Passive Control Of Nanoparticles Research Articles

A magnetohydrodynamic flow of a water-based hybrid nanofluid past a convectively heated rotating disk surface: A passive control of nanoparticles

Abstract One of the basic fluid mechanics problems of fluid flows over a revolving disk has both theoretical and real-world applications. The flow over a rotating disk has been the subject of numerous theoretical studies because it has many real-world applications in areas like rotating machinery, medical equipment, electronic devices, and computer storage. It is also crucial for engineering processes. Therefore, this article deals with a time-independent water-based hybrid nanofluid flow containing copper oxide and silver nanoparticles past a spinning disk. The Newtonian flow is taken into consideration in this analysis. The influence of magnetic field, thermophoresis, nonlinear thermal radiation, Brownian motion, and activation energy has been considered. The present analysis is modeled in a partial differential equation form and is then converted to ordinary differential equations using appropriate variables. A numerical solution using the bvp4c technique is accomplished using MATLAB software. The current results are matched with the previous literature and established a close relationship with previous studies. The purpose of this investigation is to numerically investigate the time-independent hybrid nanofluid flow comprising copper oxide and silver nanoparticles over a rotating disk surface. The results show that the increased magnetic parameters increase the friction force at the surface, which decreases the radial and azimuthal velocity distribution. At the sheet surface, the radial velocity of the hybrid nanofluid shows dominant performance compared to the nanofluid. On the other hand, the magnetic factor has dominant behavior on the azimuthal velocity component of the nanofluid flow compared to the hybrid nanofluid flow. The higher volume fraction and magnetic factor enhance the skin friction at the disk surface. Furthermore, greater surface drag is found for the hybrid nanofluid flow. The higher solid volume fraction, temperature ratio, and Biot number enhance the rate of heat transmission. Also, a higher rate of heat transmission is observed for the hybrid nanofluid flow.

Magnetically-driven nanofluid flow over a slippery-bended surface under thermal radiation and higher order chemical reaction

In this paper, nanofluid flow is considered on curved stretching surface under magnetic influence. Realistic velocity slip together with convective boundary condition is imported. The system is also blessed with radiation and higher order chemical reaction. Active and passive controls of nanoparticles are considered and under both boundary conditions the flow analysis is compared. Leading equations of the system is a set of partial differential equations which are transfigured by similarity variable into a set of highly nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The system is solved by the Runge–Kutta fourth-order method (RK-4) with shooting technique. The simulation is done by MAPLE-2021 software. Outcomes are portrayed by several graphs and tables and comparison diagram for different conditions is also included. Velocity lines are compared for suction and injection effect but thermal and concentration profiles are compared under active and passive controls of nanoparticles. The velocity profile changed by 16.55% for higher magnetic profile and the mass transfer changed by 3.57% for actively controlled flow under velocity slip parameter. Chemical reaction parameter detained the concentration profile for both active and passive controls but gave lower magnitude for passively controlled flow.

Active and Passive Control of Nanoparticles Under the Influence of Magnetized Nanofluid Flow Over a Convectively Heated Slippery Wedge

This research investigate the upshots of actively and passively controlled nanofluid flow over a wedge. Comparison is done for various wedge angle parameter. Magnetic field is employed in normal to the flow direction. Velocity slip effect and external heat source is incorporate to the system. Leading partial differential equations are converted nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable similarity transformation. Runge Kutta-4 method with shooting technique is used to solve the system. MAPLE-2019 software is applied to simulate the whole system. The results are described by graphs and corresponding values of engineering interest are tabulated properly. For magnetic parameter reduced skin friction coefficient value is increased by 7.31% but for injection situation and 9.32% or suction effect. Biot number also gives us escalated velocity profile. We get 10.56% increment in skin friction for suction effect and 7.25% for injection effect. Heat lines and mass lines also show excellent result for different parameter under the comparison of active and passive controlled of nanofluid flow.

Insight into the dynamics of active and passive controls over the measurement of thermal conductivity of nanofluids subject to magnetic field and thermal radiation through the stretching surface

In comparison to conventional heat transfer fluids, nanofluids tend to significantly enhance thermal efficiency. This extensive study is to enhance heat transformation while accounting for the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid flow with the impact of non-linear thermal radiation and an irregular heat source over the stretching sheet. The impact of Arrhenius activation energy on active and passive controls of nanoparticles, thermophoresis, and Brownian diffusion has elaborated. The system of partial differential equations is first represented mathematically and then converted into the system of ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformations. The influence of various parameters is displayed numerically through tables, graphical impact, and surface plots on heat and mass transfer, micro-rotation distribution, and the Nusselt number. It is noticed that the temperature profile is intensified with increasing values of the temperature ratio parameter and thermal radiation (Rd) with active and passive controls. The impact of the magnetic field Biot number and thermophoresis parameter on the heat transfer rate has been scrutinized. .

