Path Analysis Model Research Articles

The Impact of Customer Intensity in Firm Performance: Tech Capabilities as A Moderating Variable

Entrepreneurial marketing “EM” is considered to be suitable for small businesses. However, since the perspective has shifted from product and sales to a market orientation, interest in the creation of customer value has grown and has been the subject of intense discussion. Thus, in this study, we aim to investigate and describe the significant relationship between Customer intensity “CI” and firm performance “FP” in SMEs operating in Khartoum-Sudan, by utilizing technological capabilities “TCPs” as a moderating variable. The resource-based view “RBV” provides the theoretical foundation for this study regarding the effect of CI on FP among TCPs. Regarding the study objective, we assumed the following hypothesis: H1: Customer intensity has a significant relationship with firm performance dimensions: {profitability, sustainability, and customer satisfaction}. H2: We assume that TCPs can positively moderate the relationship between CI and FP. Accordingly, this study is quantitative. Reliable with the purpose of this study. Furthermore, our study relied on the “Positivism philosophy”, a deductive approach to theory development. Therefore, overall, 255 responses were received from the community of SMEs in Khartoum. To analyze the data firstly the following principal component analysis PCA, Correlation, and Rotation matrix were utilized to test the appropriateness of the study structure “the pre-model” and check the validity of the questionnaire items. secondly, we used structural equation modeling (SEM) Path analysis to analyze and examine the significant relationships between all variables. The analysis revealed that customer intensity has a positive effect on profitability (p = 0.000), Customer intensity has also a positive effect on customer satisfaction (p = 0.001). Unlike, customer intensity has negative effects on sustainability (p = 0.216). Finally, the results show that technological capabilities positively moderate the relationship between Customer intensity and profitability (p = 0.000), sustainability (p = 0.007), and customer satisfaction (p = 0.000). Anyhow, these results confirmed the partial support for the first hypothesis and full support for the second hypothesis.

Financial Variables and Their Effects on The Development of Bank Credit and Productive Sectors in Iraq Using a Path Analysis Model

هدفت الدراسة إلى قياس وتحليل الآثار المباشرة وغير المباشرة للمتغيرات المالية (الإنفاق العام ، الإيرادات العامة، الدين الداخلي، الدين الخارجي) على القطاعات الإنتاجية غير النفطية مع الائتمان المصرفي وبدونه كمتغير وسيط، وذلك باستخدام بيانات ربع سنوية للمدة (2021Q4-2004Q1)، وتم تحويلها باستخدام Eviews12، ومن أجل قياس هدف الدراسة، تم استخدام أسلوب نموذج تحليل المسار باستخدام IBM SPSS-AMOS، وخلصت الدراسة إلى أن الآثار المباشرة وغير المباشرة للمتغيرات المالية لها دور ضعيف في توجيه الائتمان المصرفي نحو القطاعات الإنتاجية في العراق والتي بلغت (0.18) نتيجة لمخاطر السوق أو عدم استقرار التوقعات في الاقتصاد، بالإضافة إلى ضعف التصنيف الائتماني للمقترضين هذا من جانب، ومن جانب آخر فإن غالبية الائتمان الممنوح من الجهاز المصرفي العراقي قد وجه صوب قطاع التشييد والبناء نتيجة الضمانات التي يستطيع هذا القطاع توفيرها مقارنةً بالقطاعات الانتاجية الأخرى. كما أن المتغيرات المالية من ناحية أخرى لم تكن داعمة في توجيه الائتمان المصرفي نحو تنمية هذه القطاعات في الناتج المحلي الإجمالي للدولة، لأن النتائج التي عكستها الآثار المباشرة وغير المباشرة للمتغيرات المالية ضعيفة في دعم القطاعات الإنتاجية مع أو بدون الائتمان المصرفي. (لا سيما وأن الدين المحلي كان ينافس القطاع الخاص في الحصول على الائتمان المصرفي وهذا ما يسمى بأثر المزاحمة).
 
 
 نوع البحث: ورقة بحثية.

