Pathological Course Of Pregnancy Research Articles

PERINATAL PATHOLOGY AS A RISK FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN CHILDREN

The aim of the study: to study the perinatal history of children with bronchial asthma depending on the concomitant neurological symptoms. Material and methods of the study: A total of 103 children with moderate bronchial asthma in remission were examined, with an average age of 7.2±1.2 years. The children were divided into 2 groups: the main group, which included 72 children with bronchial asthma and late consequences of perinatal CNS damage, and a comparison group consisting of 31 children with bronchial asthma without concomitant neurological disorders. Results: Based on the data obtained, it was found that perinatal lesions of the central nervous system significantly affect the further development and course of bronchial asthma in children. A burdened heredity for allergic diseases in patients with bronchial asthma against the background of late consequences of perinatal lesions of the central nervous system (the main group) was significantly less common (30.6%; n=22) than in the comparison group - in 67.7% (n=21) of cases. In the main group, the mothers' pregnancies proceeded with some complications (100% of cases), while in the comparison group, only a quarter of the observations revealed a pathological course of pregnancy in mothers, which is undoubtedly a predisposing factor in the formation of perinatal damage to the central nervous system in the main group. KEY WORDS: bronchial asthma, consequences, perinatal damage, central nervous system, neurological symptoms, perinatal history, risk factors, Apgar scale

Prognostic factors for the development of obstetric and perinatal pathology in pregnant women under conditions of iodine deficiency

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), iodine deficiency is the main cause of mental retardation in children, and at the same time, it significantly affects the pathological course of pregnancy and childbirth. The problem is complicated by the fact that more than 100.000 children with cretinism are born annually in the world. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in endemic thyroid diseases in Ukraine, the main cause of which is insufficient iodine consumption. Iodine deficiency conditions are aggravated by socio‑economic, ecological and radiological factors, while at the same time mass and group iodine prophylaxis is carried out improperly on the state level. Objective. To determine prognostic factors for the development of obstetric and perinatal pathology in pregnant women under conditions of iodine deficiency. Materials and methods. To compile a diagnostic table of prognostic factors of the threat of miscarriage, the analysis has been performed of 185 cases of threatened abortion (111 in the first trimester, 56 in the second, 18 in the third) and 223 control observations (without the threat of miscarriage). A diagnosis was considered as confirmed if it was established using all applicable methods of examination of pregnant women. Results. The risk factors of the occurrence of perinatal pathology include hypothyroxinemia (DC=–2.5) and ioduria in pregnant women less than 100 mg/l (DC=–1.9). In the intranatal period, a negative impact is exerted by the lack of coordination and weakness of labor activity (DC=–8.1). Levels of thyroid‑stimulating hormone (TSH) in umbilical cord blood >10 mIU/ml (DC=–4.6) are the prognostically favorable factors for the postnatal adaptation of the newborn, especially TSH levels >20 mIU/ml (DC=–8.3). Conduction of iodine prophylaxis (DC=7.7) and ioduria in pregnant women 200—400 mg/l (DC=5.1) contribute to the improvement of perinatal outcomes. Conclusions. A retrospective review of the prognostic significance of the diagnostic table in 188 patients with diffuse nontoxic goiter revealed its sensitivity (76%) and specificity (68%). On the basis of the conducted research, we established risk factors for the development of obstetric and perinatal complications, and assessed their informativeness. The developed algorithm is represented by a diagnostic table for the prediction of complications of pregnancy, childbirth and adverse perinatal outcomes in women with endemic thyropathies.

Medical and social justification of the model of early detection and prevention of the pathological course of pregnancy in obstetric practice

Medical and social justification of the model of early detection and prevention of the pathological course of pregnancy in obstetric practice

Rational approaches to therapy for combined urogenital infections in married couples

