Sexual Pathology Research Articles

A Systematic Review of Metabolic Syndrome: Key Correlated Pathologies and Non-Invasive Diagnostic Approaches.

Background and Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a condition marked by a complex array of physiological, biochemical, and metabolic abnormalities, including central obesity, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia (characterized by elevated triglycerides and reduced levels of high-density lipoproteins). The pathogenesis develops from the accumulation of lipid droplets in the hepatocyte (steatosis). This accumulation, in genetically predisposed subjects and with other external stimuli (intestinal dysbiosis, high caloric diet, physical inactivity, stress), activates the production of pro-inflammatory molecules, alter autophagy, and turn on the activity of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), provoking the low grade chronic inflammation and the fibrosis. This syndrome is associated with a significantly increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), vascular, renal, pneumologic, rheumatological, sexual, cutaneous syndromes and overall mortality, with the risk rising five- to seven-fold for T2DM, three-fold for CVD, and one and a half-fold for all-cause mortality. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine metabolic syndrome as a "systemic disease" and its interaction with major internal medicine conditions such as CVD, diabetes, renal failure, and respiratory failure. It is essential for internal medicine practitioners to approach this widespread condition in a "holistic" rather than a fragmented manner, particularly in Western countries. Additionally, it is important to be aware of the non-invasive tools available for assessing this condition. Materials and Methods: We conducted an exhaustive search on PubMed up to July 2024, focusing on terms related to metabolic syndrome and other pathologies (heart, Lung (COPD, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, OSAS) and kidney failure, vascular, rheumatological (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis), endocrinological, sexual pathologies and neoplastic risks. The review was managed in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Finally, we selected 300 studies (233 papers for the first search strategy and 67 for the second one). Our review included studies that provided insights into metabolic syndrome and non-invasive techniques for evaluating liver fibrosis and steatosis. Studies that were not conducted on humans, were published in languages other than English, or did not assess changes related to heart failure were excluded. Results: The findings revealed a clear correlation between metabolic syndrome and all the pathologies above described, indicating that non-invasive assessments of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis could potentially serve as markers for the severity and progression of the diseases. Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome is a multisystem disorder that impacts organs beyond the liver and disrupts the functioning of various organs. Notably, it is linked to a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Non-invasive assessments of hepatic fibrosis and fibrosis allow clinicians to evaluate cardiovascular risk. Additionally, the ability to assess liver steatosis may open new diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic avenues for managing metabolic syndrome and its complications, particularly cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death in these patients.

Locked Doors and Fondled Doorknobs: Gothic Domesticity and Deviant Sexuality of 1950s America in Shirley Jackson’s The Haunting of Hill House

Abstract: Shirley Jackson’s fame during her lifetime as a writer of both Gothic horror stories and domestic humor for mainstream women’s publications demonstrates her use of Gothic conventions to illuminate the quotidian horrors of women in the American midcentury. Her work uniquely foregrounds the nation’s preoccupation with normativity, deviance, and female sexuality in the 1950s. Jackson’s novel The Haunting of Hill House (1959) resists the binaries of normative/deviant or normal/monstrous by demonstrating how perversity lies not in the Gothic sensuality of Hill House bur rather within narratives of female sexual license in mainstream American society. The sexual pathologies and liberations of Eleanor Vance position the house itself as the agent of transgressive female sexuality, exploring the liminal normativity/deviance of the erotics of touch to rewrite master narratives about the coalescing intimacy and authority upon which the family home’s stability depends.

Prospect of using schema therapy in working with sex offenders.

The search for effective methods of treating sex offenders is essential in order to reduce the risk of their subsequent sexual offences. This article presents Jeffrey Young's concept of Schema Therapy with a discussion on the appropriateness of its use in the treatment of those who engage in problematic sexual behaviour directed against sexual freedom. Such behaviours are prohibited by law and are connected to committing crimes set out in Chapter XXV of the Penal Code (including rape, exploitation of helplessness, abuse of dependence relation, sexual act with a minor under 15 years of age). The article presents the main assumptions of schema therapy. Then, with reference to the main assumptions of this therapeutic approach, a theoretical model of schema therapy in the context of violent sexual behaviour is proposed and discussed. The authors also attempted to analyze the mechanism of formation and perpetuation of deviant criminal behaviors in the context of key constructs of this approach, such as: early maladaptive schemas, schema modes, and coping styles. As Schema Therapy has proven to be effective in treating chronic personality aspects of disorders, often underlying the sexual pathology of the sex offenders, this approach seems to be a promising trend for such a difficult population of people.

