Past Innovations Research Articles

NGO engagement in the creation of public service innovations: A configurational, explorative approach

IMPACT This article offers critical insights for practitioners interested in the evolving landscape of public service innovation. It highlights the significant role that non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play as co-creation partners in government innovation projects, with nearly half of surveyed NGOs participating in such initiatives. Importantly, the study shows that NGOs with experience in service innovation are more likely to collaborate with government, emphasizing the value of past innovation experience in fostering successful partnerships. The authors explain the motivations behind NGO engagement, revealing that improving user experience, gaining insights, and strengthening relationships with government are key drivers. The findings suggest that co-creation is not just about service improvement but also about capacity building for NGOs through knowledge transfer and learning opportunities. Practitioners will benefit from understanding these dynamics, which reinforce the principles of New Public Governance (NPG) by highlighting the importance of collaboration and network-based innovation.

Why Patents on Climate Technologies Must Be Cut Short

Abstract This contribution questions the term of protection for patents under circumstances of climate change. Patents typically last for 20 years but, for climate-related technologies, this is arguably too long. Under the 1.5°C scenario of the Paris Agreement, we need to make significant headway before 2030. Luckily, the technologies that need to be implemented broadly to reach the 2030 threshold have been developed already. To save civilisation from the worst impacts of climate change, the roll-out of existing technologies (static efficiency) is more important than the development of new ones (dynamic efficiency). However, patent terms take neither static efficiency nor the climate timeframe into account. Technologies developed today will come off patent only in the 2040s, limiting their free availability when their wide roll-out should be the main concern. Conversely, the climate technologies that come off patent today were developed in the early 2000s, long before climate change acquired its current urgency and investment in climate technologies was ramped up. These developments show that innovation systems for climate change have worked well, but they also show how terms of protection may now curtail the usefulness of past innovations. The contribution will analyse patent terms from a domestic and an international political economy perspective. The contribution will argue that, on balance, the situation requires a change of the TRIPS Agreement to shorten the term of patents on mature climate technologies. The TRIPS-waiver for patents on COVID-19 vaccines provides a partial precedent.

Medical Education Technology: Past, Present and Future

Background and Aims: Medical Education Technology has witnessed significant transformation over the years, largely influenced by advancements in technology. From traditional lecture-based teaching to the integration of multimedia tools and virtual simulations, the landscape of medical education has evolved to meet the needs of learners in an ever-changing healthcare environment. Objectives: To explore the evolution of Medical Education Technology, highlighting key milestones from the past, assessing the current state of technology integration in medical education, and envisioning future trends and challenges. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to examine the historical progression of Medical Education Technology. Results: The review revealed a notable evolution in Medical Education Technology, from early implementations of multimedia tools to the widespread adoption of online platforms and virtual simulations. Conclusions: Medical Education Technology has evolved significantly from past innovations to the present integration of virtual platforms. Looking ahead, future advancements promise to further revolutionise medical education, ensuring better preparation of healthcare professionals for the challenges of modern practice.

The impact of artificial intelligence on unemployment: a review

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to summarise the state-of-the-art debate on impact of artificial intelligence on unemployment and reporting up-to-date academic findings.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is designed as a review of the labour vs capital conundrum, the differences between industrial automation and artificial intelligence, threat to employment, the difficulty of substituting, role of soft skills and whether technology leads to the deskilling of human workers or favors increasing human capabilities.FindingsSome authors praise the bright future developments of artificial intelligence while others warn about mass unemployment. Therefore, it is paramount to present an up-to-date overview of the problem, compare and contrast its features with what happened in past innovation waves and contribute to academic discussion about the pros/cons of current trends.Originality/valueThe main value of this paper is presenting a balanced view of 100+ different studies, the vast majority from the last five years. Reading this paper will allow to quickly grasp the main issues around the thorny topic of artificial intelligence and unemployment.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-05-2023-0338

Innovation and sales growth intentions among the solopreneurs: The role of experience and entrepreneurial self-efficacy

It is widely accepted that the self-employed enjoy non-pecuniary benefits from their employment status. They have greater freedom and autonomy in running their businesses and can pursue their intrinsic ambitions relying on their experience and abilities. In this paper we focus on the group of solopreneurs – solo self-employed who have decided to remain as single employee businesses. What determines turnover growth and product/service innovation intentions among these firms? Within this interplay, previous experience from innovation and growth episodes, as well as entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) plays crucial roles. We empirically analyse the relationship between, and the determinants of, innovation and growth intentions using data on a large sample of UK solopreneurs. Empirical results suggest that past innovation performance and growth shape future solopreneurial intentions through an adaptive learning process given the level of perceived ESE for each future objective. Nonetheless, empirical results suggest that for female and young solopreneurs, ESE does not contribute positively to shaping sales growth and innovation intentions.

