Path Analysis Model Research Articles

Effects of degradable and non-degradable microplastics and oxytetracycline co-exposure on soil N2O and CO2 emissions

Microplastics and antibiotics are emerging contaminants that can elicit considerable adverse effects on carbon and nitrogen cycles and greenhouse gas emissions. The effect of the combined occurrence of antibiotics and different types of microplastics on soil ecosystem is poorly understood. We investigated the effects of oxytetracycline (OTC), polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics, and polyethylene (PE) microplastics alone and in combination on plant root growth traits, soil extracellular enzymatic activity, and nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the soil. Plant root growth traits including root area, root surface area, root volume and root branches were negatively affected by all treatments; soil extracellular enzymatic activity was also negatively affected by all treatments expect for the cellobiohydrolase. The results showed that CO2 emission increased in all treatments, with a maximum increase of 505 % in the PLA treatment; however, N2O emissions increased in the OTC treatment by 44 % but decreased in all other treatments as compared to the control. Furthermore, partial least squares path modeling analysis suggested that soil extracellular enzymes significantly influenced soil N2O and CO2 emissions (P < 0.05) and had a strong correlation with root growth traits (P < 0.05). We thus concluded that changes in soil extracellular enzymatic activities and plant root growth traits, which were affected by different microplastic and antibiotic treatments, influenced soil CO2 and N2O gas emissions.

Does Perceived of Risks and Benefits Drive Customers’ Intention to Share Information in Social Media? - Moderating Role of Customer Satisfaction

Competition between companies is becoming more focused on the use of digital technology, including in marketing. Therefore, all companies need to understand all the things that can support the success of their marketing strategies, for example, encouraging free-advertising behavior by consumers in various digital media. In particular, this needs to be concerned by BRI (Bank Rakyat Indonesia), which until now is still considered slow in handling cases and customer complaints both offline and online. This study aimed to examine the influence of BRI customers’ perceived of risks and benefits on their intention to share information on social media, as well as the role of their satisfaction in this relationship. This study used a quantitative approach with a positivism paradigm. The data used was 262 data collected from BRI customers from May to August 2023 through an online survey mechanism. The data that has been collected was then analyzed using a moderation model path analysis involving control variables (age group, gender and educational level). Data analysis carried out using the SmartPLS program showed that: a) perceived of risks had a significant and negative effect towards intention to share information, both in the first and second models; b) perceived of benefits had a significant and positive effect towards intention to share information, both in the first and second models, and; c) customer satisfaction was not proven to play a moderating role in the relationship between perceived of risks and benefits toward intention to share information, both in the first and second models.

How Does Anticipated HIV Stigma Affect Medication Adherence? A Longitudinal Path Analysis Model.

Prior research has documented that anticipated HIV stigma may play an important predictive role in medication adherence among people living with HIV (PLWH). However, longitudinal data on the mechanisms underlying this linkage are scarce. The current study aimed to explore the longitudinal mediation association among anticipated HIV stigma, medication adherence support, HIV self-management, and medication adherence. A four-wave sample consisting of 1,098 Chinese PLWH (Mage = 38.63, SD = 9.20; 63.9% male) with a six-month interval was used in the current study. Participants were asked to complete self-report questionnaires. A path analysis model was analyzed. Results indicate that anticipated HIV stigma at baseline was positively related to medication adherence at Time 4 (T4). Medication adherence support at Time 2 (T2) and HIV self-management at Time 3 (T3) serially mediated the anticipated HIV stigma at Time 1 (T1) and medication adherence at T4. These findings provide critical insights into the mediating roles of medication adherence support and HIV self-management in the relationship between anticipated HIV stigma and medication adherence over time. Such an understanding has important implications for the development of tailored interventions and public health strategies aimed at improving medication adherence among PLWH in the context of HIV-related stigma.

Peanut-based intercropping systems altered soil bacterial communities, potential functions, and crop yield.