The Jew’s penis: circumcision and sexual pathology in eighteenth-century England

This essay explores the contradictory, prejudicial attitudes towards circumcision and Jewish male sexuality circulating in eighteenth-century English print culture. I argue that while Jewish men had long been accused of...

Viešas reikalas? Bylos dėl impotencijos XVII–XVIII a. Vilniaus ir Žemaitijos katalikų konsistorijose

Matter of Public Concern? Impotence-Related Cases in the Catholic Consistories of Vilnius and Samogitia in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Since the time of Paul the Apostle, Christians regarded marriage as a medium in which a couple’s legitimate offspring are born and which prevents the risk of fornication (Lat. fornicatio). With the development of canon law, the concept of conjugal debt (Lat. debitum conjugale) was defined in the middle of the twelfth century, which stated that upon marrying, a man and a woman undertook to have sexual relations with each other. At the same time, theologians and canonists debated about the essential condition for marriage: whether it was consent (Lat. consensus) or consummation of marriage via sexual intercourse (Lat. consummatio). In this context, various sexual pathologies that interfered with a couple’s sexual life were treated not only as a medical but also as a legal problem affecting the continuity and validity of marriage. In Catholic canon law, the terms used to refer to the sexual disorders causing difficulties in marriage were “impotence” (Lat. impotentia) or “frigidity” (Lat. frigiditas). These terms, although not gendered, were nevertheless most often used to describe men’s physiological problems. In the ninth century, impotence was divided into natural, permanent, and temporary, the latter thought to be caused by magic (Lat. maleficium). The decisions of the popes collected in Decretales (Liber Extra) of Pope Gregory IX, the most important collection of medieval canon law, defined modus operandi of the Church in dealing with impotence-related cases. Only permanent impotence could become legal grounds for declaring a marriage null and void; if the disorder was temporary, the couple had to live together for three years and attempt to consummate marriage. The very nature of the condition had to be proven by a specialist examination or a witness testimony, and in this respect, the impotence-related cases were rather a definitive example of institutional intervention in a seemingly very private sphere. In the Catholic consistories of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, impotencerelated cases were perhaps the rarest category of all marital litigation. In the surviving sources of the seventeenth-eighteenth-century ecclesiastical courts, it was possible to find data on ten such cases, of which seven were examined. Due to the scarcity and chronological inconsistency of the data drawing generalising conclusions is problematic, nonetheless, it is possible to observe certain trends and to reveal aspects that are relevant from the point of view of micro-history. All bar one of the cases involved male impotence, and five out of seven resulted in the decisions declaring the marriages null and void. The analysis of case materials clearly reveals an aspect of publicity characteristic of this type of cases that had evolved in canon law since the Middle Ages, namely, third-party inspections. It was the expert insights of women or doctors that had a decisive influence on the decisions on whether to annul the marriage or to order the spouses to stay in it. This rather unwanted limelight may have precluded many of the cases from ever reaching the courts. Keywords: Impotence, ecclesiastical courts, Catholic Church, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, canon law.

Pedophilia: social, legal and medical aspects

Sexual abuse against children causes a real public response that supports active discussions on the problem of sexual actions against minors both in the legislation, where new legal norms are proposed to regulate and prevent such offensive behavior, and in the medical community, since in some cases the mechanisms of such offenses are associated with specific forms of mental pathology. The aim of this article was the evaluation of the medical, legal and social aspects associated with pedophilia and its role in criminal sexual behavior. Materials and methods. This review included the most influential works in the field of sexology and sexual pathology, official materials of the World Health Organization and the American Psychiatric Association, legal and medical statistical reports. In the result this review reveals the place of pedophilia in mental disorders, the necessity of taking into account current data on the prevalence of abnormal sexual interests in population for work with it, as well as the importance of considering sexual crimes against minors in a broader context, the need to develop psychotherapeutic and preventive approaches.