Impact of active and passive control of nanoparticles in ternary nanofluids across a rotating sphere

The anticipation around future technologies has sparked a keen interest in the study of fluid flows, which include the intricate interplay of several aspects. The design of rotating machinery, cooling of rotating machinery parts, and fiber coating, among other applications, have all given practical importance to the issue of fluid flow from rotating surfaces. This study examines the behavior of a ternary nanofluid over a rotating sphere. Combining Tiwari and Das’s model with Buongiorno’s model is considered for the flow model. When combined with the condition of non-zero normal flux, the zero normal flux of nanoparticles at the surface aims to push the particles away from the surface. Boundary layer equations are used to formulate the physical flow problem, and after that, by using the appropriate variables, these equations are transformed into dimensionless forms. Additionally, mathematical computation software helps in obtaining a numerical solution. Utilizing graphs, it has been determined how different physical flow parameters affect the profiles of velocity, temperature, and concentration. Further, the wall’s heat and mass transfer rates and the skin friction coefficient are graphically assessed and discussed. The outcomes show that increasing acceleration and rotational parameters increases primary velocity and surface drag force while decreasing secondary velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. The concentration is reduced by Brownian and Schmidt's numbers while increasing for thermophoresis constraint. In both active and passive management of nanoparticles, the mass distribution rate improves for thermophoresis and Brownian parameters. Solid volume fraction improves the thermal distribution while declines the concentration.

Significance of irregular heat source and Arrhenius energy on electro-magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid flow over a rotating stretchable disk with nonlinear radiation

For its applications in nuclear reactors, food processing, chemical engineering, water emulsions and thermal power generating systems, the significance of irregular heat source and Arrhenius energy on electro-magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid flow over a rotating stretchable disk with nonlinear radiation have been investigated. The flow problem has been modeled utilizing the modified Buongiorno model and the thermophysical characteristics of water-based Cu − F e 3 O 4 hybrid nanoliquid. Effects like passive control of nanoparticles, hydrodynamic slip and convective boundary conditions are also heeded to boost the realistic nature of this work. Further, engineering quantities like moment coefficient and pumping efficiency of the disk are also elucidated which boosts the novelty of this research work. The modeled governing equations are transmuted into a system of first-order ODEs, with the help of apposite similarity transformations, which are then numerically resolved using the finite-difference based bvp5c algorithm. It is noticed that per unit increase in the electric parameter decreases the skin friction coefficient by 41.75% and increases the heat transfer rate by 15.31%. It is also observed that the entrainment velocity is directly proportional to the changes in electric field parameter and is inversely proportional to the changes in volume fraction of copper and magnetite nanoparticles.

Quadratic multiple regression model and spectral relaxation approach for carreau nanofluid inclined magnetized dipole along stagnation point geometry

Researchers across the world have tried to explore the impact of non-Newtonian liquid flowing via an extendable surface with the inclusion of various effects due to its industrial and engineering applications like polymer production, paper production, filament extrusion from a dye, etc. This study investigates the behavior of stagnation point flow of Carreau liquid attached with inclined magnetic effect and spectral relaxation approach is utilized here for the numerical outcome. In this study, a few other vital features are attached like the quadratic multiple regression model for Nusselt number evaluation, passive control of nanoparticles, viscus heating thermophoresis, Brownian motion, and mixed convection, etc. Velocity disbursement visibility is analyzed by placing an inclined magnetic field. Physical model generates collection of partial differential equations (PDEs) and these PDEs are moved into ordinary differential equations by a similarity transformations scheme. Further for numerical process, spectral relaxation method is used. Growth in K causes a reduction in velocity because this parameter K creates the impedance to flowing resulting in confines the movement of liquid in restricted the plate. Direct relation is found between Ec and the energy file. In the case of S > 1, physically it is a representation of Joule and viscous dissipations. This article is novel in its sense that the influence of oblique magnetic force and second order velocity slippage on Carreau nano liquid and its numerical computation with help of the spectral relaxation method has never been done before. Furthermore, the quadratic multiple regression model has been employed to find the heat transition rate in the status of the Nusselt number.