Intercropping is an efficient land use and sustainable agricultural practice widely adopted worldwide. However, how intercropping influences the structure and function of soil bacterial communities is not fully understood. Here, the effects of five cropping systems (sole sorghum, sole millet, sole peanut, sorghum/peanut intercropping, and millet/peanut intercropping) on soil bacterial community structure and function were investigated using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The results showed that integrating peanut into intercropping systems increased soil available nitrogen (AN) and total nitrogen (TN) content. The alpha diversity index, including Shannon and Chao1 indices, did not differ between the five cropping systems. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) illustrated a distinct separation in soil microbial communities among five cropping systems. Bacterial phyla, including Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi, were dominant across all cropping systems. Sorghum/peanut intercropping enhanced the relative abundance of phyla Actinobacteriota and Chloroflexi compared to the corresponding monocultures. Millet/peanut intercropping increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, and Nitrospirota. The redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that bacterial community structures were primarily shaped by soil organic carbon (SOC). The land equivalent ratio (LER) values for the two intercropping systems were all greater than one. Partial least squares path modeling analysis (PLS-PM) showed that soil bacterial community had a direct effect on yield and indirectly affected yield by altering soil properties. Our findings demonstrated that different intercropping systems formed different bacterial community structures despite sharing the same climate, reflecting changes in soil ecosystems caused by interspecific interactions. These results will provide a theoretical basis for understanding the microbial communities of peanut-based intercropping and guide agricultural practice.

Carbon Source in Tertiary Denitrification Regulates Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in Wastewater Effluent.

With global eutrophication and increasingly stringent nitrogen discharge restrictions, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) holds considerable potential to upgrade advanced wastewater denitrification because of its large contribution to low-nitrogen effluents and stronger stimulation effect for algae. Here, we show that DON from the postdenitrification systems dominates effluent eutrophication potential under different carbon sources. Methanol resulted in significantly lower DON concentrations (0.84 ± 0.03 mg/L) compared with the total nitrogen removal-preferred acetate (1.11 ± 0.02 mg/L) (p < 0.05, ANOVA). With our well-developed mathematical model (R2 = 0.867-0.958), produced DON instead of shared (persist in both influent and effluent) and/or removed DON was identified as the key component for effluent DON variation (Pearson r = 0.992, p < 0.01). The partial least-squares path modeling analysis showed that it is the microbial community (r = 0.947, p < 0.01) rather than the predicted metabolic functions (r = 0.040, p > 0.1) that affected produced DON. Carbon sources rebuild the microorganism-DON interaction by affecting the structure of microbial communities with different abilities to generate and recapture produced DON to finally regulate effluent DON. This study revalues the importance of carbon source selection and overturns the current rationality of pursuing only the total nitrogen removal efficiency by emphasizing DON.

Pengaruh Profitabilitas dan Pertumbuhan Penjualan Terhadap Harga Saham dengan Struktur Modal Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Pariwisata, Restoran, dan Hotel yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of profitability and sales growth on stock price with capital structure as an intervening variable at tourism, restaurant, and hotel sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchange. The research design used associative methods. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The total samples were 20 companies. The technique of collecting data was documentation. The techniques used were the classical assumption model test, path analysis, and t-test. The results of this study indicate that Profitability has a significant influence on capital structure. Sales growth has a significant influence on capital structure. Profitability has a significant influence on stock price. Sales growth has a significant influence on stock price. Capital structure has a significant influence on stock price. There is no influence of capital structure mediation on the indirect influence of profitability on stock price. There is no influence of capital structure mediation on the indirect influence of Sales growth on stock price.