Premature Ejaculation and Its Association with Serum Testosterone Levels: A Comprehensive Review

Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common form of male sexual dysfunction. Various hormonal and nutritional deficiencies have been implicated in PE, although conflicting data exist. We sought to determine if androgen levels, particularly testosterone, correlate with PE. A comprehensive narrative review was performed by using PubMed. Exclusion criteria included review articles and articles addressing nonandrogenic hormones. Sixty articles met our inclusion criteria and 165 were excluded. Relatively high testosterone levels were associated with PE, including men with specific medical histories (e.g., emotional trauma and infertility). On a molecular level, increased trinucleotide CAG repeats within the androgen receptor gene contributed to the relationship between high testosterone and PE. Elevated fetal androgen exposure was also linked to increased risk of PE, although the data were contradictory. In addition, although not explicitly related to high testosterone, lowering testosterone via various interventions was associated with PE improvement. Conversely, relatively low testosterone was also associated with increased risk of PE, especially when increasing testosterone through medical or surgical treatments helped alleviate PE in both human- and animal-based models. Finally, numerous studies showed no association between testosterone levels and PE, including in patients with normal or low testosterone, concurrent sexual pathologies (e.g., infertility and chronic prostatitis), comorbid chronic diseases, or various nutritional deficiencies or toxicities. The association between testosterone and PE remains controversial. Relatively high and low testosterone both appear to be associated with PE, although strong evidence exists that PE is not affected by testosterone levels. Thus, the physiologic mechanism behind PE is multifactorial and cannot be attributed solely to testosterone levels.

The State of Forensic Literature on Persons with Intellectual Disability Who Sexually Offend.

Persons with intellectual disability charged with sexual crimes (PWID/SC) pose a unique challenge for the forensic psychiatrist. They represent a heterogeneous group whose motivations and pathology range from a simple lack of adaptive functioning to more complex comorbid paraphilic disorders. Although there is a growing body of literature on the risk assessment and treatment of PWID/SC, there is a relative lack of guidance and research on the evaluation of these individuals throughout the legal processes that follow being charged with a sexual crime. To address this deficit, this article reviews the literature germane to several key aspects of this process. We first review the current understanding of intellectual disability and sexual pathology. We identify landmark legal decisions that may relate to PWID/SC. We then review the literature related to PWID/SC and competency assessments, defenses involving mental disease or impairment, sexually violent predator evaluations and court-mandated pharmacotherapy. We aim to both bring attention to this unique forensic population and highlight areas for further research and exploration.

Immunohistochemical detection of chlamydia trachomatis in sexually transmitted infectious proctitis

IntroductionSince 2003, a progressive increase in sexually transmitted infections (STI), presented as proctitis, has been described in homosexual men. In 2013 Arnold et al. described microscopic features that enable pathologists to formulate a histological diagnosis of STI related proctitis. The aim of this study is to identify the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis by immunohistochemistry in a group of patients with male to male sexual activity and pathology compatible with STI proctitis.MethodsCross-sectional study. The study included 54 patients with risky sexual activity and histopathology compatible with STI-proctitis according to Arnold´s recommendations. The Chlamydia trachomatis identification was carried out retrospectively on paraffin blocks using mouse monoclonal antibodies from Santa Cruz biotechnology.Resultsall patients were young men with male to male sexual activity, 69% were positive for HIV. The most common endoscopic presentation was rectal ulcer (61%). Basal lymphoplasmacytic inflammation and mild crypt distortion were the most common histological findings. The immunohistochemical study identified positivity for Chlamydia trachomatis in 40% (18 of 45 tested) of STI proctitis cases.DiscussionThe epidemiological and endoscopic characteristics of the patients studied are similar to those previously reported. In accordance with Arnold et al., the most common histological findings were (a) mild distortion of the crypts; (b) dense and basal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and (c) scarcity of eosinophils. The positivity of chlamydia trachomatis in immunohistochemistry was lower than others studies that used PCR for this purpose. We did not find similar published studies to compare our results.ConclusionsIn summary, 54 cases of patients with STI related proctitis are presented, all of them with distinctive histological characteristics and third of the cases tested positive by IHC for Chlamydia trachomatis.