The purpose of the study. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of antiviral therapy in urogenital infection caused by the herpes simplex virus in combination with human papillomavirus (HSV‑1, -2 and HPV) in couples with impaired reproductive function.Materials and methods. The study included 149 married couples with complaints about the absence or pathological course of pregnancy with termination in the first trimester. Urogenital infection caused by the herpes simplex virus was detected in 80 couples. A combination with human papillomavirus was detected in 36 cases. The effectiveness of antiviral therapy was evaluated.Results. After the first course of treatment with the use of an antiherpetic drug in 80 couples who had manifestations of active herpes infection, pregnancy and the birth of a healthy child were registered in 44 cases (55%). Combination therapy with acyclovir or valacyclovir and inosine pranobex was required, which led to a positive dynamic of indicators in case of a combined infection. The onset and normal course of pregnancy were registered after treatment in 33% of couples in this group.Conclusions. A possible cause of reproductive dysfunction with the absence or termination of pregnancy in the early stages may be a urogenital infection caused by HSV types 1, 2. In most cases, antiviral therapy promotes the birth of a healthy child. The ineffectiveness of therapy may be associated with the simultaneous presence of two or more infectious significant agents. For the treatment of couples who have an active persistence of HSV‑1, -2 in combination with HPV, the appointment of inosine pranobex in combination with acyclovir or valacyclovir is recommended.

Генетичні особливості у хворих з депресивним розладом

Genetic features in patients with depressive disorder have been determined based on the references and own research. Hereditary burden of mental illnesses was recorded in 66.0 % of families; accumulation of mental disorders in various categories of relatives of probands was revealed. The following negative exogenic and endogenic factors have been determined: stress and pernicious habits in parents, pathological course of pregnancy and childbirth in mothers, birth of a child with distress syndrome, stress at patient’s home and in educational institution, undernutrition and pernicious habits of the patient, childhood infectious diseases, etc. The level of spontaneous mutagenesis in vitro was twice the level of induced mutagenesis that indicates pronounced individual and group latent chromosomal instability of patients.

Iron deficiency conditions prediction and prevention in children

The relevance of iron deficiency issues is due to the high frequency and tendency to steady growth, affecting the quality of life of the population. Pregnant, lactating women and young children are at high risk of developing iron deficiency conditions. Among pregnant women, a direct correlation was found between iron deficiency in the early stages of gestation and the pathological course of pregnancy and childbirth, lower indicators of physical, psychomotor development of children. Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study of 248 mother-child pairs was conducted. Pregnant, lactating women: the main group-women who received iron preparations during registration-106 persons, the comparison group-those who did not receive iron preparations-142. Inclusion criteria: absence of exacerbation of chronic pathology, allergic reactions, gastrointestinal pathology, infectious diseases. The women were examined at the end of the 3rd trimester and the postpartum period. Catamnestic observation was carried out for 248 children born to pregnant women. All children were observed with the informed consent of their parents. The duration of observation was up to a year. The children of the main group (106) and the comparison group (142) were singled out. Children of the main group on natural feeding (98) were divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup - 47 children whose mothers received iron preparations during lactation, the second subgroup - 51 children whose mothers did not receive iron subsidies. An assessment of the somatic status, a general clinical examination was carried out. Results and Discussion.Based on the data obtained using the statistical method of analysis, it was found that iron deficiency in the antenatal period significantly increased the frequency of premature birth, caused a deficiency of birth weight, heart disease, and led to a high frequency of viral infections in pregnant women. In newborns, from mothers who did not receive the iron preparation, a high frequency of latent iron deficiency (LID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was noted. Newborns from the comparison group, according to the results of laboratory diagnostics, were treated with LID and IDA, however, lower indicators of physical development, NPR remained until 6 months. In the postnatal period, there was a direct correlation between the prophylactic intake of iron preparations by a nursing mother and the occurrence of latent iron deficiency and IDA in a child. Conclusion. The data obtained allow us to speak about the high effectiveness of preventive iron supplementation by a pregnant and lactating woman, to reduce the risk of pathological pregnancy and childbirth, affecting the indicators of physical and neuropsychic development (NPD) of a newborn and an infant. Even with the timely elimination of iron deficiency in a newborn, the delay in physical and NPR is noted up to 6 months. The analysis of the effect of iron deficiency in pregnant and nursing mothers on the course of the antenatal period, childbirth and the state of the child’s health dictates the need for prevention from the standpoint of a personalized approach.

