Поліморфізм систем білків крові та його значення у репродуктивній функції корів української чорно-рябої молочної породи

Abstract

Goal. To assess the reproductive capacity of livestock, to determine in the blood serum polymorphic systems of protein macromolecules and enzymes, and to establish their relationship with indicators of reproductive function, resistance to obstetric and gynecological pathology in cows. To study the options for using molecular genetic analysis of cattle to identify immunogenetic markers to theoretically substantiate their use for the formation of highly productive and resistant to obstetric and gynecological pathology of dairy cows. Methods. The study was conducted in “Dairy Rivers, Ltd.” on 75 cows of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed (Western intra-breed type) aged 5-9 years, live weight 550-600 kg. Obstetric and gynecological examination of cows was performed according to the method elaborated by M. Kosenko et al. (2005). Criteria for assessing the reproductive function of cows were as follows: duration of pregnancy, time of the first insemination after calving, service period, insemination index; fertility after the first insemination, all fertilized (total number of fertilized animals during the study period), the birth of twins. Results. The material selected for genetic and biochemical studies (blood samples from 75 cows) contained the following polymorphic protein systems: post-albumins, transferrins, haptoglobin, and isoforms of enzymes: catalase, peroxidase, and succinate oxide dismutase. The genetic frequency of alleles of polymorphic systems of proteins and serum enzymes was determined using the Hardy–Weinberg formula. The frequency of allele A of the transferrin locus in cows is lower, and that one of allele D is higher by 0.11 units. This indicates that the genetic frequency of the studied polymorphic systems of proteins and serum enzymes of cows in different herds is not the same. Conclusions. In cows-homozygotes and cows-heterozygotes tested for catalase isoforms, no significant difference in the studied indicators of reproductive function was found, because the phenotypes of isoforms of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase during their separation in polyacrylamide gel were monomorphic. The birth of twins was observed in K-AA homozygotes.