Commodity Price Shock and Economic Performance: An Empirical Evidence for Nigeria

Interconnected economies in the world commodity market may cause external shocks that slow indigenous countries' economic growth and development. Nigeria is a commodity-dependent country, hence, commodity price shocks have harmed its institutional and fiscal framework for economic growth, despite efforts to save the economy. It is crucial to assess the effects of local and external commodity price volatility shocks on emerging nations' growth since they plunge millions into abject poverty. It is in this context, this study examines commodity price shock and economic performance with an empirical evidence for Nigeria. This study employs Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (MGARCH) to capture both gradual and unexpected changes in commodity price shock in Nigeria from 1980Q1 – 2021Q1. The results showed positive volatility shock effect on each variable caused by its past innovations while parameters of the independent variables indicated innovations of shock effects on economic performance. Also exports of other non-oil commodities can reduce dependence of real exchange rate on world commodity prices by having more diversified exports. The study recommends for diversification towards agricultural production to stabilize the real exchange rate of Naira from world commodity price shocks. Finally, Nigeria can protect her competitiveness from fluctuations in world commodity prices by being more opened to external trade.

Prediksi Volatilitas Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan Menggunakan GARCH

This study aims to determine the Volatility Prediction of the Indonesia Composite Index using GARCH. GARCH is a model for generating forecasts based on historical data using a function of its own past lag plus past innovations. This study uses quantitative methods. The data in this study are JKSE data for 11 (eleven) years, from 01-01-2012 to 31-12-2022. The volatility prediction is carried out for a year, namely in 2022. The results of this study indicate that the prediction accuracy is quite good with a MAPE of 17.26 percent. It was also found that volatility was quite pronounced, which rose significantly in May 2022 due to the effect of the absence of restrictions on the Eid holiday and decreased significantly in July 2022 due to the government extending the implementation of restrictions on community activities (PPKM) throughout Indonesia and dropping even more sharply due to the government increasing prices of Pertalite in September 2022.

Introduction: Unearthing Technology in Public Histories of Food.

While there is significant public interest in the culture and history of food, popular and scholarly studies often overlook that food is technological. This article argues that public histories foregrounding food technology offer historians of technology opportunities to engage the public in topics that are both intimately familiar to all and yet riddled with misconceptions about the past, especially on pressing moral concerns relating to public health and the environment. Looking at past innovations in food requires unearthing tacit skills and invisible work routinely done by people whose stories, because of their gender, class, race, or nationality, were often erased from conventional histories of technology. Works that unmask food's hidden complexity demonstrate how even mundane, everyday objects are products of contested innovation.

Vehicular Relative Positioning With Measurement Outliers and GNSS Outages

Relative positioning among vehicles finds many applications regarding location-based services in intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). This article introduces a hybrid relative positioning strategy integrating global navigation satellite system (GNSS), inertial navigation system (INS), and ultrawideband (UWB) observations, which addresses measurement outliers and GNSS outages simultaneously. An improved extended Kalman filter (IEKF) based on tracking an appropriately weighted window of past innovations is developed to deal with measurement outliers. To perform relative positioning during GNSS outages, a nonlinear autoregressive network with exogenous inputs (NARX) is developed to predict GNSS measurements increments, with the least-squares support vector machine (LSSVM) algorithm identifying the NARX model. The NARX-LSSVM module learns the relationship between GNSS pseudorange and Doppler shift increments of a target vehicle and its local and neighbors’ dynamics. Whereas during GNSS outages, the increments of GNSS measurements are generated by this prediction algorithm. The feasibility of the proposed methodology is evaluated on empirical road data, and improved positioning accuracy is achieved in cooperative positioning (CP) systems.