Introduction: In memoriam: bell hooks, 1952–2021

Introduction: In memoriam: bell hooks, 1952–2021

Hematospermia and Its Sexual Ramifications: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT Introduction Hematospermia (HS) is the presence of blood in ejaculatory fluid. It is a rare, usually benign condition associated with various etiologies and treatments. Though a source of great anxiety for patients, no comprehensive review exists on the sexual ramifications of HS. Objective To determine HS effects on sexual wellbeing, with emphasis on original research. Methods A systematic review of HS was performed via PubMed (Figure 1). The following search terminology was used: “(hemospermia OR hematospermia) AND (sexual OR libido OR anxiety OR infertility OR cryopreservation OR erectile dysfunction).” Articles were assessed for sexual health-related implications, such as emotional disturbances, changes in sexual activity, hindered sexual response cycles, pain associated with intercourse, altered fertility, and sexual infections. Results Thirty-eight articles met our inclusion criteria while 111 were excluded. The effect of HS on sexual health proved multifaceted. Anxiety is known to compromise sexual health. Two articles reported that anxiety following transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy had a positive correlation with duration of HS. Additionally, in both studies, 50% of patients reported decreased sexual activity due to HS. A similar study showed that patients with substantial prostatic calculi had greater HS after biopsy as well as significantly increased anxiety compared to those with no prostatic calcifications. Patients with underlying comorbidities experienced sexual complications from HS. One study described a man who developed HS due to hypertensive emergency. In response to his HS, sexual partners ostracized him and family members believed he was divinely cursed. Another article described 3 patients with congenital bleeding disorders (e.g., hemophilia A, prothrombin deficiency, von Willebrand disease) who required episodes of sexual abstinence due to HS. HS was associated with blood during parts of the sexual response cycle. Two studies showed urethrorrhagia occurred after sexual excitation in those with HS and urethral hemangiomas. Likewise, four articles revealed HS and post-coital hematuria, sometimes with severe bleeding after ejaculation, in patients with urethral hemangiomas, previous coital trauma, or seminal vesicle cysts (SVC.) Of note, another study demonstrated patients with SVC experienced HS and post-ejaculatory pain. In certain populations, HS indicated increased risk of sexual pathologies. One study illustrated patients with HS and chronic prostatitis had 4-fold increased risk of erectile dysfunction (ED) compared to those without HS. Sixteen articles showed that HS was associated with infertility (IF) in various circumstances, including anatomic genitourinary pathologies (e.g., SVC, prostatic cysts, Mullerian duct cysts, ejaculatory duct stones, vas deferens injuries, varicoceles), herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection with low seminal volume, hydroxyurea treatment of essential thrombocythemia, leukospermia, Zinner syndrome, and isolated follicle-stimulating hormone deficiency. Furthermore, two studies revealed HS was related to temporarily altered semen quality after shockwave lithotripsy. In 7 articles, patients with HS had infections that could be sexually transmitted, including HSV, Chlamydia, enterococcus, Ureaplasma, Schistosoma, and Zika virus. Conclusions Sexual effects of HS included increased anxiety, exacerbated comorbidities, bleeding during sexual response cycle, ED, IF, and increased risk of sexual infections. Further research is needed to better understand causality in addition to associations of HS on sexual wellbeing. Disclosure No