Залізодефіцитна анемія під час вагітності та наслідки, пов'язані з нею

Анотація: у статті узагальнено аргументи та контраргументи в рамках наукової дискусії щодо питання механізмів розвитку залізодефіцитної анемії. Основна мета цього дослідження це узагальнення інформації про вплив залізодефіцитної анемії під час вагітності та наслідків, пов’язаних з нею. Завдяки детальному вивченню літературних джерел, їхній систематизації та підходів до вирішення проблеми, було виявлено, що антенатальна анемія є фактором ризику материнської та перинатальної смертності, передчасних пологів, новонароджених з низькою масою тіла та післяпологових кровотеч. Анемія матері також може бути пов’язана з поганими результатами розвитку нервової системи дитини. Останні досягнення системного та плацентарного гомеостазу заліза можуть покращити терапевтичну ефективність шляхом зміни дози та частоти перорального прийому заліза. А внутрішньовенне введення заліза є безпечним засобом для швидкої корекції анемії матері. Актуальність дослідження даної патології полягає в тому, що вона багато в чому визначає перинатальну та материнську захворюваність. Однак, на сьогодні немає чіткого уявлення про особливості молекулярних та судинних механізмів залізодефіцитної анемії, тому це призводить до суперечностей у лікуванні таких вагітних жінок, що перешкоджає своєчасному, адекватному лікуванню та профілактиці. У дослідженні були використані методи бібліографічного та контент-аналізу літератури, семантичного групування, а також порівняльного підходу та синтезу відносно питань нових досліджень по особливостям механізмів розвитку залізодефіцитної анемії, гомеостазу заліза та поточних визначень ЗДА під час вагітності, несприятливі наслідки для матері та новонародженого, пов’язані з анемією, а також останні рекомендації щодо лікування ЗДА під час вагітності та післяпологового періоду. Офіційні документи, знайдені на веб-сайтах, були проаналізовані, а відповідна інформація згрупована та порівняна. В статті представлено результати досліджень, які засвідчили, що залізо відіграє ключову роль у нормальному і патологічному перебігу вагітності та впливає на розвиток новонародженого. Поглинання і метаболізм заліза суворо регулюються, і повне вивчення метаболізму заліза під час вагітності представляє інтерес для запобігання ускладнень у матері та плода. У цій роботі підкреслюється необхідність раннього виявлення дефіциту заліза. Крім того, є важливим лікувати дефіцит для забезпечення оптимального розвитку новонароджених. Наразі такі заходи, як пероральне або внутрішньовенне введення заліза, схоже, не працюють у масштабах, необхідних для досягнення цілей ВООЗ знизити поширеність анемії у жінок репродуктивного віку на 50%. Частково це може бути пов’язано з невизначеністю щодо того, як найкраще досліджувати, запобігати та лікувати материнську анемію. Розвиток нашого розуміння фізіології заліза привів до можливості значного покращення шляхом зміни стратегії дозування перорального заліза. Нові лабораторні показники заліза, такі як гепсидин, можуть в кінцевому підсумку допомогти керувати терапією дефіциту заліза, але нещодавнє дослідження не виявило жодної переваги від використання підходу скринінгу та лікування на основі гепсидину в порівнянні з рекомендованою схемою ВООЗ. Тому необхідні подальші дослідження щодо результатів, орієнтованих на пацієнта та економічної ефективності. Результати проведеного дослідження можуть бути корисними для лікарів первинної ланки, гінекологів, терапевтів.

Bioresource collection of biosamples from pregnant women at different gestational ages for the search for early biomarkers of pregnancy complications and potential for its use in research

Aim. Clinical and anamnestic characterization of the bioresource collection of biosamples from pregnant women at different gestational ages.Material and methods. Preparation of biosamples of various biomaterial types for long-term storage; static analysis of clinical and anamnestic characteristics of women whose samples are included in the collection.Results. As of September 1, 2022, the collection consists of 16625 biosamples of various biomaterial types from 355 pregnant women. The clinical and anamnestic characteristics of women, samples of which are presented in the collection, are presented.Conclusion. The resulting high-quality biosamples can be used in various basic and applied research to study both the physiological and pathological course of pregnancy. Particularly promising is the possibility of searching for the earliest biomarkers of gestational complications before the onset of obstetric complications. In this regard, it is important to have complete clinical and anamnestic data on biosamples of the collection in order to expand the possibilities of its use and improve the quality of ongoing research.

Inflammation-Related Molecules at the Maternal-Fetal Interface during Pregnancy and in Pathologically Altered Endometrium.