Perspective for soft robotics: the field’s past and future

Since its beginnings in the 1960s, soft robotics has been a steadily growing field that has enjoyed recent growth with the advent of rapid prototyping and the provision of new flexible materials. These two innovations have enabled the development of fully flexible and untethered soft robotic systems. The integration of novel sensors enabled by new manufacturing processes and materials shows promise for enabling the production of soft systems with ‘embodied intelligence’. Here, four experts present their perspectives for the future of the field of soft robotics based on these past innovations. Their focus is on finding answers to the questions of: how to manufacture soft robots, and on how soft robots can sense, move, and think. We highlight industrial production techniques, which are unused to date for manufacturing soft robots. They discuss how novel tactile sensors for soft robots could be created to enable better interaction of the soft robot with the environment. In conclusion this article highlights how embodied intelligence in soft robots could be used to make soft robots think and to make systems that can compute, autonomously, from sensory inputs.

Taking Responsibility for Tomorrow: Remaking Collective Governance as Political Ancestors

Abstract In learning from older and past collective governance practices, we must design new institutions with an ethos that underscores our roles not only as descendants from past innovators but also as ancestors who have a responsibility to provide such legacies for the future. Governance archaeology can only realize its full moral and generative potential when it is practiced in a way that acknowledges our responsibility to future humans as well as past ones. This essay thus argues for the need to include future humans in the “we” of collective governance for distributive equity as well as procedural justice.

Internet of Things (IoT) acceptance model – assessing consumers' behavior toward the adoption intention of IoT

PurposeThis study identifies key facets leading to consumers' Internet of Things (IoT) adoption intention.Design/methodology/approachApplying four technology acceptance theories (theory of planned behavior, technology acceptance model, pleasure-arousal-dominance theory and technology readiness index), the author uses deductive quantitative research to develop a model, explaining IoT adoption intentions. Administrated questionnaires are distributed in Egypt among generation-Z and millennials in malls. A total of 400 questionnaires are used for hypotheses testing, applying structural equation modeling (SEM) path coefficient analysis.FindingsResults of this study show that attitude, dominance, perceived usefulness, innovativeness and insecurity impact consumers' IoT adoption intentions; subjective norms, perceived behavior control, pleasure, arousal, perceived ease, optimism and discomfort hold insignificant impact on consumers' IoT adoption intentions.Research limitations/implicationsExploring IoT facets and how these facets impact consumers' adoption intentions, this study helps grasp technology acceptance in theory and practice, guiding scholar and practitioners (e.g. IoT developers, retailers, marketers and other field experts) to consider consumers' mindset when developing, improving and marketing IoT.Originality/valueThe contribution stems from the incorporation of various frameworks used to explain technology acceptance. By studying several theories jointly, the research extracts and identifies a significant set of facets (technical and psychological) to build a comprehensive theory of IoT acceptance, showing consumers' IoT adoption is not entirely similar to adoption of other past innovations. This understanding allows marketers to focus on content that needs to be promoted to boost consumers' IoT purchase plans. Future researchers could replicate the results to IoT categories (e.g. home appliances, cars, healthcare, education, sportswear, etc.) to improve external validity of the findings, among other future research opportunities.

Complexity of the Product Innovations in Improvement of the Companies Business Performance

In the 21st century, in the economically developed countries around the globe, the ability of business organizations to innovate their offered products is an important source of their strategic, long-term competitive advantage. Living in a complex and dynamic world, innovation and entrepreneurship are playing crucial role for economic development. New scientific and technological (S&T) revolution is developing rapidly and is breeding new major breakthroughs that will profoundly change the face of the economy and society. The speed of transformation of science and technology applications is accelerating, creating new opportunities for catching up and leapfrogging. Throughout the world, many countries have made strengthening science and technology innovation a national strategy, made investment in science and technology a strategic investment, significantly increased investment in science and technology, and advanced the deployment and development of frontier technologies and strategic industries, implemented major science and technology programs, and made efforts to enhance national innovation capabilities and international competitiveness. Similarly, for enterprises, the achievement of their core competitiveness depends on their ability to innovate their products. This review paper is aiming to reveal the complex nature of the different product innovation types impacts on enterprises business performance, which can be key importance how to shaping their development and innovation strategies. By analysing the impact of different product innovation types, companies can learn about the applicable scenarios and changing trends in the industry for different types of innovation. In addition, by comparing established innovation types with past innovation practices, it is possible to establish a more suitable and practical innovation environment and mindset to improve the competitiveness, market share and economic efficiency of the company.

