Active and Passive Controls of Nanoparticles in Bioconvection Nanofluid Flow Containing Gyrotactic Microorganisms

Abstract

The present work deals with an investigation for the bioconvective flow of nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms over a permeable stretching surface embedded in a non-Darcy porous medium. Two varied cases of controlling nanoparticles say active and passive control have been studied. By introducing a similarity transformation, the governing boundary layer equations are converted into non-linear ordinary equations with pertinent boundary conditions and then solved numerically by a powerful programming MAPLE-18 which includes RK-4 method accompanied by shooting criteria. It is remarkably observed that the fluid velocity is decreased for the increasing value of the porosity parameter while it increases the fluid temperature for both types of control. Also, the present results divulge that the rate of heat transfer in the passive control model is remarkably higher than the active control model whereas the mass flux at the wall for the passive control model is lesser than the active control model.