Examining causal factors of traffic conflicts at intersections using vehicle trajectory data

Conflict severity is the outcome of complex interactions between roadway and environmental characteristics, and vehicle motion. Understanding how and to what extent a vehicle is influenced by roadway and surrounding road users during a conflict is helpful in analyzing the causal mechanisms of collisions, thus providing insights into roadway safety improvement countermeasures. This study utilized the NGSIM vehicle trajectory datasets to investigate the causal factors in conflicts at intersections by exploring roadway-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-vehicle interactions. In order to remove the outliers and white noise existing in the raw data, vehicle trajectories were reconstructed by applying discrete wavelet transform and Kalman filtering. Generalized time-to-collision was adopted to detect and measure the severity of conflicts, by which 1,127 conflict events were extracted. Path analysis models were then established to determine in exactly which ways the roadway-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-vehicle interactions were related to conflict severity. Various roadway and environmental characteristics such as traffic flow average speed, percentage of trucks, and intersection skew angle were included in the models. The results indicate that the roadway and environmental characteristics have both direct and indirect effects on conflict severity. In the indirect effects, the conflicting vehicle’s kinematics, such as the average and standard deviation of speed, play an intermediate role in linking roadway factors and conflict outcome. The framework of this study can be applied to assess roadway readiness for both human-driven and automated vehicles.

The Impacts of Technology Innovation on Customer Satisfaction, Employee and Leadership Commitment in CSR Practice

Abstract: In today’s digital economy, the Airline industries face ever-increasing innovation and social demands. This paper aims to explore the mediating impacts of technology innovation on customer satisfaction, employee commitment, and leadership commitment for the reputations of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practice evidence from Ethiopian Airlines. This study used mixed research design methods through primary data sources using structural equations and path modeling analysis. The results show that technology innovation is the most significant factor that mediates customer satisfaction and employee and leadership commitment with CSR practice. Employee commitment and customer satisfaction have also substantially impacted CSR, followed by technology innovation. Comparatively, leadership commitment is inversely and significantly associated with the mediator technology innovation. Although Ethiopia Airlines is trying to improve its CSR reputation, it must adopt more well-planned CSR, digitalization, and innovation capability. The existing airlines’ CSR efforts are reactive in nature, responding to customer, employee, and economic, legal, and philanthropic aspects rather than being proactive in transformative leadership commitment and environmental and ethical concerns. Therefore, the airline should prioritize digital technology innovation, transformative leadership, and moral and ecological CSR concerns. This will boost the airlines to treat CSR and technology innovation as the two sides of one coin.

Effects of partner involvement in nighttime child care on child and maternal sleep: a path model analysis of relationship satisfaction and maternal competence about child sleep

Effects of partner involvement in nighttime child care on child and maternal sleep: a path model analysis of relationship satisfaction and maternal competence about child sleep

Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. Cipta Mandiri Perkasa Karawang

This research aims to determine, analyze, explain the correlation and partial or simultaneous influence between Leadership and Work Environment on Employee Performance at PT. Cipta Mandiri Perkasa Karawang. This type of research is quantitative research with verification research methods. Sample at PT. Cipta Mandiri Perkasa Karawang taken by 60 respondents. The sampling technique in this research used a saturated sample technique (Non-probability sampling). The analysis tool used in this research uses SPSS 26 for MacOs software. The analysis model in this research uses a path analysis model. The research results show that there is a correlation between the independent and dependent variables of 0.861 in the Very strong category. The partial influence of leadership on employee performance at PT. Cipta Mandiri Perkasa Karawang by 40.5%. Meanwhile, the partial influence of the work environment on employee performance at PT. Cipta Mandiri Perkasa Karawang amounted to 37.7%. The simultaneous influence of leadership and work environment on employee performance is 78.2%. The influence of other variables outside the model is 21.8%. Keywords: Leadership, Work Environment, Employee Performance