Trade: Sexual Identity, Ambiguity, and Literacy Normativity

This article explicates trade as a fierce literacy by critically engaging with literacy narratives of Black queer people who meet with heterosexual men for sexual encounters. I focus on the “trade” knowledges and ways of knowing of Black gay men and transwomen at Harlem Pride 2017. Informed by the literacy work of Eric Darnell Pritchard, I argue that the participants deliberately engaged in corrective literacy practices that speak back to dominant sexual pathologies about straight Black men (and men in general). It is this ability to read and share against dominant scripts that I see as a fierce literacy. Their responses and narratives complicate heteronormative understandings of sexuality based on orientation. Trade is a term used in the larger gay culture that has existed since the late 1800s (predating down low, which I touch on below) but has particular traction in the Black queer community. Building on the works of other scholars (Johnson “Snap!”; McCune; Bailey), I found that my participants’ responses were in line with a larger discussion in the Black queer community about straight Black men who engage in queer sexual acts. Specifically, the participants told stories or literacy narratives to offer a queer-counter narrative, or an on-the-spot oppositional read of heterosexual men and heterosexuality more largely. I critically engage three ideas: (1) trade as a literacy, (2) “the truth about straight men,” and (3) “sex is more than tops and bottoms.”

Narratives of the Brazilian homosexual movement on the health of gays and lesbians.

This study analyzes narratives of health produced by representatives of gay and lesbian groups. The analysis seeks to contribute to a shift from the pathologization of non-heteronormative sexuality towards ensuring comprehensive gay and lesbian health care that takes into account the specific needs of these groups beyond HIV/AIDS. We conducted a qualitative study using narrative inquiry and drawing on previous narrative studies analyzing social movements. The results highlight collective homosexual identities and the plurality of gay and lesbian health. It is concluded that the narratives shift between the association between AIDS and homosexuality and the demarcation of differences between gay and lesbian health, leading to new demands that make these groups protagonists or supporting actors in health promotion.

Clinical and psychopathological characteristics of sexual dysfunctions and non-psychotic mental disorders in women

Aim. Study of clinical and psychopathological characteristics in women with sexual dysfunctions and mental disorders of the psychotic level.
 Material and methods. Clinical-psychopathological and sexological methods were used in the work. The results were processed using the licensed program Statistica 10.0 for Windows. At the first stage, 134 women (mean age 43.115.3 years) were examined who had inpatient treatment in the department for persons with non-psychotic mental disorders. At the second stage, the study involved 89 women (mean age 35.212.2 years), who were diagnosed with sexual dysfunctions.
 Results. Clinical and psychopathological indicators were studied, clinical, psychopathological and sexological analysis of sexual dysfunctions in women with non-psychotic mental disorders was carried out, taking into account the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Diseases-10. Three groups of patients were identified: (1) a group of women with sexual dysfunctions caused by non-psychotic mental disorders; (2) a group of patients in whom non-psychotic mental disorders were formed against the background of primary sexual pathology; (3) a group of patients in whom non-psychotic mental disorders accompany sexual dysfunctions.
 Conclusions. Sexual disorders in the studied groups are characterized by the predominance of libido disorder in the first group and the second group, as well as the predominance of dyspareunia in the third. There were no significant differences in the duration of sexual dysfunctions in the groups, which must be taken into account when choosing therapeutic and rehabilitation measures.

Influence of Radioactive Background on an Idiopathic Form of Infertility Incidence in Men from Different Regions of Ukraine

There are 143 men (group I) with idiopathic infertility in the form of asthenozoospermia of the II degree living in the territories of the Kiev region (Poles’ky, Chernobylsky, Ivan’kovsky, Borodyansky, Vyshgorodsky districts) were investigated in the Department of Sexual Pathology and Andrology of the SI «Institute of Urology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» and exposed to ionizing radiation due to the Chernobyl accident in 1986. All individuals in the I group were born from parents who were in the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station in the area of radioactive contamination and permanently resided in areas with a high level of radioactivity. The control group was made up of persons born and living in the Ivano-Frankivsk region with a similar condition (group II, n=57). The mean age of the studied group I was 28,3±2,4 years, and persons of the II group were 30,1±2,8 years. Diagnosis of II was performed ambulatory in accordance with WHO and Ministry of Health of Ukraine standards. The study was to study and compare spermogram parameters in patients from both groups.
 It has been established that the reproductive problems of men with idiopathic infertility living in radiation-polluted areas of the Kiev region of Ukraine consist in a significant violation of the quality indicators of ejaculate (mobility by the pool A+B is less than 1,6 times, p<0,05) correlating with modifications of physicochemicals (the average time of liquefaction is 1,4 times greater, p<0,05) and biochemical (decrease of levels of fructose by 2,2 times, citrate – by 1,6 times, p<0,01–0,05) data characterizing the effect of ionizing radiation, as one one of the leading factors of male genital function violation. The study found that the level of general indicators of spermogramm is significantly worse in the regions of Ukraine who were exposed to radioactive contamination due to the Chernobyl accident, in contrast to the indicators of persons from conditionally pure regions.