The blastocyst expresses paternally derived alloantigens and induces inflammation during implantation. However, it is necessary for the onset of pregnancy. An abnormal response might result in a pathological course of pregnancy or pregnancy failure. On the other hand, a state of maternal immune tolerance is necessary to ensure the normal development of pregnancy by suppressing inflammatory processes. This article discusses recognized mechanisms and the significance of inflammatory processes for embryo implantation and pregnancy establishment. We would also like to present disorders involving excessive inflammatory response and their influence on events occurring during embryo implantation. The chain of correlation between the processes responsible for embryo implantation and the subsequent physiological course of pregnancy is complicated. Many of those interrelationships are still yet to be discovered. Undoubtedly, their recognition will give hope to infertile couples for the emergence of new treatments that will increase the chance of giving birth to a healthy child.

Vascular Malperfusion – As a Morphological Pattern of Preeclampsia

Introduction. The system « mother-placenta-fetus » is in a complex functional balance, and dysfunction of any of the components can compromise others. The placenta plays an important role in the development of preeclampsia, since preeclampsia can occur in the absence of a fetus, but in the presence of a trophoblast. In this regard, the study of morphological placental patterns in preeclampsia can give an idea of preeclampsia as a pathology in general, as well as its relationship with hypoxic damage to the fetus.
 Aim. Identification of morphological patterns of placental lesions associated with preeclampsia.
 Materials and methods. A retrospective morphological study of 355 placentas sent for histological examination in the period from 2015 to 2020 was carried out. During the analyzed period, 184 placentas from pregnancies with an established diagnosis of preeclampsia and 171 placentas from pregnancies with a physiological course were studied.
 Results. It has been established that preeclampsia is associated with a smaller mass, size and height of the placenta. As morphological patterns associated with preeclampsia, such histological signs of maternal vascular malperfusion, such as infarcts, arterial atherosclerosis, etc., were identified.
 Conclusions. The heterogeneity of clinical and histological signs associated with both the physiological and pathological course of pregnancy reflects the different gestational age of the onset of the disease and the stage of development of the adaptive capabilities of the placenta. Identification of morphological patterns associated with hypoxic damage to the fetus allows us to identify a group of newborns with a high risk of chronic hypoxic damage in the perinatal period and to stratify the risk group in the postnatal period in order to reduce infant morbidity and mortality.

The interplay of hormonal and infectious factors in the pathogenesis of complicated pregnancy

Introduction. The causes for adverse pregnancy outcomes are usually complex and, in some cases, can worsen each other.Aim. To assess the role and establish the interplay of hormonal and infectious factors in the pathological course of pregnancy in women with threatened spontaneous miscarriage.Materials and methods. A total 120 pregnant women were enrolled for the observational prospective study, in which they were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 included 32 patients with threatened spontaneous miscarriage and hyperandrogenism (HA), who received glucocorticosteroids (GCS); group 2 included 28 patients with threatened spontaneous miscarriage and HA, who did not receive GCS; group 3 included 30 patients with threatened spontaneous miscarriage without HA; group 4 (control) included 30 women with a physiological course of pregnancy. The following examination methods were used: clinical assessment of the course of pregnancy; measurement of the serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and total testosterone at weeks 5 to 8, 9 to 12, 13 to 18, 19 to 24 and 25 to 32 of gestation; microbiological tests of vaginal discharge.Results. The evaluation of androgenic status showed that the levels of the tested hormonal parameters in women with HA significantly exceeded those of the control group, while the changes in 17-OHP and testosterone secretion was comparable to that in women without HA, and DHEA-S level decreased to control values by the third trimester. The use of corticosteroids was associated with significant changes in the values and secretion levels of 17-OHP and DHEA-S, but not testosterone; DHEA-S levels decreased to the values that were significantly lower as compared to all groups in the third trimester of pregnancy.Conclusions. Vaginal infections play an important role in the genesis of gestational failures. Hyperandrogenism exacerbates the problem of miscarriage, however, the use of corticosteroids does not result in improved hormonal characteristics and clinical pregnancy outcomes, deteriorating the vaginal biocenosis.

