Passiflora Ligularis Research Articles

Antidiabetic Effect of Passiflora ligularis Leaves in High Fat-Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global public health concern, prompting the ongoing search for new treatment options. Medicinal plants have emerged as one such alternative. Our objective was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of an extract from the leaves of Passiflora ligularis (P. ligularis). For this purpose, T2DM was first induced in mice using a high-fat diet and low doses of streptozotocin. Subsequently, an aqueous extract or an ethanolic extract of P. ligularis leaves was administered for 21 days. The following relevant results were found: fasting blood glucose levels were reduced by up to 41%, and by 29% after an oral glucose overload. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was reduced by 59%. Histopathologically, better preservation of pancreatic tissue was observed. Regarding oxidative stress parameters, there was an increase of up to 48% in superoxide dismutase (SOD), an increase in catalase (CAT) activity by 35% to 80%, and a decrease in lipid peroxidation (MDA) by 35% to 80% in the liver, kidney, or pancreas. Lastly, regarding the lipid profile, triglycerides (TG) were reduced by up to 30%, total cholesterol (TC) by 35%, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) by up to 32%, while treatments increased high-density lipoproteins (HDL) by up to 35%. With all the above, we can conclude that P. ligularis leaves showed antihyperglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects, making this species promising for the treatment of T2DM.

Phytoparasitic and free-living nematodes associated with the cultivation of Passiflora ligularis Juss. in the Sandia Valley, Puno Region, Peru

The identification of phytoparasitic nematodes, which is essential for the implementation of management strategies, is required for further study. The objective of this work was to identify, at the genus level, the phytoparasites and free-living nematodes associated with the cultivation of sweet granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss.) in the valley of Sandia, region Puno, Peru. For the study, 165 soil samples were evaluated, coming from eight communities from the district of Sandia, during the agricultural season 2018–2019. The samples were processed by the method of centrifugal fluctuation in sucrose solution, later identified on the basis of morphological characteristics. The results showed the presence of seven genera of phytoparasitic nematodes, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Mesocriconema, Xiphinema, Tylenchus, and Hemicycliophora, and two genera of free-living nematodes, Aphelenchus and Dorylaimus. The most harmful genera were Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus because they cause damage to other crops. In the nematode community, there was variability in the density and frequency of phytoparasitic and free-living nematodes in the evaluated localities.

Molecular identification of bacteria (Klebsiella aerogenes, PP335235) isolated from street food (Fried Rice); study of its antibiotic sensitivity pattern and probiotic fortification of fruit juice (Fragaria ananassa, Passiflora ligularis and Phyllanthus e

Street food is an integral part of India's culinary culture, offering patrons a wide range of affordable options. However, concerns about the public's health risks associated with street food consumption persist due to inadequate infrastructure and the transient nature of street vendors. Contaminated street food can lead to foodborne illnesses such as gastroenteritis, typhoid fever, pneumonia, food poisoning, and hepatitis A. Probiotics, which are beneficial bacteria, are potentially effective by targeting specific infections. Probiotic-enriched fruit drinks present an innovative approach to improving population nutrition and probiotic provision. Lactobacillus gasseri is a gram-positive bacterium that has been demonstrated to be a promising strain of probiotic due to its resistance to acidity and beneficial effects on gut health. Alginate encapsulation improves the stability and release of probiotic strain. Probiotic fruit juices can be made from fruits that are rich in antioxidants and nutrients, such as Passiflora ligularis, Fragaria ananassa, and Phyllanthus emblica. The aim of this study was to use molecular methods to discover Klebsiella aerogenes (PP335235) isolated from street foods. The study also sought to determine the isolate's pattern of antibiotic sensitivity and explore the potential of fortifying fruit juice with Lactobacillus gasseri as a probiotic nutraceutical therapeutic strategy.

Physico‐chemical characteristics of flours obtained from raw, roasted and autoclaved Cucurbita, Passiflora and Annona seeds

SummaryFruit seeds often have interesting nutritional characteristics as well as antinutrients, which may be inactivated by thermal processes. The aim of this work was to study the characteristics of flours obtained from raw, roasted or autoclaved (121 °C, 10 min) seeds of Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita ficifolia, Passiflora ligularis, Annona cherimola and Annona muricata by analysing their chemical composition, protein in vitro digestibility, content of antinutrients (tannins, phytates and oxalates) and functional properties. All the flours presented high protein (15.3–36.7 g/100 g) and fat (22.7–41.8 g/100 g) contents. Roasting and autoclaving increased in vitro protein digestibility (from 45.6% to 57.8% and 72.1%, respectively) and decreased antinutrient content (from 100.3 to 75.6 and 82.0 mg tannins/100 g; from 158.1 to 137.8 and 104.0 mg phytates/100 g; from 19.6 to 12.8 and 13.3 mg oxalates/100 g, respectively). Water and oil absorption capacities increased, while emulsion and foaming capacities as well as bulk density decreased during thermal processing. The flours from autoclaved seeds showed improved nutritional and functional characteristics and could be considered as functional food ingredients for direct human consumption and/or in food mixtures. Future studies should be performed to evaluate the presence of allergens and other possible risk factors.