Sexual Dysfunction in Men Who Have Sex With Men.

Historically, sexual health research has focused on men who have sex with women (MSW) and most research examining the sexual health of men who have sex with men (MSM) has focused on HIV transmission. Despite a high prevalence of sexual health disorders among MSM, there is limited research that has evaluated the diversity of sexual issues in these patients. The purpose of this review is to describe the unique sexual behaviors, concerns, and dysfunctions of MSM by evaluating the literature on sexual health in this specific patient population. A PubMed literature search was conducted through December 2020 to identify all relevant publications related to the sexual health, sexual practices, and sexual dysfunction of MSM. Original research, review articles, and meta-analyses were reviewed, including comparisons of sexual behavior and dysfunction between MSM and non-MSM populations and between gay/bisexual men and heterosexual men. Approximately 150 relevant articles were reviewed and 100 were included in the manuscript. Minority stress can lead to an increase in high-risk sexual behavior, sexual dysfunction, and mental health disorders in MSM. MSM engage in a variety of sexual behaviors, which can lead to differences in sexual dysfunction, such as anodyspareunia during receptive anal intercourse. MSM have higher rates of erectile dysfunction than non-MSM counterparts. MSM have unique activators of sexual pathologies, such as insertive anal intercourse for Peyronie's disease. Prostate cancer treatment may cause MSM to change sexual roles and practices following treatment due to ED, anodyspareunia, or decrease in pleasure from receptive anal intercourse after prostatectomy. MSM have been neglected from sexual medicine research, which translates to disparities in health care. Further research that focuses on the MSM population is necessary to better educate healthcare practitioners so that MSM patients can receive adequate care that is tailored to their specific needs. Cheng PJ, Sexual Dysfunction in Men Who Have Sex With Men. Sex Med Rev 2022;10:130-141.

Nárcisszusz tükre : Az incesztus rétegei Webster Amalfi hercegnőjében

Renaissance English plays feature an abundance of sexual pathologies, depicted both with poetic finesse and medical precision. (No wonder Virginia Woolf considered these authors the first psychoanalysts of the world.) This paper conducts a more in-depth examination of one of these dramatized medical case studies (Ferdinand from John Webster’s The Duchess of Malfi.)

Application of Botulinum Neurotoxin in Male Sexual Dysfunction: Where Are We Now?

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is a recognized therapeutic agent of modern medical care, routinely used to treat medical conditions affecting a variety of organ systems including the musculoskeletal, integumentary, and urological domains. Ongoing research is exploring BoNT's potential role as a therapeutic agent for a variety of male sexual pathologies. To review and analyze the literature regarding BoNT as a treatment option for male sexual dysfunction. A PubMed search was performed for English-language articles in peer-reviewed journals between 1970 and 2019 (with one article from 1897). Relevant articles referenced within these texts were also included. One article did not have an accompanied English full-text available. The following search terms were used: "Botox", "Botulinum toxin", "Botulinum toxin A", "Onabotulinum A", "Abobutlinum A", "BoNT", "BoNT-A", "Male sexual health", "Male sexual pathology", "Peyronie's disease", "Premature ejaculation", "Scrotal Pain", "Penile Retraction", "Scrotox", "Erectile Dysfunction", and "Botox in Urology". There is interest in the potential role of BoNT in the treatment of male sexual pathologies. We identified studies that used BoNT to treat chronic scrotal content pain, premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, Peyronie's disease, penile retraction, and more. However, despite preclinical/clinical data indicating some potential efficacy and safety in these settings, a lack of robust clinical trial data has resulted in no current Food and Drug Administration-approved indications for the use of BoNT in the treatment of male sexual pathology. As a result, much of the current use of BoNT by today's providers is "off-label," and ongoing clinical trials aim to further elucidate the potential role of this therapeutic agent. Current data suggest that BoNT could have a potential role as a treatment option for certain types of male sexual pathologies. However, more randomized controlled trial data regarding its long-term safety and efficacy are necessary before a widespread clinical adoption can take place. Reddy AG, Dick BP, Natale C, etal. Application of Botulinum Neurotoxin in Male Sexual Dysfunction: Where Are We Now?. J Sex Med 2021;9:320-330.