Impact of uranium on antibiotic resistance in activated sludge

The emergence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in the environment is well established as a human health crisis. The impact of radioactive heavy metals on ecosystems and ultimately on human health has become a global issue, especially for the regions suffering various nuclear activities or accidents. However, whether the radionuclides can affect the fate of antibiotic resistance in bacteria remains poorly understood. Here, the dynamics of ARB, three forms of ARGs—intracellular ARGs (iARGs), adsorbed extracellular ARGs (aeARGs), and free extracellular ARGs (feARGs)—and microbial communities were investigated following exposure to uranium (U), a representative radioactive heavy metal. The results showed that 90-d of U exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations of 0.05 mg/L or 5 mg/L significantly increased the ARB concentration in activated sludge (p < 0.05). Furthermore, 90-d of U exposure slightly elevated the absolute abundance of aeARGs (except tetO) and sulfonamide iARGs, but decreased tetracycline iARGs. Regarding feARGs, the abundance of tetC, tetO, and sul1 decreased after 90-d of U stress, whereas sul2 showed the opposite trend. Partial least-squares path model analysis revealed that the abundance of aeARGs and iARGs under U stress was predominantly driven by increased cell membrane permeability/intI1 abundance and cell membrane permeability/reactive oxygen species concentration, respectively. Conversely, the changes in feARGs abundance depended on the composition of the microbial community and the expression of efflux pumps. Our findings shed light on the variations of ARGs and ARB in activated sludge under U exposure, providing a more comprehensive understanding of antibiotic resistance risks aggravated by radioactive heavy metal-containing wastewater.

Structural Equation Modeling of the Relationship between Social Stigma of Cancer and Mental Habitus of Cancer among Family Caregivers of Cancer Patients

Introduction: In societies, incorrect beliefs about cancer cause stigma and weaken the health care and patients' treatment. The purpose of this studu is to investigate the impact of cancer habitus on cancer social stigma among family caregivers of cancer patients.&#x0D; Methods: Survey method was usedand the statistical population included family caregivers of cancer patients in Tehran hospitals in 1401. Sample size included 384 people selected by convenience sampling method of multi-stage stratified type by referring to the hospitals under study. Data collection tool was the standard cancer stigma index questionnaire and the researcher-made cancer habitus questionnaire. Data were analyzed through correlation tests, mean difference, path analysis and structural equation modeling in SPSS and Amos.&#x0D; Results: According to the results, there was a relationship between cancer stigma (with dimensions of others-avoidance, self-avoidance, and being released) and cancer habitus (with dimensions of enchantment and cure-avoidance); according to the path model, habitus explains 19/6% of the variation in stigma. Moreover, enchantment and cure-avoidance had the highest and lowest contribution to explaning stigma with an impact factor of 0/29 and 0/25. The results of structural equation model test also indicated appropriate fit of the presented conceptual model (GFI=0/973, RMSEA=0/067, CFI=0/958).&#x0D; Conclusion: Caregivers of cancer patients, as the main supporters of the patient, are always influenced by incorrect cultural stereotypes of society. Identifying different dimensions of habitus (especially the aspect of enchanment), paying more attention to the aspect of being released of stigma, paying attention to the role of education and awareness in reducing false beliefs and more interaction with patients have a significant role in reducing the stigma of cancer and makes it easier for patients to bear the pain and suffering of cancer

Nonlinear Principal Component Analysis with Mixed Data Formative Indicator Models in Path Analysis

This research aims to obtain the main component score of the latent variable ability to pay, determine the strongest indicators forming the ability to pay on a mixed scale based on predetermined indicators, and model the ability to pay on time as mediated by fear of paying using path analysis. The data used is secondary data obtained through distributing questionnaires with a mixed data scale. The sampling technique used in the research was purposive sampling. The number of samples used in the research was 100 customers. The method used is nonlinear principal component analysis with path analysis modeling. The results of this research show that of the five indicators formed by the Principal Component, 74.8% of diversity or information is able to be stored, while 25.20% of diversity or other information is not stored (wasted). Credit term is the strongest indicator that forms the ability to pay variable. The variable ability to pay mortgage has a significant effect on payments by mediating the fear of being late in paying with a coefficient of determination of 73.63%.

