Insight into the dynamics of active and passive controls over the measurement of thermal conductivity of nanofluids subject to magnetic field and thermal radiation through the stretching surface

Abstract

In comparison to conventional heat transfer fluids, nanofluids tend to significantly enhance thermal efficiency. This extensive study is to enhance heat transformation while accounting for the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid flow with the impact of non-linear thermal radiation and an irregular heat source over the stretching sheet. The impact of Arrhenius activation energy on active and passive controls of nanoparticles, thermophoresis, and Brownian diffusion has elaborated. The system of partial differential equations is first represented mathematically and then converted into the system of ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformations. The influence of various parameters is displayed numerically through tables, graphical impact, and surface plots on heat and mass transfer, micro-rotation distribution, and the Nusselt number. It is noticed that the temperature profile is intensified with increasing values of the temperature ratio parameter and thermal radiation (Rd) with active and passive controls. The impact of the magnetic field Biot number and thermophoresis parameter on the heat transfer rate has been scrutinized. .