The occurrence and distribution characteristics of microbial necromass carbon in lake sediments

As a critical component of SOC, microbial necromass carbon (MNC) has been well studied in forest, farmland, and grassland ecosystems. However, the distribution, forms, and storage of MNC, which bound to the sediments in lakes, remain unclear. Herein, the lake sediments in the West Dongting Lake have been collected to investigate the distributions of MNC in sediments, particulated organic matter (POM), and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM). The contribution of MNC to the sedimentary organic carbon was 20–30 %, which was lower than the average value of 50 % in other ecosystems. The reasons might be related to the selective migration of soil particles with uneven distribution of MNC and the accelerated mineralization of MNC prior to sedimentation. The results revealed that MNCmaom was the predominant form of MNC, accounting for 61–73 % of the total MNC. In addition, the MNC content in the sediments ranged from 2.03 g kg−1 to 4.33 g kg−1, showing an increasing trend along the direction of the water flow from the lake shore to the center. The redundancy analyses and the partial least square path model analyses indicated that sediment organic carbon, total nitrogen, silt and MAOM had a substantial impact on the MNC. Silt played an essential role in regulating the distributions of MNC in lake sediments by promoting MNC sedimentation and providing protection from degradation. These findings revealed that the accumulation of MNC in lake sedimentwas mainly affected by sediment particles, which differed from other non-lake ecosystems. The presented findings provided essential insights into the accumulation of MNC in lake sediments, highlighting the importance of the MNC in lake sediments and a more profound understanding of the role of MNC in lake carbon cycling.

Antibiotic resistance genes profile in the surface sediments of typical aquaculture areas across 15 major lakes in China

Aquatic farming is considered as a major source of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) for the natural environment of the lakes. ARB and ARGs in the natural environment have increased quickly because of the human activities. Here, we have profiled the diversity and abundance of ARGs in sediments from the typical aquaculture areas around 15 major lakes in China using PCR and qPCR, and further assessed the risk factor shaping the occurrence and distribution of ARGs. And class 1, 2 and 3 integrons were initially detected by PCR with specific primers. ARGs were widely distributed in the lakes: Weishan Lake and Poyang Lake showed high diversity of ARGs, followed by Dongting Lake, Chao Lake and Tai Lake. Generally, the ARGs in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain were more abundant than those in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Tetracycline resistance genes (tet(C), tet(A) &tet(M)) were prominent in sediments, and the next was AmpC β-lactamase gene group BIL/LAT/CMY, and the last was the genes resistance to aminoglycoside (strA-strB). Partial least squares path modeling analysis (PLS-PMA) revealed that livestock had a significant direct effect on the distribution of ARGs in lakes, and population might indirectly influence the profiles of ARGs by affecting the scale of livestock and aquaculture. The detectable rate of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons were 80%, 100% and 46.67%, respectively. The prevalence of integrons might play a key role in promoting more frequent horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events, resulting in the environmental mobilization and dissemination of ARGs between bacteria.

NONLINEAR PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS IN PATH ANALYSIS WITH LATENT VARIABLES MIXED DATA

This study aims to obtain the main component score of the ability to pay latent variable, determine the strongest indicators forming the ability to pay on a mixed scale based on defined indicators, and model the ability to pay on time mediated by fear of paying using path analysis. The data used in this study is secondary data from mortgage-paying customers with a sample size of 100. The method used is nonlinear principal component analysis with path analysis modeling. The results of this study indicate that the eleven variables formed by PC1 or X1 are able to store diversity or information by 32.50%, while 67.50% of diversity or other information is not stored (wasted). The credit term is the strongest indicator that forms the ability to pay variable. The variable ability to pay mortgages has a significant effect on payments by mediating the fear of paying late with a coefficient of determination of 80.40%.

Improving Working Conditions in Retail During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed the patterns of employees’ behaviour, especially in the retail sector, which requires continuous contact with consumers. The anti-pandemic measures based on physical distance, wearing medical and protective equipment, application of barriers, frequent disinfection of work surfaces and space, use of strict protocols, and safety standards significantly complicate working conditions. This paper aims to analyse and define incentives for upgrading work and working conditions in retail during the COVID-19 pandemic. The scientific importance of the paper is reflected in the fact that analytically and systematically, it defines incentives that will support the behaviour of employees during crises affecting the retail sector. Unlike existing research in trade and retail, which indicated the importance of individual incentives for improving working conditions in periods of crisis, the contribution of this paper is in the comprehensive analysis, systematization, and definition of the importance of all incentives for improving the working conditions of employees in the retail sector. In this context, empirical research was conducted on a sample of 255 employees and it tested the importance of incentives to improve working conditions such as: maintaining a safe and healthy working environment, how to treat infected workers and workers in contact, the existence of detailed instructions for employees and consumers, organizing transportation for workers, financial incentives for employees, reduction of the scope of business activities, shortening of working hours of facilities, security protocols and digitalization of work processes. The survey was conducted among employees in SMEs and large retail chains. The set hypotheses were tested using the Path Analysis or Structural Modeling (SEM) method. The correlation between the retailer size and the differences in the incentives’ impact was assessed by employing Multiple Regression Analysis. The research results showed significant deviations in the mentioned incentives depending on the size of the retailer. Based on the obtained results, a set of measures was proposed that social policymakers and retail facility management should implement to improve working conditions in retail and establish a social safety net that will support employees in times of crisis. Guidelines for future research are provided in the paper. Keywords: working conditions, work incentives, position of workers, retailing, COVID-19 pandemic.