Preliminary Studies of Arsenic Adsorption Using Activated Carbons Synthetized from Kagneckia Lanceolata and Passiflora Ligularis

Preliminary Studies of Arsenic Adsorption Using Activated Carbons Synthetized from Kagneckia Lanceolata and Passiflora Ligularis

Artificial infection with Fusarium solani f.sp. passiflorae in plants of passion fruit under controlled conditions

Controlled infection systems constitute a valuable tool in the study of pathosystems, as they enable the observation and measurement of specific characteristics with greater precision and ease compared to natural conditions. Additionally, they are useful for exploring and identifying sources of resistance in host populations. However, the plant's response to infection can vary depending on the inoculation method; invasive methods can damage plant parts, thus facilitating pathogen entry even in the presence of certain resistance mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of an artificial infection protocol and an assessment scale for primary symptoms at the stem base/root collar, as well as secondary symptoms in leaves and roots of two Passiflora species. We evaluated the effects of inoculating planting substrates of sweet granadilla and purple passion fruit plants with three concentrations of F. solani f. sp. passiflorae (0.5 × 106, 1 × 106, and 2 × 106 conidia gram-1 of substrate), using non-inoculated plants as controls under controlled conditions. These treatments were tested in two separate experiments performed in 2017 and 2020. The study included symptom development readings integrated in a disease severity index (SI) for collar rot. Both experiments showed severity indices greater that 56%, indicating a high level of efficacy of the inoculation system for replicating disease symptoms in greenhouse settings. Our inoculation method reflects the conditions of natural infection of F. solani in sweet granadilla and purple passion fruit plants; it could be suitable for epidemiological and disease control studies, as well as for routine germplasm screening to identify sources of resistance.

Plant-mediated green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of Passiflora ligularis, optimization, characterizations, and their neuroprotective effect on propionic acid-induced autism in Wistar rats

The current study was conducted to examine an innovative method for synthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from an aqueous sweet granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss) P. ligularis. Furthermore, the synthesized AuNPs were used to explore their potential neuroprotective impact against propionic acid (PPA)-induced autism. A sweet granadilla extract was used to achieve the synthesis of AuNPs. The structural and dimensional dispersion of AuNPs were confirmed by different techniques, including UV–Vis spectrophotometer (UV–Vis), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Pattern, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Zeta potential, and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) analysis. The AuNPs mediated by P. ligularis adopt a spherical shape morphology and the particle size was distributed in the range of 8.43–13 nm without aggregation. Moreover, in vivo, the anti-autistic effects of AuNPs administration were higher than those of P. ligularis extract per second. In addition, the reduced anxiety and neurobehavioral deficits of AuNPs were observed in autistic rats which halted the brain oxidative stress, reduced inflammatory cytokines, ameliorated neurotransmitters, and neurochemical release, and suppressed apoptotic genes (p < 0.05). The alleviated antiapoptotic gene expression and histopathological analysis confirmed that the treatment of AuNPs showed significant neural pathways that aid in reducing tissue damage and necrosis. The results emphasize that the biomedical activity was increased by using the green source synthesis P. ligularis -AuNPs. Additionally, the formulation of AuNPs demonstrates strong neuroprotective effects against PPA-induced autism that were arbitrated by a range of different mechanisms, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuromodulator, and antiapoptotic effects.

Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity, Tyrosinase Inhibition, and Stability of Face Mask Cream Formulation from Sweet Granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss) Seed Fraction

The face mask has been widely used by consumers as a skin care product. In addition, masks made from natural ingredients have become one of the consumers' choices. This study aimed to evaluate facial mask cream from sweet granadilla fraction related to antioxidant activity, tyrosinase inhibition, and physical stability of the preparation for 12w. The fraction used was the ethyl acetate fraction from sweet granadilla seeds (Passiflora ligularis Juss), which was formulated in a face mask cream preparation and tested for antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP), tyrosinase inhibition, and stability of the preparation during 12w of storage. Face mask cream showed very strong antioxidant activity at F2(2% seed ethyl acetate fraction) at a temperature of 30±2oC and 40± 2oC compared to F1(1% seed ethyl acetate fraction). Meanwhile, the best inhibition of tyrosinase was at F2 at a temperature of 40±2oC. The physical stability test still met the requirements. However, a slight decrease in antioxidant activity and tyrosinase inhibition occurred after 12 w of storage at temperatures 30±2oC and 40±2oC (F1 and F2). In conclusion, the 2% seed ethyl acetate fraction formulation met the standards and was relatively stable at 30±2oC during 12w of storage.