The backbone of agrifood value chain resilience: Innovation in the Ecuadorian banana value chain from a historical perspective

Given the accelerated global shifts and disruptions to agrifood value chains, an approach is required that reveals multiple drivers, recognizable patterns, and behaviors that can be understood and navigated towards value chain resilience. This research shares roots with and builds further on resilience approaches, the concept of upgrading in global value chains and innovation to contribute to the study of agrifood value chain resilience. The analysis is based on narratives extracted from interviews with local actors in the chain. Narrative, as formed from a combination of temporal succession and causality, helps us track the chain’s historical trajectory, identify critical historical and contemporary drivers of change and actors’ adaptations to historical events, the latest being the Covid-19 pandemic. Our study finds that main drivers, such as natural hazards, market dynamics, actors’ organization, and digital and technological innovation, have been key to Covid-19 adaptation. These constitute crucial areas for policy action and management of systemic risk. For example, previous experience with the fungal disease Foc TR4 one year before the Covid-19 pandemic has been perceived as a key factor in easing Covid-19 adaptation. The analysis shows that some shocks may be challenging to predict, while others may result from the chronic build-up of vulnerabilities, such as the impacts of climate change or the spread of transboundary diseases. As observed in this study, the backbone of overall agrifood value chain resilience and Covid-19 adaptation lie in experiential learning and build on the past; hence, identifying lessons from past innovations is crucial to finding solutions in novel contexts and to deriving opportunities for agrifood value chain development.

Keyword Extraction: A Modern Perspective

The goal of keyword extraction is to extract from a text, words, or phrases indicative of what it is talking about. In this work, we look at keyword extraction from a number of different perspectives: Statistics, Automatic Term Indexing, Information Retrieval (IR), Natural Language Processing (NLP), and the emerging Neural paradigm. The 1990s have seen some early attempts to tackle the issue primarily based on text statistics [13, 17]. Meanwhile, in IR, efforts were largely led by DARPA’s Topic Detection and Tracking (TDT) project [2]. In this contribution, we discuss how past innovations paved a way for more recent developments, such as LDA, PageRank, and Neural Networks. We walk through the history of keyword extraction over the last 50 years, noting differences and similarities among methods that emerged during the time. We conduct a large meta-analysis of the past literature using datasets from news media, science, and medicine to business and bureaucracy, to draw a general picture of what a successful approach would look like.

International linkages of emerging market index futures, under the closure of underlying spot market – evidence from Indian Nifty futures

PurposeThis study examines the dynamic linkages between the Indian Nifty index futures traded on the offshore Singapore Exchange (SGX) and US stock indices (DJIA, NASDAQ and S&P 500) under the closure of the spot market for Nifty futures.Design/methodology/approachWith high-frequency 5-min overlapping price data, the authors employ the Johansen cointegration test to investigate long-run relationships, the Granger causality test to assess short-run dynamics and the BEKK-GARCH model for volatility spillover investigation.FindingsThe empirical findings reveal that the SGX Nifty futures market is cointegrated with the US DJIA market. The US DJIA stock index strongly influences the price discovery of SGX Nifty futures and past innovations in the US markets strongly impact the current volatility of SGX Nifty futures.Practical implicationsFindings from this study have significant implications for market participants, particularly foreign investors and portfolio managers. These findings might be helpful for market participants to improve the prediction power of expected SGX Nifty futures price and volatility, especially under the closure of the spot market. Also, SGX market participants can take the significant role of the US market into account when formulating hedging and trading strategies with Indian Nifty futures. Besides, our findings have significant implications for policymakers in evaluating market stability.Originality/valueThis article adds to the very limited research on offshore or international stock index futures; it is the first study that empirically examines the international linkages of offshore SGX Nifty futures under the closure of its underlying spot market and also the driving force behind the linkages.