The impact of student computer competency on e-learning outcomes: A path analysis model of virtual learning infrastructure, collaboration, and access to electronic facilities.

This study explored the influence of student computer competency on e-learning outcomes among Iranian nursing students and examinedits mediating role in the relationship between virtual learning infrastructure, student collaboration, access to electronic facilities, and e-learning outcomes. A cross sectional study. A self-administered online survey was used from August to October 2022, with a sample size of 417 nursing students selected through convenience sampling. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and PROCESS macro v4.1 (Model 4) were used for data analysis. The results revealed that virtual learning infrastructure, access to electronic facilities, and student collaboration, significantly predict student computer competency and e-learning outcomes. Virtual learning infrastructure and access to electronic facilities were found to be the strongest predictors of student computer competency, while student collaboration had a smaller but still significant effect. Student computer competency was found to mediate the relationship between virtual learning infrastructure, access to electronic facilities, student collaboration, and e-learning outcomes.

확장된 목표지향적 행동모형을 적용한 e스포츠 팬 시청의도 영향 요인 분석

This study was conducted to explore the factors influencing the intention to watch esports leagues among fans. The aim was to identify marketing factors for esports leagues and enhance the sustainability of the esports league. The study targeted adult fans who had experience watching Korean esports leagues. 349 datasets for the final analysis. Data collection and analysis were performed using SPSS 24 and AMOS 22 for Windows, and the methods included frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation path model analysis. The results of the study are as follows. First, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and frequency of past esports experiences had a significant impact on desire. Second, positive and negative anticipated emotions did not have a significant impact on desire. Third, perceived behavioral control, frequency of past esports experiences, and desire significantly influenced viewing intention. This study is significant in that it identified factors that can enhance esports league viewership, improving the sustainability of esports.

Mediating role of spirituality in the relationship of anxiety, stress and depression with resilience in individuals exposed to earthquakes in Türkiye

This study aimed to determine whether spirituality mediates the relationship of anxiety, stress and depression with resilience in earthquake survivors. The study population composed of 616 individuals above the aged of 18 years and over who experienced the February 6 earthquake. Sociodemographic information was collected using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Brief Psychological Resilience Scale (BRS), and the Spirituality Scale (SS). Through a path analysis model, it was found that spirituality importantly acted as a mediator in the connection between DASS-21 and BRS scores; the direct effect of DASS-21 scores on BRS scores was −0.575, their indirect effect through spirituality was −0.206, and the total effect size was −0.364. This research revealed that spirituality has a strong positive impact on resilience by reducing depression, anxiety and stress in catastrophic situations. In addition, this study revealed that spirituality could promote healthy coping strategies, especially in uncertain situations such as after earthquakes.

Impact of coconut-fiber biochar on lead translocation, accumulation, and detoxification mechanisms in a soil–rice system under elevated lead stress

Biochar, an environmentally friendly material, was found to passivate lead (Pb) in contaminated soil effectively. This study utilized spectroscopic investigations and partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) analysis to examine the impact of coconut-fiber biochar (CFB) on the translocation, accumulation, and detoxification mechanisms of Pb in soil-rice systems. The results demonstrated a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in bioavailable Pb concentration in paddy soils with CFB amendment, as well as reduced Pb concentrations in rice roots, shoots, and brown rice. Synchrotron-based micro X-ray fluorescence analyses revealed that CFB application inhibited the migration of Pb to the rhizospheric soil region, leading to reduced Pb uptake by rice roots. Additionally, the CFB treatment decreased Pb concentrations in the cellular protoplasm of both roots and shoots, and enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes in rice plants, improving their Pb stress tolerance. PLS-PM analyses quantified the effects of CFB on the accumulation and detoxification pathways of Pb in the soil–rice system. Understanding how biochar influences the immobilization and detoxification of Pb in soil–rice systems could provide valuable insights for strategically using biochar to address hazardous elements in complex agricultural settings.