ANALYSIS OF THE THYROID STATUS OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN THE IODINE-DEFICIENT REGION

Thyroid hormones play an important role during pregnancy, providing organogenesis, growth and development of the fetus, teach in the formation and development of the brain and its structure, influencing cognitive abilities. Thyroid dysfunction is associated with the pathological course of pregnancy and childbirth, as well as a negative effect on the fetus. Iodine deficiency, which persists throughout Uzbekistan, creates prerequisites for more frequent development of subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia of pregnant women. Therefore, early detection of thyroid dysfunction during gestation in regions of iodine deficiency is relevant. Chronic iodine deficiency leads to a wide range of pathology, united by the term "iodine deficiency diseases" (IDD). In addition to diseases of the thyroid gland (thyroid gland), IDZ involve pathological conditions suspended by a relative deficiency of thyroid hormones: violation of reproductive function, miscarriage of pregnancy, emerging anomalies and stillbirths, replacement of growth and development of the child, as well as cognitive disorders. Therefore, iodine deficiency is most dangerous at the stage of intrauterine development of the child and in early childhood due to the great importance of thyroid hormones in the formation of the structure of the brain and the development of intelligence. Reminders of mild iodine deficiency in the regions leads to a decrease in mental abilities, mental health disorders and a weakening of the physical development of the child.

The current state of the problem of pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of varicose disease in obstetrics

The article provides an overview of modern Ukrainian and foreign publications on the etiopathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of varicose disease (VD) during pregnancy. The issues of the prevalence of VD in pregnant women, the peculiarities of the venous system in the physiological and pathological course of pregnancy, modern views on the mechanisms of venous hemodynamic disturbance and its influence on the state of the fetoplacental complex are considered. Attention is paid to the local activation of the hemostasis system in case of damage to the endothelium in the presence of venous hypertension under the influence of activated neutrophilic granulocytes and monocytes. The analysis of extragenital pathology in pregnant women with VD was carried out. The role of connective tissue dysplasia in the genesis of VD and the necessity for timely diagnosis and prevention of complications of pregnancy and the development of placental disorders in women with VD, and for the determination of the endothelial dysfunction markers were established. The emphasis is made on the role of the state of the reproductive system and chronic foci of vaginal and cervical infection in the progression of VD and obstetric complications, which is explained by the development of oxidative stress and tissue hypoxia and deterioration of preimplantation conditions and a promising scenario for gestation. The modern classification of VD by morphological changes in the venous bed and the consequences of phlebohemodynamic disorders and the clinical class of lower extremity vein disease used in obstetric practice are presented. The main directions of diagnostics and conservative treatment of pregnant women with VD in Ukraine (compression therapy, systemic pharmacotherapy and local topical therapy) according to the international standards are presented. The attention is paid to the special effect of diosmin on the reduction of the symptoms of VD and endothelial dysfunction in the presence of immune-inflammatory damage of the endothelium and vein walls on the background of oxidative stress. This effect is confirmed by the improvement in the state of the intrauterine fetus and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with placental disorders.

Biochemical criteria for the development mechanisms of various reproduction disorders in dairy cows

Abstract. Ventsova I, Safonov V. 2021. Biochemical criteria for the development mechanisms of various reproduction disorders in dairy cows. Biodiversitas 22: 4997-5002. The article presents the evaluation of peroxide, antioxidant, and hormonal conditions of high-producing red-and-white dairy cows in the physiological and pathological course of pregnancy and the postpartum period. The blood concentration of malonic dialdehyde, stable nitric oxide metabolites, S-nitrosothiols, vitamins E and C, carotin, gonadal, corticosteroid, and thyroid hormones, as well as activity of GPx, GR, SOD, catalase, and ceruloplasmin, were estimated to define major disorder-provoking factors. Analysis of the data shows that ketosis-gestosis syndrome during pregnancy, postpartum metritis, and gonadal dysfunction occur mainly because of oxidative stress in the context of unbalanced peroxide responses and antioxidant protection. Levels of malonic dialdehyde compared to healthy animals increased by 42.3%, 75%, 56.6%, respectively, as also enzyme activities of GR by 26%, 68.1%, 30.1% and catalase by 17.3%, 45.1%, and 23.9%, correspondingly. The endocrine status indicators in the animals with ketosis-gestosis syndrome changed as follows: progesterone levels were 29.5% lower in cows, 17?-estradiol and cortisol were 20.8% and 14.7% lower, respectively. In animals with inflammatory uterine diseases and depressing reproductive glands, progesterone level was 2 and 3 times lower than in healthy animals, the content of cortisol was 17.6% and 25.1% lower, and testosterone decreased by 21.4% and 75.1%, respectively.