Regression analysis on MHD Darcy-Forchheimer hybrid nanoliquid flow over an elongated permeable sheet in a porous medium with hydrodynamic slip constraint: a realistic two-phase modified Buongiorno model

Injection and suction effects play a crucial role in astronomical disciplines, fuel injection, solar collector plate, thermal protection, and aerodynamics. Therefore, the dynamics of hydromagnetic Darcy-Forchheimer hybrid nanoliquid flow over an elongated permeable sheet in the presence of hydrodynamic slip and Newtonian boundary constraints is investigated. A realistic model considering the passive control of nanoparticles and the modified Buongiorno nanoliquid model has been utilised. The modelled partial differential equations are transmuted into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the aid of apposite similarity transformations which are then resolved numerically using the finite-difference based bvp5c routine. Regression analysis is employed to statistically scrutinise the relationship between the pertinent parameters and the drag coefficients. It is observed that the -directional velocity descends with the Forchheimer number and hydrodynamic slip parameter whereas the -directional velocity ascends with the stretching parameter. It is also noted that the Biot number and the volume fraction of copper nanoparticles have a constructive effect on the hybrid nanoliquid temperature. Furthermore, lower temperature and velocity profiles were exhibited by the suction case when compared with the injection case. An improved heat transfer rate is observed for higher values of Biot number and volume fraction of copper nanoparticles.

Active and Passive Controls of Nanoparticles in Bioconvection Nanofluid Flow Containing Gyrotactic Microorganisms

The present work deals with an investigation for the bioconvective flow of nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms over a permeable stretching surface embedded in a non-Darcy porous medium. Two varied cases of controlling nanoparticles say active and passive control have been studied. By introducing a similarity transformation, the governing boundary layer equations are converted into non-linear ordinary equations with pertinent boundary conditions and then solved numerically by a powerful programming MAPLE-18 which includes RK-4 method accompanied by shooting criteria. It is remarkably observed that the fluid velocity is decreased for the increasing value of the porosity parameter while it increases the fluid temperature for both types of control. Also, the present results divulge that the rate of heat transfer in the passive control model is remarkably higher than the active control model whereas the mass flux at the wall for the passive control model is lesser than the active control model.

Spectral relaxation approach and velocity slip stagnation point flow of inclined magnetized cross-nanofluid with a quadratic multiple regression model

In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of the second-order velocity slip phenomenon and stagnation point flow of cross nanofluid with a spectral relaxation approach over the geometry of porous medium is presented. Several other features are considered: mixed convection, passive control of nanoparticles, joules and viscous heating effect, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion. The velocity of the cross-nanofluid is judged by placing an inclined magnetic field. A set of partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using transform variables, and further ODEs are solved with the spectral relaxation approach, which is based on Gauss–Seidel relaxation method for computing numerical results. The numerical scheme using a physical quantity, the local Nusselt number, is made by quadratic multiple regression model and for the numerical solution of ODEs through Bvp4c. Comparison of the numerical values with quadratic multiple regression model and the Bvp4c technique is tabulated. This numerical outcome suggests that a large perturbation in the Nusselt Number is found when an increment in the thermophoretic parameter is given. Eckert number strengthens the thermophoretic and Brownian motion.

Active and passive control of nanoparticles in squeezing flow under the influence of magnetic field of variable intensity

According to researchers, the nano-particles utilized in nano-fluids are typically comprised of metals, oxides, carbides, or carbon nanotubes. Nano-fluids have a wide range of applications including heat transfer, soil remediation, lubrication, oil recovery, and detergency. The current study focuses on the investigation of the active and passive control of nanoparticles between the squeezing plates in the presence of a magnetic field. The traditional Navier-Stokes nano-fluid equation along with the Maxwell equation, the magnetic force term, the energy equation, and the volume fraction equation are converted into the ordinary differential equations for establishing natural parameters. The Coupled systems of non-linear ODEs are then solved numerically through parametric continuation method. The Nusselt number, entropy generation, and nanoparticles volume fractions profiles are shown graphically to see the effect of several parameter under consideration. For accuracy, the results obtained by PCM has been compared with the result by BVP4C. It has been observed that the increase in the squeezing parameter decreases the fluid temperature. The active control of nano-particles decreases the mass transfer while passive control increases the mass transfer. Also, the active and passive of nanoparticles increases the temperature gradient with the increase of thermophoresis parameter. The same but opposite behavior is also observed for mass transfer. The increase in [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] for active and passive of nanoparticles and boundary layer thickness decreases the entropy generation.