Path analysis of influencing factors for maternal antenatal depression in the third trimester.

Maternal antenatal depression (AD) is a nonpsychotic depressive episode during pregnancy that can harm both the pregnant woman and the fetus. This study aimed to investigate the intrinsic interrelationships between AD and its influencing factors by constructing a path model. This survey-based cross-sectional study included 1071 pregnant women who underwent pregnancy examinations in three hospitals in Nantong City, China, between February and June 2023. General information and information regarding maternal AD, pregnancy stress, prenatal anxiety, social support, marital satisfaction, sleep quality, and resilience were collected. Multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 25.0 was employed to determine the factors influencing pregnancy depression, and Amos25.0 was used to construct a structural equation model. AD incidence was 19.4% (208/1071). The independent risk factors affecting AD in pregnant women have been integrated into the established path analysis model. The model demonstrated a good fit (χ2/DF = 1.238, comparative fit index = 0.999, goodness-of-fit index = 0.998, normed fit index = 0.996, adjusted goodness-of-fit index = 0.990, incremental fit index = 0.999, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.015). While prenatal anxiety (0.230) and hyperthyroidism (0.048) only had direct effects on AD, mental resilience was the biggest factor affecting AD, followed by pregnancy stress, marital satisfaction, prenatal anxiety, sleep quality, social support, and hyperthyroidism. Improved mental resilience, social support, sleep quality, and marital satisfaction; reduced pregnancy stress and prenatal anxiety; and effective hyperthyroidism treatment might reduce AD. This study underscored the significance of delivering actionable strategies and tangible assistance to pregnant women to reduce AD.

Transformational leadership, well-being, morale, and readiness: The mediating role of empowerment

ABSTRACT Transformational leadership is embedded in the value system of the Canadian military ethos. Research suggests that transformational leadership can be viewed as a form of empowering leadership facilitating empowered psychological states among their followers, which in turn, enhances their performance, wellbeing, and engagement. The current study examined the associations between transformational leadership and Canadian Armed Forces members’ psychological distress, morale, and pre-deployment readiness and the mediating role of psychological empowerment in these relationships. A path analysis model of the data collected through a pre-deployment survey completed by Canadian Armed Force (CAF) members (N = 2,391) revealed that transformational leadership was associated with lower psychological distress and greater morale and these relationships were partly explained by increased feelings of empowerment, namely higher levels of autonomy, competence, and meaning. Furthermore, transformational leadership was also associated with higher perceptions of pre-deployment readiness, and this was partly explained by increased feelings of meaning and competence. The results of this research suggest that transformational leadership is an effective strategy to bolster psychological resources and readiness in the CAF.

Microplastics provide new hotspots for frequent transmission of antibiotic resistance genes during anaerobic digestion of sludge containing antibiotics

Antibiotics and microplastics are emerging contaminants of widespread concern. Individual exposure to either antibiotics or microplastics may facilitate the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, little is known about how the co-exposure of antibiotics and microplastics drives the dissemination of ARGs during sludge anaerobic digestion. This study established a series of long-term operational anaerobic digesters and found that 20 mg/L ofloxacin facilitated the dissemination of ARGs, whereas 200 mg/L ofloxacin led to a decrease in the absolute abundance of ARGs. However, the coexistence of polyamide and ofloxacin further increased the abundance of five ARGs by 4.4–359.1 % compare to singular ofloxacin exposure. The presence of polyamide not only complicated the microbial community structure but also increased the abundance of ARGs hosts by 12.2–108.7 %. Metagenome-assembled genomes indicated that 42 out of 53 ARGs hosts were functional microorganisms, and their enrichment under polyamide exposure facilitated the conversion of substrates into methane. Further mechanism exploration found that ofloxacin and polyamide promoted the formation of biofilm and enhanced the adhesion and communication among microorganisms. The upregulation of functional genes related to antioxidant, DNA repair, and type IV secretion systems provided evidence for the stimulated horizontal transfer of ARGs under the co-exposure of ofloxacin and polyamide. Partial least squares path modeling analysis identified that mobile genetic elements predominantly determined the variation of ARGs in this study. These findings emphasized that the coexistence of microplastics and antibiotics in sludge may further exacerbate the risk of antibiotic resistance transmission.

