Memory Of Past Research Articles

Narrativas oficiais em Moçambique: entre manuais escolares e trajetórias desafiadoras

The paper analyzes the official narratives of the Mozambican government present in school textbooks and seeks to reflect on the role of some individual trajectories that challenge official narratives. On the one hand, excerpts from school textbooks are presented as examples of the efforts of the Liberation Front of Mozambique (Frelimo) government to control the past and control memories. On the other hand, some aspects of the trajectories of people considered critical or traitors of the Frelimo government project and the Mozambican national unity are presented. The hypothesis defended is that the trajectories challenge the binary logic of official narratives which, in turn, present recent political histories divided between revolutionaries and reactionaries, modernists and traditionalists, friends and enemies, victims and executioners.

The Ethics of Past and Future Memory Care Models: Perspectives from the Dutch and Danish Dementia Villages

AbstractDementia care organizations face a range of daunting environmental changes and challenges. Internationally, there is a long history of efforts to improve quality of care and life for individuals with dementia. In a time of particular attention to the images of older adults confined to a single or shared room in a care facility due to COVID‐19, autonomy becomes the overarching problem, not only because in general institutions limit the freedom of frail elders, but because the existential conditions that create the need for long term care such as chronic disease, cognitive decline, and the need for general support with activities of daily living (ADLs) rail against the autonomy of independent self‐sufficiency. Additionally, these environments are institutional in design and size, with little access to outdoor spaces and other amenities. This perspective manuscript addresses the ethics of past and future memory care models, looking specifically at the European Dementia Village model. This model allows for autonomy and continuation of patterns of daily living through housing integrated with large exterior walks and gardens, restaurants shops and amenities within familiar and normal surroundings, reducing resident anxiety and fear. This pioneering health care experiment negotiates rivaling discourses of intimacy, professionalization and medicalization. In order to get a deeper understanding of the culture and ethics of the model, the first two dementia village sites were visited which included meetings with care staff and administrators. Those conversations and observations led to a series of aligned themes relating to the ethics of the DV model which include: the strength of the social approach, clinical support, resident/staff collaborations and advocating for ethical dementia care.

Beyond the “memory wars”: Teaching the next generation of Korean and Japanese students

Rooted in a bitter history and propelled by a motley sense of shame, resentment, and nationalism, memories of the colonial past remain fraught in South Korea and Japan. This article surveys the course “Beyond the ‘Memory Wars’: Reconciling the Past,” which was offered as part of a hybrid exchange program between Underwood International College at Yonsei University in Seoul, Korea and International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan, to assess the challenges and possibilities of teaching memory studies within a cross-cultural undergraduate classroom. While a mix of earnest curiosity, personal stakes, and healthy competition kept the students engaged, empathetic, and enthusiastic, they displayed a curious commitment to facts and truths. This was manifest in both their learning agility on-site and their mistrust of digital technology—even as they were thoroughly immersed in it. Perhaps owing to their generational milieu, students appeared to need more engagement with memory beyond institutionalized archives and systems of knowledge.

Beyond presentism: Memory studies, deep history and the challenges of transmission

We take up the challenge to extend the ‘archive of mnemonic practices’ beyond recent histories of violence by facilitating a dialogue between scholarship on deep history and the fourth wave of memory studies, both emerging under the sign of the Anthropocene. In so doing, we engage with the problem of transmission as it has emerged in both fields. Works in cultural memory studies provide us with compelling ways of thinking through mediated practices of transmission, but they are limited by their focus on the recent past and on encultured technologies of memory that primarily reflect the European origins of the field. Studies of deep history, which engage transmission among Indigenous communities, by contrast, tend to rely on an account of transmission as precise replication, oftentimes over hundreds of generations. To reconsider and theorize mediated practices of transmission, we draw on the concept of the deep present as formulated within ethnomusicology. This term describes a present in which Aboriginal culture-work and performance both transmits memory of the deep past and evokes that deep past itself, activating it today. We consider two public installations as examples of remembrance of the deep past in urban Warrane/Sydney – bara by Judy Watson and Virtual Warrane by Brett Leavy – each of which is of Country in a way that connects memory over time and activates a deep present. We argue that these instances of memory in the deep present might offer ways of reconsidering the possibilities of a decolonizing future.

A Dirichlet Process Mixture of Robust Task Models for Scalable Lifelong Reinforcement Learning.

While reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are achieving state-of-the-art performance in various challenging tasks, they can easily encounter catastrophic forgetting or interference when faced with lifelong streaming information. In this article, we propose a scalable lifelong RL method that dynamically expands the network capacity to accommodate new knowledge while preventing past memories from being perturbed. We use a Dirichlet process mixture to model the nonstationary task distribution, which captures task relatedness by estimating the likelihood of task-to-cluster assignments and clusters the task models in a latent space. We formulate the prior distribution of the mixture as a Chinese restaurant process (CRP) that instantiates new mixture components as needed. The update and expansion of the mixture are governed by the Bayesian nonparametric framework with an expectation maximization (EM) procedure, which dynamically adapts the model complexity without explicit task boundaries or heuristics. Moreover, we use the domain randomization technique to train robust prior parameters for the initialization of each task model in the mixture; thus, the resulting model can better generalize and adapt to unseen tasks. With extensive experiments conducted on robot navigation and locomotion domains, we show that our method successfully facilitates scalable lifelong RL and outperforms relevant existing methods.

FC41: Music-assisted reminiscence therapy: Feasibility and use in practice

Objective:Reminiscence therapy is the examination of past memories to improve current mood and psychological functioning and is an evidence-based treatment for symptoms of late life psychological distress. Music is sometimes used in such therapy to prompt or enhance the recollection of memories; however, there is limited empirical research on the use and value of using music in reminiscence therapy. This presentation will discuss the findings of two studies exploring the feasibility and use of verbal reminiscence therapy (VRT) and music-assisted reminiscence therapy (MRT) from the perspectives of the older adult and the staff who care for them.Method:Study one surveyed 110 Australian workers in aged care to explore the extent to which VRT and MRT were used, how such interventions were delivered and viewed, and the benefits. Study two randomly assigned 8 older adults experiencing psychological distress to a single session of VRT or MRT. Pre and post measures of affect, memory experience, and a brief satisfaction interview were collected, along with measures of treatment fidelity.Results:For staff, simple reminiscence was the most frequently used approach across both VRT and MRT. Staff reported that both VRT and MRT are viewed as successful and regularly used interventions, that occur in spontaneous and creative ways in response to older clients’ needs. Staff reported outcomes such as enhanced social connections, improved affect and mood, and better care practices. Older adults reported that that VRT and MRT were equally acceptable and well tolerated. A pre-post pattern of improvement was observed for affect following VRT, and particularly MRT, suggesting both as promising interventions. MRT resulted in higher scores on memory experience characteristics such as vividness, coherence, and accessibility. The high treatment fidelity achieved in this study indicates that the interventions can be successfully implemented with this population.Conclusion:VRT and particularly MRT were viewed as successful, feasibility and acceptable interventions by older adults experiencing psychological distress, and direct care staff in Australia. These preliminary findings indicated MRT may provide therapeutic changes above and beyond VRT for older adults, and therefore large-scale clinical trials are warranted.

The Internationalization of Left-Wing Terrorism and Counter-terrorism. The Role of the Past in Debates About Security and Liberty in Western Europe, 1968–1978

Abstract The rise of international left-wing, revolutionary terrorism confronted western democracies with a new challenge in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In particular, the relationship between security and human rights was contentious and changeable, and differences between European states are notable. Terrorism and reactions to it varied, not least according to the prevailing political, legal, and cultural traditions. Memories of the recent past played a particularly prominent role, especially with respect to the states that had been occupying powers during the Second World War. The counter-terrorist policies pursued by West Germany’s government met particularly intense suspicion in neighboring counties and even in the framework of alliances such as NATO and the EC. The specter of a Nazi-like police state haunted opponents of excessive police and intelligence operations within Germany and Italy, as well. They forged political alliances of like-minded foreign critics. All in all, strategies of historically legitimizing terrorism and counterterrorist proved multi-pronged and ambiguous. Texts such as laws and pamphlets represented this dimension of political and cultural history.