RETRACTED: Passive control of nanoparticles in stagnation point flow of Oldroyd-B nanofluid with aspect of magnetic dipole

The present research focuses on nanoparticle suspensions and flow properties in the context of their applications. The application of these materials in biological rheological models has piqued the attention of many researchers. Magneto nanoparticles have an important function in controlling the viscoelastic physiognomies of ferrofluid flows. Having such substantial interest in the flow of ferroliquids our vision is to discuss the stagnation point flow of ferromagnetic Oldroyd-B nanofluid through a stretching sheet. The Buongiorno nanofluid model with Brownian motion and thermophoretic properties is examined. A chemical reaction effect and porous medium is also taken into account. Moreover, the modelled equations are changed to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using suitable similarity transformations. Which are then solved using classical Runge-Kutta (RK) process with shooting technique. The solutions for the flow, thermal, concentration, skin friction, rate of heat and mass transfer features are attained numerically and presented graphically. The significant results of the current study are that, the growing values of ferromagnetic interaction parameter and porosity parameter declines the velocity profile. The rising values of chemical reaction rate parameter and Brownian motion parameter declines the mass transfer but inverse behaviour is seen for augmented values of thermophoresis parameter.

Active and passive control of nanoparticles in ferromagnetic Jeffrey fluid flow

AbstractThe rheology of non‐Newtonian liquids has fascinated several researchers due to their wide‐ranging applications in manufacturing and engineering sectors like plastic processing, the mining industry, and lubrication. Also, the features of ferromagnetic non‐Newtonian fluids make it supportive for extensive usage in loudspeakers, magnetic resonance imaging, computer hard drives, directing of magnetic drugs, and magnetic hyperthermia. Owing to such potential applications, the current study is concerned with the heat and mass transfer analysis in a ferromagnetic Jeffrey liquid flow over a stretching sheet. In the flow problem, Brownian moment, magnetic dipole, and thermophoresis features are used. The active and passive control of nanomaterials is also considered in the modeling. Using appropriate similarity transformations, the modeling equations are converted to ordinary differential equations, then these equations are solved using the Runge–Kutta process and the shooting approach. The numerical and graphical solutions for the thermal profile, concentration profile, skin friction, rate of heat, and mass transfer characteristics are obtained. The significant results of the current study are that the thermal profile is strongly stimulated and increases faster for active control case than passive control case for augmented values of thermophoresis parameter. The heat transfer is strongly stimulated and decreases faster for passive control case than active control case for growing values of Deborah number. The mass transfer rate decreases faster for the active control case for increasing values of Schmidt number.

Exploration of bioconvection flow of MHD thixotropic nanofluid past a vertical surface coexisting with both nanoparticles and gyrotactic microorganisms

This communication presents analysis of gravity-driven flow of a thixotropic fluid containing both nanoparticles and gyrotactic microorganisms along a vertical surface. To further describe the transport phenomenon, special cases of active and passive controls of nanoparticles are investigated. The governing partial differential equations of momentum, energy, nanoparticles concentration, and density of gyrotactic microorganisms equations are converted and parameterized into system of ordinary differential equations and the series solutions are obtained through Optimal Homotopy Analysis Method (OHAM). The related important parameters are tested and shown on the velocity, temperature, concentration and density of motile microorganisms profiles. It is observed that for both cases of active and passive control of nanoparticles, incremental values of thermophoretic parameters corresponds to decrease in the velocity distributions and augment the temperature distributions.

Mixed Convection Flow of Powell–Eyring Nanofluid near a Stagnation Point along a Vertical Stretching Sheet

A stagnation-point flow of a Powell–Eyring nanofluid along a vertical stretching surface is examined. The buoyancy force effect due to mixed convection is taken into consideration along with the Brownian motion and thermophoresis effect. The flow is investigated under active and passive controls of nanoparticles at the surface. The associating partial differential equations are converted into a set of nonlinear, ordinary differential equations using similarity conversions. Then, the equations are reduced to first-order differential equations before further being solved using the shooting method and bvp4c function in MATLAB. All results are presented in graphical and tabular forms. The buoyancy parameter causes the skin friction coefficient to increase in opposing flows but to decrease in assisting flows. In the absence of buoyancy force, there is no difference in the magnitude of the skin friction coefficient between active and passive controls of the nanoparticles. Stagnation has a bigger influence under passive control in enhancing the heat transfer rate as compared to when the fluid is under active control. Assisting flows have better heat and mass transfer rates with a lower magnitude of skin friction coefficient as compared to opposing flows. In this case, the nanofluid parameters, the Brownian motion, and thermophoresis altogether reduce the overall heat transfer rates of the non-Newtonian nanofluid.