Processing, Analyzing And Testing Quantitative Research Hypotheses With Smartpls Software3

The method used in this paper is seen as the nature of exploration as applied research, the nature of the explanation of non-causality research, while the method used is qualitative. The purpose of this paper is to introduce statistical computer software. There are many computer statistics software, the author introduces SmartPLS3. SmartPLS3, compared to other computer statistical software; If used to analyze linear regression, multiple regression, especially path analysis models, has advantages. In the path analysis research model, SmartPLS3 is superior when compared to SPSS. If analyzing using SPSS to test hypotheses with moderation variables or through mediation variables, it is necessary to calculate the value of the regression coefficient using the Sobel test. The path analysis research moderation model, mediation model and combined model of mediation moderation (modmed) if analyzed using SmartPLS3 only needs to juxtapose the results of the analysis in the direct influence, moderation effect (in the path coefficient table), and in the indirect influence table (table specific indirect effect); Based on hypothesis test criteria with moderation or through mediation variables.

Determining factors of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study.

Historically, university students demonstrate poor movement behaviours that could negatively impact current and future health. Recent literature has focused on identifying determinants of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) in this population to inform the development of intervention strategies. However, the COVID-19 pandemic substantially restricted movement behaviours in this population, meaning findings of previous research may no longer be applicable within the current societal context. The present study explored the longitudinal relationships between pre-pandemic psychological, behavioural and anthropometric factors, and the movement behaviours of UK university students nine months following the outbreak of COVID-19. Mental wellbeing (MWB), perceived stress (PS), body mass index (BMI), SB, and PA were assessed using an online self-report survey in 255 students prior to (October 2019) and nine months following (October 2020) the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in the UK. Path analysis was utilised to test relationships between pre-COVID mental wellbeing, perceived stress and BMI, and movement behaviours during the pandemic. The fit of the path analysis model was good (χ2 = 0.01; CMIN = 0.10, CFI = 1.00, RMSEA = 0.00). Pre-covid MWB and PS positively influenced PA (β = 0.29; β = 0.24; P < 0.01) but not SB (β = -0.10; β = 0.00; P = 0.79) during the pandemic. Additionally, pre-pandemic SB and PA positively influenced SB and PA during the pandemic respectively (SB: β = 0.26; P < 0.01) (PA: β = 0.55; P < 0.01). Pre-pandemic BMI did not influence any measured variable during the pandemic (PA: β = 0.03 and P = 0.29; SB: β = 0.06 and P = 0.56), and there was no mediating effect of PA on SB during the pandemic (β = -0.26; P = 0.14). These findings indicate that pre-covid mental health and movement behaviours had a direct positive influence on PA during the pandemic, but not SB. This longitudinal study demonstrates the influence that prior psychological and behavioural factors have in determining university students' response to periods of elevated stress and uncertainty, furthering our understanding of determinants of health-related behaviours in students.

Body Part Pain Affects Subjective and Objective Handball Performance in Japanese Male National Athletes-Results of Short-Term Practical Monitoring of Athletes' Conditions.

This short-term survey examined the effect of body part pain on subjective and objective handball performance in Japanese male national handball athletes. Fourteen athletes participated in this study. Assessments of pain in 10 body parts and subjective performance (concentration and satisfaction with body movement) were performed using a visual analog scale from 0 to 10 over four consecutive training days. Monitoring of heart rate and body acceleration during training was also performed to quantify the objective performance. Path analysis and linear mixed modeling were employed to assess the relationship between body pain scores and subjective/objective handball performance. Over the four days of the study period, the body part in which most athletes reported pain was the dominant shoulder (6 of 14 athletes), followed by the dominant knee, the dominant elbow, the dominant ankle joint, and the non-dominant ankle joint (3 of 14 athletes). The path analysis revealed that pain in the dominant elbow negatively correlated with concentration (standardized path coefficient = -0.644, p = 0.00), which was associated with satisfaction with body movement (standardized path coefficient = 0.704, p = 0.00). No significant effect of body pain on objective performance (heart rate and body acceleration) was found among the athletes in this study. The results suggested that the elite athletes were practicing with pain. Even if pain does not physically affect athletes' objective performance, pain in the upper extremities, associated with the primary handball movement of throwing, may reduce the quality of practice by lowering athletes' subjective performance.