A Glance on the Geopolitics from the Sustainability Prospective

Is a new globalization possible after the first one runs out? Yes, because we need to accept that the miracle of globalization in Asia, which began under the impetus of the economic opportunities of capital that moved from the West to South and South-East Asia, cannot be reproduced elsewhere. Furthermore, this great event is coming to an end, as is shown by the political tensions that have arisen between the USA and China, as well as by the weakening of the development drive in China. After more than half a century of frantic progress, a strong global engine that brought people together. This does not mean that there is not already underway - although under observation - a revival which this time concerns and will involve the old continent and Africa, not under the guise of the past but with a new identity that aims to prevent young Africa from suffer the shame of a new neo-colonization. Even in the case in question, the driving force is the hesitation due to the colonial past of many European countries and the difficulties of the black continent in dealing with the moods of the financial markets and above all speculative capital with its own forces. But the potential of the African continent is exceptional in terms of natural resources. But it is necessary to overcome the obstacle of weak or very weak public services and the degradation of youth far from schools, of the population without adequate health services, of land management for the feeding needs of a growing, very young community which in 2050 it could represent 25% of the world population. To attenuate the memory of the colonial past, it is appropriate for Europe to present itself as a Union, that is, a new entity compared to the past and which meanwhile directs the resources of capital, experience, culture and science in a unitary way to provide the capital that is necessary for finance essential public services, food, school and health issues. That is, creating the conditions for the management of investment management to be carried out by local workers and specialists. It is an opportunity to advance in the name of direct democracy. in this sense it is proposed that the communities of Europe should initiate the relationship between communities between Europe and Africa with referendums.

Time for Memories.

The ability to store information about the past to dynamically predict and prepare for the future is among the most fundamental tasks the brain performs. To date, the problems of understanding how the brain stores and organizes information about the past (memory) and how the brain represents and processes temporal information for adaptive behavior have generally been studied as distinct cognitive functions. This Symposium explores the inherent link between memory and temporal cognition, as well as the potential shared neural mechanisms between them. We suggest that working memory and implicit timing are interconnected and may share overlapping neural mechanisms. Additionally, we explore how temporal structure is encoded in associative and episodic memory and, conversely, the influences of episodic memory on subsequent temporal anticipation and the perception of time. We suggest that neural sequences provide a general computational motif that contributes to timing and working memory, as well as the spatiotemporal coding and recall of episodes.

DivTheft: An Ensemble Model Stealing Attack by Divide-and-Conquer

Recently, model stealing attacks are widely studied but most of them are focused on stealing a single non-discrete model, e.g., neural networks. For ensemble models, these attacks are either non-executable or suffer from intolerant performance degradation due to the complex model structure (multiple sub-models) and the discreteness possessed by the sub-model (e.g., decision trees). To overcome the bottleneck, this paper proposes a divide-and-conquer strategy called DivTheft to formulate the model stealing attack to common ensemble models by combining active learning (AL). Specifically, based on the boosting learning concept, we divide a hard ensemble model stealing task into multiple simpler ones about single sub-model stealing. Then, we adopt AL to conquer the data-free sub-model stealing task. During the process, the current AL algorithm easily causes the stolen model to be biased because of ignoring the past useful memories. Thus, DivTheft involves a newly designed uncertainty sampling scheme to filter reusable samples from the previously used ones. Experiments show that compared with the prior work, DivTheft can save almost 50% queries while ensuring a competitive agreement rate to the victim model.

교사의 행위적 절단을 통해 바라본 어린이의 배움 탐구

This paper explored children's learning through the agential cuts of teachers. In order to approach the learning of children who are intricately intertwined with time, space, and materials, researchers attempted arbitrary separation through ‘agential cuts.’ The intensity of the affect was determined in the assemblage of all elements, including past memories, attitudes of listening to each other, and texts exchanged by researchers to respond to research questions. And the researchers' cuts were placed as “learning that starts from children's desires”, “emerging children’s culture and learning”, and “learning as a response to the world”. The discussion focusing on the assemblage of these agential cuts is as follows. First, children learn by encountering and reacting with the world's materials in a way that has never been done before, and by producing differentiation on their own. Second, teachers participate in the children's world and practice pedagogical actions through agential cuts to reach the uncertain learning of children who learn anew by creating differentiation every moment. These teachers' praxis can be seen as responding to ethical requests for entangled phenomena. This study is meaningful in that it has taken a step inside the phenomenon through agential cuts to approach the reality of learning that endlessly creates differentiation. It also show the new relocation that emerges from the relationship by crossing the boundaries of learning and teaching that creates differences will provide implications for the direction of early child teacher education.

Vestibular CCK signaling drives motion sickness-like behavior in mice.