Reading in the Digital Age: An Empirical Examination of Digital Literacy's Significance for UIN Suska Riau Students Using SEM Path Analysis

The digital literacy is likely playing a crucial role on the reading interest in this digital age. This study aimed to determine the influence of digital literacy on the reading interest of UIN Suska Riau students. The sample of this study comprised of 82 students of UIN Suska Riau and the data were collected using questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Path Analysis 3.0 and SPSS 21. The results showed that digital literacy had a significant influence on the reading interest of UIN Suska Riau students. This showed that the path coefficient value of the original sample estimate (beta) was positive at 0.471, and the direction of the relationship between both variables was in the quite strong category. The effect of digital literacy on the reading interest was also significant in the 2-way test (t table = 1.97) with a t-statistic value of 8.105, which was greater than the t table, and a p-value lower than alpha 5% (0.000 0.05). Overall, the results of this analysis proofed that the digital literacy positively related to the rading interest and it significantly influenced the reading interest.

Improving Employee Productivity Through Supervision: A Case Department of Manpower, Indramayu

In this study, the Manpower Depatment in Indramayu needs to evaluate factors that can increase the productivity of its employees, especially in providing services to the community with the aim of being able to provide excellent service to the community and participate in reducing unemployment in Indramayu, dynamically and stimulate the community to take advantage of every job opportunity, able to create jobs so as to obtain a decent income so that in the end a reliable, dynamic and independent workforce can be realized as soon as possible. The productivity of the employees of the Department of Labor in Indramayu, needs to be further reviewed in this study. This study uses a path analysis model with smartPLS software. The population of this study are employees of the Department of Manpower in Indramayu Regency. The research sample is all civil servants totaling 56 people. The research results prove that discipline and competence can affect employee supervision. Supervision is also proven to be able to increase employee productivity. Indirect influence from discipline and competence also prove capable of influencing employee productivity through supervision Department of Manpower in Indramayu. Variables that contribute the greatest supervision on work productivity.

Pengaruh Manajemen Pembelajaran Terhadap Kinerja Guru untuk Mewujudkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa

The problem that occurs in education today is that student achievement is still not optimal. The low level of learning management is thought to be the result of the lack of maximum teacher performance. This study aims to analyze learning management on teacher performance in realizing student achievement. This research method is a descriptive analysis method with survey techniques, observation and documentation studies. While the data analysis technique used to answer the research hypothesis is statistics with a path analysis model. The population and the respondents in this study are 70 teachers of SMKAl-Mukhtariyah and SMK Iqro.Based on the test, the value of Fcount is greater than Ftable, which is fcount = 2.5411&gt; Ftable = 1.997. From this value, it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, so the learning management variable (X) affects teacher performance (Y) to realize student achievement (Z) at SMK Al-Mukhtariyah and SMK Iqro Garut.

The Influence of Principal Transformation on Junior High School Teachers' Performance and Job Satisfaction

Internal and external factors influence the low performance of junior high school teachers. Private junior high school (SMP) teachers in Banjarbaru are strongly influenced by transformational leadership, work motivation, and job satisfaction, so improving teacher performance by identifying the problems they face and finding alternative solutions is necessary. The research was conducted to analyze the direct and indirect influence of the principal's transformational leadership and work motivation on performance through job satisfaction of private junior high school teachers in Banjarbaru City. The research design used in this research is descriptive, using a path analysis model (part analysis) to analyze the pattern of influence between variables. The research population was 266 teachers from 14 private junior high schools in Banjarbaru City. Moreover, 160 respondents were taken as research samples using the Probability Simple Random Sampling technique. Data collection uses questionnaire instruments, and data analysis uses descriptive analysis, classical assumption testing, hypothesis testing, and path analysis. The results of the data analysis obtained show that the regression coefficient value of the transformational leadership variable of the principal and teacher performance is 0.396, the variable job satisfaction and teacher performance is 0.365, the variable work motivation and teacher performance is 0.226, the variable principal transformational leadership and job satisfaction is 0.605, the variable work motivation and job satisfaction is 0.290, the variable transformational leadership with performance through job satisfaction is 0.137 and the variable work motivation and performance through job satisfaction is 0.073. The research results show that the level of transformational leadership of school principals, the level of job satisfaction, and the level of teacher performance in junior high schools in the city of Banjarbaru are in the medium category, while the level of work motivation is in the high category. There is a partial direct relationship between the transformational leadership of school principals, work motivation, job satisfaction, and teacher performance in private junior high schools in Banjarbaru. There is an indirect relationship between transformational leadership, work motivation, and performance through job satisfaction in private junior high schools throughout Banjarbaru City, so there is a need to increase the variables of transformational leadership, work motivation, job satisfaction, and teacher performance.

