періоду

The tendency of spreading postnatal complications of dairy herd in modern conditions requires the use of new tools and prevention schemes obstetric pathology in cows. The aim of the study was to explore the impact of the preparation «Fos-Bevit» on cholesterol content and the concentration of uric acid in the organism of cows and the course of their postnatal period. The experiment conducted in LLC «Agroprodservice-Invest» of Kozivskyi district, Ternopil region on cows of Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle breed. In order to design the scheme of the preparation usage with immunostimulating properties we used «Fos-Bevit» – a complex preparation of production of LLC SPC «Brovafarma» based on butafosfan and three group B vitamins (nicotinamide, folic acid, cyanocobalamin), which apply to cattle metabolic disorders, vitamin deficiency, as a stimulant and a tonic preparation to boost the body's resistance to diseases of various etiologies, improving the growth and development. Having used the preparation «Fos-Bevit» intramuscular in dose of 0,3 ml/10 kg of body mass for 1.5 day after calving in the blood of cows increases the cholesterol content by 10.69% (P ≤ 0.05) and decreases by 14.27% (P ≤ 0.05) the concentration of uric acid, which contributes to the activation of the body's antioxidant system and metabolism. The preparation «Fos-Bevit» positively influence the after born period that can be observed the decrease of service period by 75 days (Р ≤ 0,01) and decrease of the index of insemination for 0.4 item in comparison with cows of the control group in which subclinical endometritis and mastitis were diagnosed. The preparation «Fos-Bevit» is recommended for including into the technological scheme of prophylaxis of afterbirth diseases in cows.