Hofmannsthal: Jahrbuch zur europäischen Moderne 25 ed. by Maximilian Bergengruen et al.

Reviewed by: Hofmannsthal: Jahrbuch zur europäischen Moderne 25 ed. by Maximilian Bergengruen et al. Raymond L. Burt Maximilian Bergengruen, Alexander Honold, Gerhard Neumann, Ursula Renner, Günter Schnitzler, and Gotthart Wunberg, eds., Hofmannsthal: Jahrbuch zur europäischen Moderne 25. Freiburg: Rombach Verlag, 2017. 306 pp. Since 1968 the Hugo von Hofmannsthal Gesellschaft has had an active publication record to support the promotion of Hofmannsthal studies, beginning with the Hofmannsthal-Blätter, which focused on unpublished sources on the poet’s life and work and adding in 1971 a companion series, Hofmannsthal-Forschungen, that presented findings of scholars delivered at conferences or addressing specified topics. In 1993, these two publications were merged under the title of Hofmannsthal: Jahrbuch zur europäischen Moderne; the resultant periodical expanded its scope to place the poet’s life and work within the wider context of European Modernism. For its twenty-fifth year, the editors have selected seven contributions that add perspective to the life and works of Frank Wedekind, Rainer Maria Rilke, Marcel Proust, Karl Kraus and Arthur Schnitzler (as well as, of course, Hofmannsthal). Such collections may often be mined by scholars in search of a particular author or topic, whereas others may read the book in its entirety for insight into contemporary research with its variety of approaches and interpretive methodologies. In this volume, some of the articles proceed logically and methodically, and others surprise the reader with the creative twists and turns they take through their unexpected connections. The opening article by Klaus Bohnenkamp falls among the former and constitutes almost half of the pages dedicated to articles. His “‘Wir haben diesen Dichter geliebt . . .’: Hugo von Hofmannsthal und Eduard Korrodi: Briefe und Dokumente” delivers a meticulously researched investigation of the interaction of the Austrian poet with Korrodi, a Swiss journalist and the longtime editor of the [End Page 123] Neue Zürcher Zeitung. Bohnenkamp tracks every reference to Hoffmannsthal in Korrodi’s writings from 1917 to Hofmannsthal’s death in 1929. He follows Korrodi’s comments on publications from the Hofmannthal’s papers, with special attention to the novel fragment Andreas. Also included are Korrodi’s critique of Hofmannsthal’s works published in anthologies and performances of Hofmannsthal’s plays on in the German-language stage up to 1952. The essay is followed by the printing of the existent correspondence between Hofmannsthal and Korrodi and ends with Korrodi’s Nachruf of Hofmannsthal from 1929. Another example is “Selbstsucht und Selbstsuche: Schnitzlers Psychopoetik des Narzissmus,” in which Michael Navratil postulates that a general, dominant tendency can be drawn out of Schnitzler’s works revealing the defining role of narcissism in the psychological profile of his protagonists. To illustrate his thesis, Navratil ends the essay with an interpretation of Schnitzler’s “Die Frau des Richters.” In order to show the influence of Ecclesiastes on Hofmannsthal’s writings, Heinz Rölleke uses parallel textual comparisons in his “Hofmannsthal und das alttestamentarische Buch ‘Kohelet’” to great effect. Beginning with the indirect influence on the opening lines of Jedermann, he proceeds to a detailed analysis of Hofmannthal’s “Ballade des äußeren Lebens” in which he shows the unfiltered inspiration it draws from this most enigmatic book of wisdom in the biblical canon. Inspiration of a different sort of book on literature is taken up by Daniel Hilpert in his contribution, “‘Mein Fleisch heißt Lulu’: Eugenik und Sexualpathologie in Frank Wedekinds ‘Die Büchse der Pandora. Eine Monstretragödie.’” The book in question is Richard von Krafft-Ebing’s Psychopathia Sexualis (1886). Hilpert places Wedekind’s literary production within the cultural context of the late nineteenth century, in which deviance in sexuality, race, and art were seen by many as a sign of a cultural collapse. The scientific discussion about eugenics inspired Wedekind to bring the themes of sexual pathology and eugenics into literature. Wedekind is dealing not only with the character of Lulu but with the construction of the entire plot by using Krafft-Ebing’s descriptions of sexual pathology as the narrative framework. On the artistic end of the spectrum, Johannes Ungelenk’s contribution, “Rainer Maria Rilkes ‘Die Flamingos’: Ein Kling(-ge-)ding,” starts with the traditional genre analysis of this sonnet as...