Factors influencing Chinese university EFL Students’ Adoption of Mobile Technology-Integrated Vocabulary Learning Towards SCL: An Empirical Research

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing Chinese university EFL students' adoption of mobile technology-integrated vocabulary learning towards student-centered learning (SCL). The theoretical framework extends the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) model to include the additional constructs of privacy, trust, personal innovativeness, and information quality to examine their impact on behavioral intentions ues behavior. This study uses a questionnaire survey method to conduct quantitative research. The sample was 300 EFL students from two universities in Fujian Province, China. Data were analyzed using SPSS (22.0) and AMOS (24.0) software. Structural equation modeling and regression path analysis were used to verify relationships between variables and test hypotheses. The results show that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, convenience conditions, hedonic motivation, habits, personal innovativeness and information quality have significant positive effects on EFL students' behavioral intention to adopt mobile technology-integrated vocabulary learning towards student-centered learning. Price value and privacy concerns have had significant negative impacts. Hedonic motivation, price value, privacy concerns, and information quality have become important predictors of behavioral intentions among Chinese university EFL students. This study enriches research on the acceptance and use of mobile learning technologies, providing valuable insights and effective suggestions for EFL teachers, vocabulary course designers and mobile technology developers.

Students' digital technology attitude, literacy and self-efficacy and their effect on online learning engagement

This study utilised students' online engagement, digital technology attitude, digital literacy, and self-efficacy theories to develop and test a model connecting these factors within a regional university in Australia. A field survey collected data from 110 first-year students. AMOS 28 was employed for measurement and structural model path analysis. The study initially examined the impact of students' attitudes and digital literacy on their self-efficacy. Subsequently, the effects of self-efficacy on five dimensions of online engagement were assessed: social, collaborative, cognitive, behavioural, and emotional. The findings indicated that positive student attitudes and digital literacy significantly contributed to self-efficacy, which, in turn, positively affected the engagement dimensions. This suggests that when designing and facilitating online, blended, or technology-enhanced courses in higher education, educators should pay attention to various elements of engagement. The study highlights the importance of considering students' attitudes and digital literacy in fostering self-efficacy and enhancing online learning engagements. Further research and implications for future studies are also recommended.

The relationship between the frequency of headaches associated with the personal protective equipment and its influencing factors is mediated by depression: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundTo evaluate the factors affecting personal protective equipment (PPE) associated with headaches in healthcare workers during the first hit of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China in order to provide evidence for improving the prevention and treatment of PPE-associated headaches in frontline medical personnel. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, the baseline characteristics and the prevalence of the PPE-associated headaches among frontline healthcare workers at Wuhan Taikang Hospital were objectively evaluated by means of a questionnaire survey. We obtained predictors of PPE-associated headaches frequency by multiple regression analyses. The path analysis model was applied to determine the interrelationships between the variables related to PPE-associated headaches frequency. ResultsAmong the 520 participants, 436 (83.85 %) reported PPE-associated headaches during the anti-epidemic period. Compare with non-PPE-associated headache, age, PHQ-9 score >10, nurses, and PSQI>5were statistically significant found in participants with PPE-associated headaches. Multivariable linear regression showed that the occupation(nurse), pre-existing primary headache diagnosis, headache intensity and depression were risk factors for the frequency of PPE-associated headaches. The path analysis model observed that direct effects from occupation (nurse), pre-existing primary headache diagnosis, headache intensity and depression on the frequency of PPE-associated headaches. Depression indirectly mediated the effects of headache intensity and sleep quality on headache frequency. (All P < 0.05) ConclusionThis study provided a path analysis model that illustrates the relationships between PPE-associated headaches frequency and its related factors among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is crucial to the management of PPE-associated headaches to reduce its consequences for frontline healthcare workers.