Product Recalls, Past Innovations, & R&D Intensity: An Empirical Examination of Interrelationships

Past research has supported the idea of increases in research and development (R&D) efforts in the face of failures (Eggers and Kaul 2018, Greve 2003). We follow this research and propose that firms’ past experiences with recalls intensify subsequent R&D efforts. Further, we propose that firms’ past R&D efforts and stocks of innovation outcomes accentuate intensification of subsequent innovation efforts attributed to firm recall experience. This is based mainly on the idea that prior innovation knowledge provides a better understanding of emerging conditions leading to more proactive R&D efforts (Tsai 2001). Our research questions are: (1) do firms’ recalls intensify subsequent R&D efforts, and (2) do firms’ past innovation efforts and stocks of innovation outcomes accentuate the intensification of subsequent R&D efforts associated with recalls? Based on analysis of longitudinal data on product recalls in medical device and pharmaceutical industries supplemented by data from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and Wharton Research Data Services (WRDS), we find empirical evidence for R&D efforts attributed to past product recalls. We also find that past innovation efforts and stocks of innovations support subsequent R&D efforts attributed to past product recalls.

Integrated Spillover Effect of Cross-Listed Stock Markets on the Indian Equity Market

The increased integration due to cross-listing leads to the volatility spillover effect on the domestic market posing from the cross-listed global indices viz., Nifty 50 from India, Luxx 100 from Luxembourg, NASDAQ from the US, and FTSE_Aim 100 from the UK. Johansen Co-integration test is applied to check the level of integration, which is further checked by multivariate granger causality showing the causality pattern among the indices. GARCH (1,1) model is applied to examine the volatility spillover effect on the Indian Stock Market. The findings suggest that the series are co-integrated with one vector ‘v,’ which is confirmed by the Trace and Max-Eigen Test. The Multivariate Granger Causality test confirms the bivariate causal pattern between India and US markets, implying the dual effect. In contrast, the Luxembourg market is relatively exogenous, which gives investors an opportunity for portfolio diversification. ARCH term is significant in the GARCH (1,1) model showing that the past innovation in the time series leads to the present fluctuation in the Indian stock market. Also, the results show a significant spillover effect from the US and UK markets. Thus, this will assist the investors that by concentrating on the movement of these markets, they can take specific actions regarding portfolio management.

The image of the teacher Celestine Freinet: explication of conceptual and theoretical concepts (on the occasion of the 125<sup>th</sup> birthday)

The author refers to the legacy of the outstanding French teacher, reformer, politician Celestine Freinet to reveal a special understanding of the nature and process of child development, his philosophical idea of pedagogy. The research made an attempt at a scientific search for questions of interest to a teacher involved in the study of the independent personality of students. Celestine Freinet sought to answer several important questions: Why might children want to learn? What will make them want this? Why might they lack a thirst for knowledge? The paper presents a comprehensive study of the conceptual and theoretical foundations of C. Freinet pedagogy, including an analysis of the image of a modern teacher in his heritage: past, present and future, the humanistic paradigm of education in the pedagogical concept, school self-government, moral and civic education of students as the basis of the Celestine Freinet education system and as a supporter of inculcating love for work in the process of educating the younger generation. Rethinking the historical and pedagogical heritage of C. Freinet from the standpoint of the modern development of pedagogical science and practice, the implementation of the leading ideas are the basis for further integration of conceptual humanistic views in the context of the formation of historical and pedagogical competencies of students. The article actualizes the main aspects of the dialectical unity of the continuity of traditions (past) innovations (present to the future), reflecting the process of transferring the historical and pedagogical heritage to modern educational practice. The author identifies and substantiates a number of theoretical provisions in the system of С. Freinet, implemented in modern conditions of education in the format of the international competition of research and creative works of students In the world of wise thoughts of domestic and foreign scientists and teachers.

Towards developing innovation management framework (IMF) for ICT organizations at Pakistan

Various aspects of innovation management have been discussed in literature over the past few decades. Most of the innovation management frameworks have been formulated by undertaking studies in the developed world and lack the industry/culture specific focus. In this paper, we revisit the generic innovation management studies to develop an innovation management framework for highlighting the factors affecting innovation specifically at the Information Communication Technology (ICT) sector of Pakistan. A detailed literature review has been conducted to identify the factors included in the past innovation management models. To identify the factors specific for Pakistan, senior-level professionals, working at the Pakistani ICT organizations were interviewed based on a survey. A comparative analysis of the innovation management frameworks for Pakistan against those previously found in literature revealed interesting similarities and differences. Based on the study findings, an innovation management framework is developed that highlights the present factors which are important for innovation in the ICT sector for Pakistan. This framework can be used by Pakistan and other underdeveloped countries for improving their innovation in ICT sectors in particular and other sectors in general.