Clinical and Prognostic Value of Vascular Wall Elasticity in Pregnant Women with Arterial Hypertension: A Review

In recent years, the attention of many researchers around the world has been focused on studying the risks associated with the development of the pathological course of pregnancy in women with arterial hypertension (AH). The pathogenesis of gestational complications is complex and is largely associated with endothelial dysfunction, changes in the structure and properties of the vascular wall and a decrease in its elasticity. At the same time, at the present stage, a high prognostic value of the assessment of vascular elasticity in the development of cardiovascular disasters in patients with hypertension in the general population has been proved. In order to predict the risk of gestational complications early, it is promising to study the state of elasticity of the vascular wall, which will optimize the management of pregnancy and improve perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with hypertension. The literature search was carried out by keywords using the Scopus, Web of Science, Cyber Leninka, RSCI (Russian Science Citation Index) systems.

Analysis of the thyroid status of pregnant women in the region of mild iodine deficiency

Introduction. Thyroid hormones play an important role during pregnancy, providing organogenesis, growth and development of the fetus, participate in the formation and development of the brain and its structures, affecting cognitive abilities. Thyroid dysfunction is associated with the pathological course of pregnancy and childbirth, as well as a negative effect on the fetus. Iodine deficiency, which persists throughout Russia, creates the preconditions for the more frequent development of subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia in pregnant women. Therefore, early detection of thyroid dysfunction during gestation in the region of iodine deficiency is relevant.Aim. To assess the thyroid status in pregnant women in the region of iodine deficiency.Materials and methods. A single-center, prospective, one-sample study was performed in a population of pregnant women registered from June 2019 to December 2019 to the antenatal clinic in Tyumen.Results. According to the results of biomedical monitoring of iodine deficiency in the population of pregnant women in Tyumen, iodine supply improved, as evidenced by the median concentration of ioduria 154.4 μg / l, the frequency of endemic goiter was 0.37%. Continuous screening of women in the 1st trimester of pregnancy without thyroid pathology revealed subclinical hypothyroidism in 21.5% of pregnant women, carriage of antibodies to thyroperoxidase was found in 10.5% of women.Conclusions. Given the persisting problem of iodine deficiency, the widespread occurrence of subclinical hypothyroidism in the population of pregnant women, it is necessary to include the study of thyroid status in the standard of examination of pregnant women when registering in an antenatal clinic for early diagnosis and timely treatment of hypothyroidism. It is also recommended to continue preventive measures aimed at replenishing the iodine deficiency starting from the stage of pregravid preparation.

To the Question of the Role of the Maternal Factor in Neonatal Dacryocystitis

Purpose. To study the characteristics of neonatal dacryocystitis, taking into account the state of health of their mothers and its possible impact on the development of neonatal dacryocystitis. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 724 outpatient medical records and case histories of children with neonatal dacryocystitis (868 eyes) and an assessment of the health status of their mothers were carried out. Results. It was found that children with neonatal dacryocystitis had concomitant somatic pathology in 11.6% of cases and congenital eye pathology in 2.3%. Among the somatic pathology, there were diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, disorders of the musculoskeletal system and lesions of the central nervous system, as well as other unexplained diseases. The burdened heredity according to neonatal dacryocystitis was found in 23.5% of children. Mothers of children with neonatal dacryocystitis suffered from somatic diseases in 14.4% of cases and gynecological pathology in 8.5% of cases. Sexually transmitted diseases were in 19.5% of mothers. Influenza or acute respiratory viral infection in the first trimester of pregnancy was suffered by 65.9% of mothers of children with DN. The pathological course of the first trimester of pregnancy was observed in 74.7% of mothers. Conclusion. The frequency of somatic, gynecological diseases, genital infections, influenza or acute respiratory viral infections during pregnancy, the pathological course of pregnancy in mothers of children with neonatal dacryocystitis, and somatic diseases in newborns, in addition to inflammation of the lacrimal sac, suggest the presence of the so-called, “maternal factor” – maternal health, contributing to the development, along with neonatal dacryocystitis, pathological clinical conditions due to possible intrauterine infection of the fetus, which corresponds to the infectious-inflammatory theory of development of neonatal dacryocystitis. Key words: children, maternal factor, inflammation of the lacrimal sac, neonatal dacryocystitis.