Travel can induce motion sickness (MS) in susceptible individuals. MS is an evolutionary conserved mechanism caused by mismatches between motion-related sensory information and past visual and motion memory, triggering a malaise accompanied by hypolocomotion, hypothermia, hypophagia, and nausea. Vestibular nuclei (VN) are critical for the processing of movement input from the inner ear. Motion-induced activation of VN neurons recapitulates MS-related signs. However, the genetic identity of VN neurons mediating MS-related autonomic and aversive responses remains unknown. Here, we identify a central role of cholecystokinin (CCK)-expressing VN neurons in motion-induced malaise. Moreover, we show that CCK VN inputs onto the parabrachial nucleus activate Calca-expressing neurons and are sufficient to establish avoidance to novel food, which is prevented by CCK-A receptor antagonism. These observations provide greater insight into the neurobiological regulation of MS by identifying the neural substrates of MS and providing potential targets for treatment.

Inessential objects: Cherished possessions in late life in Indian fiction

Through close readings of three Indian short stories, this essay seeks to show how cherished possessions, such as a bed, a blanket and books, are not stable repositories of past memories but a means of materializing intergenerational relations within the family in the lived present and, perhaps even more interestingly, catalysts for new and hitherto unforeseen possibilities of self-discovery and connections with the world beyond. Part of the apparatus of self-care that older people can summon in the moment to supplement their selfhood, objects as presented in these stories appear to exceed their limited understanding as passive recipients of externally imposed meaning, with their complex and unstable signification finally shown to emerge through their mutually transformative entanglement with people.

Exploring the influence of past memories on homeland visiting: enhancing destination brand equity and extension through Myanmar immigrants’ place attachment

ABSTRACT This research examines the impact of immigrants’ past memories on destination brand equity and destination brand extension for homeland visiting. Based on the perspective of Myanmar immigrants, this study aims to explore whether travel motivation moderates the influence of past memories on place attachment. Additionally, it investigates whether place attachment positively affects destination brand equity and destination brand extension. The questionnaire involved Myanmar immigrants living in Taiwan for over a year, using convenience sampling. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed, with 385 questionnaires considered effective, resulting in a response rate of 77%. The findings of this study indicate that (1) past memories have a positive effect on place attachment; (2) place attachment positively influences destination brand equity and destination brand extension; (3) travel motivation moderates the impact of past memories on place attachment. Finally, the implications for managerial practice, research limitations, and future research directions are discussed.

Enduring violence and commemoration: Korea’s Cheju April 3 Incident

Post-atrocity survivors construct spaces of being through various levels of visibility and stages of construction. Those with inherited memories of their ancestors from mass atrocities share the ability to exert their postmemories that mediates the past memory in its affective force to restore their sociability with their relatives, neighbors, community, and nation. A central medium of postmemory typically comes in the form of commemorative ritual practices that contain a mixture of mourning and re-creation of family and community. Ritual engages informal sociocultural processes outside the purview of the state. Commemoration rituals reflect ordinary people’s attempts to seek moral renewal and social repair to promote social reconstruction and recovery of humanity. This essay considers feminist interventions of intimate memorial scales, enabling us to envision potential alternative historical trajectories in post-massacre commemorations, memorials, reburials, and as mnemonic locations for agonistic testimonies to emerge around a mid-century massacre in South Korea called the “Cheju April 3 Incident.” We take into consideration how the postmemory of the Cheju April 3 Incident is intergenerationally transmitted and ritually re-enacted through family ancestor worship, and the reburial of remains after the exhumation of mass graves. The lessons of postmemory practices are crucial to the foundation of humanity after atrocity.

Dealing with a violent past and its remnants in the present: the challenges of remembering the wars in Chechnya in the Chechen Diaspora in the EU

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates how memories of a violent past are interpreted by different generations of exiles, particularly when the primary feature of memory in their homeland is forgetfulness. This occurs when the echoes of political and institutional violence from “home” perpetually reverberate in the diaspora, and when host societies have constructed a securitization framework that progressively redefines Chechens from victims to perceived threats. Based on the case of the Chechens living in the EU since the early 2000s and grounded in field observations and semi-structured interviews conducted from 2015 to 2022, this paper delves into a “conflict-generated diaspora” in formation. Our aim is to understand the intricate interplay of factors and dynamics that contribute to the construction of individual and collective memories of a violent past within the Chechen diaspora. We also consider the impact of transgenerational memory transmission and generational divides.