An investigation on Arrhenius activation energy of second grade nanofluid flow with active and passive control of nanomaterials

The main goal of current research is to analyze the influences of Arrhenius activation energy in heat and mass transfer of second grade nanofluid flow. The governing equations are modeled with non–linear thermal radiation, elastic deformation of second grade nanofluid, Brownian motion, thermophoresis and Arrhenius activation energy. The momentum slip, active and passive controls of nanoparticles are assumed in the boundary. Similarity transformations, Runge-Kutta of order four and shooting methods are used to solve the governing equations. Graphical results are presented. It is found that the concentration profile augments with activation energy and decreases with exponential fitted rate. The local Nusselt number is increased with activation energy and decreased with elastic deformation and exponential fitted rate.

An entropy approach of Williamson nanofluid flow with Joule heating and zero nanoparticle mass flux

The important focus of this research is to investigate the features of MHD radiative Williamson nanofluid flow caused by a stretchable surface entrenched in a porous medium with Joule heating, convective heating and passive controls of nanoparticles. The heat flux is modelled based on the Christov–Cattaneo heat flux theory. Nanofluid contains thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects. Additionally, the entropy generation of Williamson nanofluid is calculated via the second law of thermodynamics. The governing partial differential equations are modified into nonlinear ordinary differential systems by applying appropriate similarity transformations. Homotopy progress is used to solve the nonlinear ordinary differential systems. Outcomes of magnetic field, Weissenberg number, radiation, Eckert number, Brownian motion, Bejan number and entropy generation of different parameters are discussed in detail. Moreover, skin friction, heat and mass transfer rates are evaluated. The comparison of skin friction and Nusselt number is validated, and the results have been reported.

Analysis of active and passive control of nanoparticles in viscoelastic nanomaterial inspired by activation energy and chemical reaction

Activation energy is an important role in chemical reaction because the factor is very useful in the application of geothermal reservoir engineering, oil emulsions and water mechanics. Based on this observation investigated the role of activation energy and chemical reaction in viscoelastic liquid past a stretching surface. Buongiorno’s model is used in this study. Nonlinear thermal radiation is incorporated in the energy equation. Convective type boundary condition is implemented. Mass transport performance is analyzed through zero normal flux condition. Solution of the nonlinear equations is obtained by adopting RKF method of fourth and fifth order. The dimensionless numbers on velocity curve, temperature curve and nanoparticle volume concentration curve is elaborated. Further engineering curiosity of drag coefficient, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are tabulated, depicted and interpreted. It is noted that rise of reaction rate and activation energy decelerates the local Nusselt number and accelerates the local Sherwood number.

Quadratic multiple regression model and spectral relaxation approach to analyse stagnation point nanofluid flow with second-order slip

The present paper is concerned to study the influence of second-order slip, mixed convection, viscous and Joule dissipations, thermophoretic and Brownian diffusions on steady stagnation point nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium with passive control of nanoparticles. Graphs for velocity, temperature and concentration of present nanofluid flow model, obtained by using spectral relaxation method, are discussed in detail for various parameters. Apart from it, present results are verified by previously available results as well as regression analysis is performed for the local Nusselt number for making this model more effective in industries and engineering. From the statistical analysis of local Nusselt number, it is suggested that small variation in thermophoretic parameter leads to large perturbation in local Nusselt number in comparison to Brownian motion parameter, and the presence of Eckert number leads to strengthen Brownian and thermophoretic diffusions.

Interactions of Active and Passive Control of Nanoparticles on Radiative Magnetohydrodynamics Flow of Nanofluid Over Oscillatory Rotating Disk in Porous Medium

Interactions of Active and Passive Control of Nanoparticles on Radiative Magnetohydrodynamics Flow of Nanofluid Over Oscillatory Rotating Disk in Porous Medium