Evaluation of histochemical and molecular markers in the placenta of sows during pregnancy complicated by isoimmunization

It is known that the pathological course of pregnancy is associated with a disturbance in the interdependent “mother-fetus” complex and leads to specific clinical consequences at the molecular-cellular, tissue, organ, organismal and population levels of organization. In case of violation of placentation (placental barrier), a state of immune conflict occurs, characterized by an antigen-antibody reaction, carried out through the placenta (in relation to the fetus), or through colostrum after birth (in relation to the newborn offspring). Therefore, immunological relations at the population level should be considered both the consequences of the action of the maternal organism’s antigens on the fetus, and the effects of the allogeneic action of the fetus on the mother’s body. According to the results of the experiment, the placentas of 10 sows of Large White breed were used as the material, which showed signs of isoimmunization to the resulting offspring. For histological examination, immediately after delivery, pieces of placenta up to 0.5 cm thick were selected, which were fixed in a 10% aqueous solution of neutral formalin. The fixed material after wiring through alcohols of increasing concentration, xylene, xylene-paraffin, was poured into paraffin. The obtained preparations were stained with conventional methods-hematoxylin and eosin. d (fibrinoid masses).

To the question of the role of environmental and hereditary factors in the formation of hypomenstrual syndrome in girls

Aim. To study environmental factors and heredity in families of girls with hypomenstrual syndrome. Methods. Clinical and genealogical analysis was conducted in 66 families of girls with hypomenstrual syndrome (HMS) in the Laboratory of Medical Genetics of the Institute for Children and Adolescents Health Care at the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. The data were analyzed statistically using Excel and SPSS Statistics 17.0 programs. Results. Based on the clinical and genealogical analysis conducted in families of sick girls, negative environmental factors (mother's bad habits before pregnancy, pathological course of pregnancy and Caesarean section for medical reasons in mothers of girls; stress of girls at educational institution, Internet addiction etc.) have been determined. Family accumulation of gynecological (non inflammatory) and endocrine diseases has been established. Conclusions. Negative environmental factors and hereditary burden concerning gynecological pathology in 59.1 % of families have been set, and transfer of pathological signs was likely more frequently observed by the maternal line (79.2 %) than by paternal line (8.3 %) and both lines simultaneously (12.5 %). The incidence of gynecological diseases in 5.7 times, and endocrine – in 1.8 times exceeded their frequency in relatives of healthy girls.
 Keywords: girls, hypomenstrual syndrome, genealogical, environmental factors and heredity.

Cyclooxygenase 2 as a Marker of Early Pregnancy Loss in Cytomegalovirus Infection

Background. Increased expression of cyclooxygenase 2 in the placenta plays a significant role in the formation of placental disorders in the pathological course of pregnancy. It was shown that a high level of expression of cyclooxygenase 2 leads to excessive synthesis of prostaglandins, which stimulate the contractile activity of the uterine myometrium and trigger the abortion mechanism. An analysis of modern literature has shown a lack of data proving the involvement of cyclooxygenase 2 in the pathogenesis of early miscarriages in cytomegalovirus infection. Objective. To establish the pathogenetic role of cyclooxygenase 2 in early pregnancy in the course of miscarriage during exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection. Materials and methods. The study included 86 women with a gestational age of 8–12 weeks, of which 46 women with spontaneous abortion (O03) and exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection (main group) and 40 women with medical abortion (O04) without cytomegalovirus infection (control group). The material for the study was peripheral blood serum, urine, homogenate of the villous chorion of the placental tissue. The content of cyclooxygenase 2, the level of IgM and IgG antibodies to cytomegalovirus, low-type IgG antibodies to cytomegalovirus (avidity index) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; the content of arachidonic acid – by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. Results. During the study, women of the main group found an increase in the concentration of arachidonic acid by 59 % (p < 0.001) and the activity of the lipolytic enzyme cyclooxygenase 2 – by 58 % (p < 0.001) in the placenta villous chorion homogenate. Conclusion. With an exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection in the homogenate of the villous placenta chorion of pregnant women with spontaneous abortion, an increase in the content of arachidonic acid and the level of cyclooxygenase 2 is observed. An increased level of cyclooxygenase 2 indicates the development of pregnancy complications and can be used as a non-specific marker predictor of pregnancy termination during exacerbation of cytosis.