An integrated model exploring the relationship between self-efficacy, technology integration via Blackboard, English proficiency, and Saudi EFL students’ academic achievement

The proliferation of technology in educational settings and its impact on learning outcomes has become a focal point in educational research. In language education, the interplay among technological tools, learner self-efficacy, and language proficiency is critical for academic success. This study aims to shed light on these dynamics by presenting a comprehensive structural model that elucidates the relationships and causal effects among students’ academic achievement, English proficiency, self-efficacy, and the utilization of instructional technology while focusing on the Blackboard learning management system. Employing a quantitative correlational design, this study used three questionnaires to measure the primary variables. The study sample included 590 university students from two universities purposively selected using random stratified sampling to ensure representativeness. Statistical analyses—including descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, and structural equation modeling (path analysis)—were employed to investigate the data. The emergent model demonstrated a perfect fit to the sample data, exhibiting robust goodness-of-fit indicators. The findings highlight the direct positive influence of self-efficacy on academic achievement and the beneficial effects of Blackboard integration on English proficiency and academic success. These insights emphasize the importance of self-efficacy in educational achievement and the pivotal role of e-learning platforms in enhancing students’ motivation and linguistic skills. The implications of these results are profound, suggesting avenues for future research to examine the applicability of the structural model across diverse educational contexts and incorporate additional variables for a more granular understanding of the factors driving academic achievement in technology-enhanced learning environments.

ADHD Symptoms and Sleep Problems During Middle Childhood: The Indirect Effect of Peer Victimization.

The present cross-sectional study evaluated whether traditional and/or cyber peer victimization served as mechanisms linking ADHD symptoms to sleep disturbance and sleep impairment in a sample of 284 third- through fifth-grade students (51.9% boys; 50.4% Hispanic/Latine) from two elementary schools in the United States. ADHD symptoms were assessed using teacher ratings. Children provided reports of their traditional and cyber victimization as well as their sleep disturbance and impairment. Results from path analysis models revealed significant indirect effects of traditional victimization on the links from ADHD symptoms to sleep disturbance and impairment. There was also a significant indirect effect of cyber victimization on the link from ADHD symptoms to sleep impairment. These findings suggest that experiences of traditional and cyber peer victimization may need to be addressed among children exhibiting ADHD symptoms in order to mitigate their risk for sleep problems and downstream effects on other domains of psychosocial functioning.

Self-determination and self-efficacy as predictors of campus engagement among college students with serious mental illnesses.

Campus engagement, including participation in student organizations and groups, is important for both academic and health outcomes. Yet, college students with serious mental illnesses demonstrate lower levels of campus engagement compared to peers without mental illnesses. To inform psychiatric rehabilitation approaches that might enhance this outcome, the purpose of this study was to test an integrated model of self-determination and self-efficacy theories to predict campus engagement within this student population. Sixty-seven college students with serious mental illnesses completed measures assessing self-determination constructs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), college self-efficacy, and campus engagement. Correlational and path analytic models examined relationships among these variables. Bivariate and multivariate analyses supported the interrelationships among the variables. Specifically, the theory-driven path model demonstrated that autonomy (but not competence or relatedness) was a significant predictor of college self-efficacy, which in turn was associated with campus engagement. Findings particularly highlight the importance of autonomy and self-efficacy for promoting campus engagement among college students with serious mental illnesses. As such, they may be relevant targets for psychiatric rehabilitation interventions, such as supported education, that are designed to enhance student success. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Cognitive and social-cognitive factors as mediators of aggression using structural equation modeling

ABSTRACT Violence and aggression continue to be both public health and economic concerns. In an effort to better understand, predict, and prevent violence and aggression, a number of models have been proposed that include both static and dynamic risk factors and indicators. Despite research demonstrating links between cognitive and social-cognitive factors with violence and aggression, their role in understanding violence is still unclear. The current study developed a multi-faceted model of aggression including social-cognitive, cognitive, personality, and psychiatric factors. A community, male sample (N = 1,192) collected through Amazon’s Mturk responded to a series of self-report measures and a cognitive task. Utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM), we created a latent variable path analysis model predicting aggression. Several important paths were significant including from entity theory to aggression, mediated by hostile attribution bias, schizotypy to aggression, mediated by both hostile attribution bias and disinhibition, substance use to aggression mediated by disinhibition, and psychopathy to aggression directly. This model provides a framework for future research that focuses on process factors of violence and aggression, including social-cognitive and cognitive, that may eventually prove valuable for risk reduction.