Memories of violence in the Rwandan diaspora: intergenerational transmission and conflict transportation

ABSTRACTHow are memories of a violent past in the country of origin reproduced, contested and reinterpreted by younger diasporic generations? And what consequences do processes of memory transmission of a violent past have on younger generations’ identities and patterns of mobilisation? Based on an exploration of the transmission of memories of the 1994 genocide in the Rwandan diaspora in Belgium, this article demonstrates that the intergenerational transmission of conflict memories shapes the mobilisation of second-generation diasporans in significant ways, and largely explains patterns of conflict transportation in the country of residence. However, a reframing of issues related to Rwanda’s past, as well as a reorganisation and rethinking of diaspora cleavages and/or solidarities, from one generation to the next can also be observed. Such patterns can be explained by the need to translate memories of a painful past so that they can make sense and resonate in the country of residence.

Investigating the emotional content of older adults engaging in a fall prevention exercise program integrated with dance movement therapy: a preliminary study.

Fall prevention interventions for older adults have primarily focused on the physical aspects, overlooking the emotional aspects inherent in falls. This qualitative study presents a novel fall prevention intervention that integrates physical therapy exercise (PTE) based on the Otago Exercise Program with Dance Movement Therapy (DMT) to address the emotional experience during PTE. The aim of this study is to explore the emotional content expressed by older adults during balance-focused exercises and the unique emotional content expressions following the PTE + DMT intervention compared to the PTE intervention. Eleven older adults (aged 81-91 years) from a day center were randomly assigned to either the PTE + DMT group (n = 6) or the PTE group (n = 5). Interpretative phenomenological analysis of the instructors' observations and process diary identified three themes that emerged during the sessions: (1) self-image and self-worth, (2) the individual in relation to others, and (3) past memories. These themes highlight both similarities and differences between the groups. These findings provide valuable insights into the emotional experiences encountered by older adults, particularly in the context of falls prevention practices. Recognizing, understanding, and facilitating the expression of these experiences can enhance the effectiveness of fall prevention interventions and contribute to the overall health of older adults.

Past Adversity Influencing Now (PAIN): perspectives on the impact of temporal language on the persistence of pain.

Persistent pain is a significant healthcare issue, often unresponsive to traditional treatments. We argue for incorporating non-biomedical perspectives in understanding pain, promoting more comprehensive solutions. This article explores how language, specifically time-related terms, may affect the persistence (stickiness) of pain. We delve into how language influences one's experience of the world, especially in understanding pain through spatial metaphors. Notably, time perceptions differ across languages and cultures and there is no absolute construct of temporal pain experience. In English, time is viewed linearly as past, present, and future. We introduce a framework called Past Adversity Influencing Now (PAIN) which includes various temporal phases of pain; Past Perfect, Past Imperfect, Present, Future Imperfect, and Future Perfect. We suggest that past negative memories (emotional memory images) can "trap" individuals in a "sticky" pain state. We speculate that the process of diagnosing pain as "chronic" may solidify this "stickiness", drawing from the ancient Greek idea of "logos", where pain communicates a message across time and space needing recognition. Our PAIN framework encourages examining pain through a temporal lens, guiding individuals towards a more positive future.

Maulana Azad and his memory of the Islamic past: a study of his early writings

AbstractThe article is concerned primarily with Maulana Azad's early political and theological writings with a view to understanding his positions on Islam and the non-Islamic religions. It opens with a brief description of his discussion of Mughal history and religious culture, and then notes his portrayal of Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi (d. 1624) as an exemplary political figure, who raised his voice against Akbar's heresy. This portrayal has had a significant historiographical afterlife. Several modern scholars followed Azad's reading. The article asks whether Azad was truly the first to have such a view of the saint, and thereby influenced the modern writings on Mughal India. We will notice that Sirhindi was already portrayed as a political figure in the Mughal-era historical accounts devoted to him. Azad only chose to work within a certain memory of Sirhindi—but why did he choose to use an earlier tradition and not a purely religious interpretive framework of his own for analysing and presenting the saint's position? The article examines Azad's rationale for such a portrayal in light of his political concerns. It then discusses in some depth the theological discourses in his Tazkira and the early issues of Al-Hilāl.