Symptoms of sexual dysfunction in men with chronic patient patial syndrome / chronic prostatit of III type and depression

Introduction. With CPPS / CP III, symptoms of sexual dysfunction and mental pathology are often simultaneously detected.Goal. Analysis of sexual dysfunction in patients with CPPS / CP IIIA, CPPS / CP IIIB and the existing affective pathology, comparing these groups of patients with CPAP / CP IIIA and IIIB with each other.Materials and methods. 65 men with type III CPAP / CP were examined, 41 patients were included, which comprised 2 comparison groups: 12 patients with CPPS / CP IIIA (group 1) and 29 patients with CPPS / CP IIIB - group 2. All patients did not have testosterone abnormalities, did not respond to standard urological therapy. Diagnosis of mental disorder and sexual dysfunction was established clinico-psychopathologically, the «International Index of Erectile Dysfunction» (ICEF) scale was applied; the severity of the pain was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS). Statistical calculations were performed in the R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, version 3.2.Results. Patients of both groups were diagnosed with a primary depressive episode in the 1st comparison group - 75%, in the 2nd comparison group in 80%; depressive episode within the recurrent (recurrent) depressive disorder - in the 1 group 25%, in the 2 group 7%, in the bipolar affective disorder only in the 1 group - 7%; 1 obsessive-compulsive disorder (Table 1) was diagnosed in 1 patient (3%) in the 2nd group. In both groups, moderate episodes of moderate severity predominated-92% in group 1 and 62% in group 2; Depressive episodes of mild degree were 8% in 1 group and 28% in 2 comparison groups; A severe depressive episode was observed only in the 2nd comparison group at 7%. Erectile dysfunction was detected in 75% of patients in group 1, 93% in patients in group 2, premature ejaculation in group 1 in 58%, in group 2 in 45% of patients, reduction in libido in group 1 in 92%, in group 2 in 100%, pain during the ejaculation in group 1 was presented by 33%, in the 2nd group in 28% of men.Discussion and conclusions. Erectile dysfunction and decreased libido prevailed in patients of both comparison groups, were observed against the background of depressive episodes and, possibly, can be regarded as symptoms of disruption of vital functions within the atypical depressive syndrome of depressive disorders in both groups. ED, decreased libido (sexual desire, desire and attraction), premature ejaculation, general dissatisfaction with sexual intercourse were observed in both groups of patients with CPPS / CP III against a background of depressive episodes, comparing the frequency of occurrence of symptoms of sexual dysfunction does not reveal significant differences in the compared groups. It is advisable to further study the symptoms of sexual dysfunction in CPPS / CP III and psychopathology, their development in the length of the disease, and the relationship for the development of comprehensive CPPS / CP III therapy.