Contamination of Fruits, Soil Water Due to The Use of Agrochemicals in (Passiflora Ligularis), Oxapampa-Peru

The conventional agriculture allowed the farmers being dependent to the mass and frequent use of pesticides, originating contamination of fruits, ground, water of escorrentía. Objective was To Determine the concentration of metals weighed in Passiflora's fruits ligularis produced at grounds and escorrentía's water with remains of metals weighed by intensive agroquímicos's use at Oxapampa's district. Himself I utilize the Experimental Comparative Design No. Determined him Arsénico's concentration, Mercury, Plomo, Cadmio, Cobre in signs collected of fields of production of three (ABC) previous groups you poll farmers. Results: You met the. Arsenic 0.004mg/Kg (Ch1Af), mercury 0,002 mg/Kg (Ab1Af, Ab2Af), lead 0,005 mg/Kg ( Ab1Af ), cadmium 0,004 mg/Kg ( Ab1Af, Ch1Af, PaCf ), copper 0,5 mg/Kg ( Ch2Af ). Ground Arsénico Ch1As, ARP3Cs 0,08 mg/Kg, mercury Ch1As, ARP3Cs, SA2Cs, PaCs 0,08 mg/Kg; I seal with lead Ch1As, ARP2Cs, Ch2As, AcAs, PaCs 0,08 mg/Kg, cadmium Acuzazú AcAs, 0,3 mg/Kg, copper Ab2Bs, Ch1As 30 mg/Kg. Water down of escorrentia; Arsenic SA2Ca 0.005mg/Kg, mercury Ch2Aa 0,008 mg/Kg, lead CaBa, QllAa, Ch3Ba 0,005 mg/Kg, cadmium Ab2Ba, AcAa, SA1Ba 0,004 mg/Kg, copper SA1Ba 1,5 mg/Kg. Conclusion: You had loud moral values of concentration of metals weighed at ground, water, fruits passing the maximum permissible limit.

PRIMER REGISTRO DE Tosale oviplagalis (Walker) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) COMO PLAGA PERFORADORA DEL FRUTO DE Passiflora ligularis (Juss, 1805), EN EL BOSQUE HÚMEDO MONTANO CARPISH, PERÚ

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background&lt;/strong&gt;. No previous records of &lt;em&gt;Tosale oviplagalis&lt;/em&gt; (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as an agricultural pest have been found. In Peru, the Chinchao area is part of the conservation area of the Carpish Montane Regional Forest, currently an expansion area for passion fruit (&lt;em&gt;Passiflora ligularis&lt;/em&gt; Juss) cultivation and is home to endemic insect species that can access new food resources in the areas with crops. of cultivation. In 2019, the first reports of damage to granadilla fruits caused by these insects emerged. Objective&lt;strong&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; To register &lt;em&gt;T. oviplagalis&lt;/em&gt; species for the first time as an agricultural pest in granadilla fruits and to showe its damage. &lt;strong&gt;Methodology&lt;/strong&gt;. The larvae of the species were collected together with the immature damaged fruits of granadilla between the months of February and August of the year 2019, in the Chinchao-Huánuco-Peru area located between 2110 to 3690 masl; Subsequently, the breeding in the laboratory and the respective identification were carried out. Damage observations and descriptions were made in the field and in the laboratory. &lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;. In the larval state, the insect pierces the fruits, enters and feeds on the internal part of the epicarp, on its way it forms tunnels under the epidermis and usually takes refuge internally in the insertion of the peduncle, they complete their development and in the last stage occupying the same entrance orifice, they abandon the fruit, letting themselves fall to the ground to pupate. &lt;strong&gt;Implications&lt;/strong&gt;. The study presents new information on the pest habits of the species &lt;em&gt;T. oviplagalis.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions&lt;/strong&gt;. The species &lt;em&gt;T. oviplagalis&lt;/em&gt; is recorded for the first time as a pest on the fruits of granadilla (&lt;em&gt;P. ligularis&lt;/em&gt;). It was possible to show its damage, at the beginning with a small hole in the fruit through which the larval entered, completely deteriorated fruits and the complete development of the larva within the damaged fruit.&lt;/p&gt;

Functional Traits in Bees: the Role of Body Size and Hairs in the Pollination of a Passiflora Crop.

Pollination is a vitally important function in nature and becomes an ecosystem service because it influences the food and nutritional security for people. However, the contribution of different functional traits of insects for pollen transport of plants is still poorly known. We explore the relationship between pollinator insect functional traits and the transport of pollen of sweet granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss) in eight crops. We sampled flower-visiting insects of this crop and recorded 10 functional traits (five by direct measurements and five from the literature) that were related to the amount of pollen carried by each insect. Bees (Apidae) were not only the most abundant insects but also the ones that loaded the highest amounts of pollen. Within these, the most abundant species was the exotic common honeybee (Apis mellifera (Linnaeus)) makingup almost half of the specimens collected; however, this bee carried less pollen grains than other native bees. Bombus hortulanus (Smith) was one of the large-bodied native bees that carried more sweet granadilla pollen, despite not being an abundant species in the community. Body size was the most important trait determining the transport of sweet granadilla pollen, while the traits related to body hairs were not significant for the body's pollen load. None of the functional traits evaluated was influenced by taxonomy at species-level. Our results suggest that large body sizes in bees are the most important traits in granadilla pollen transport, regardless of other changes in composition and structure of pollinating insect assemblages in the crop.

Generation of analytical food composition data for traditionally consumed fruits and vegetables in Costa Rica

The objective of this research was to generate food composition data for fruits and vegetables of traditional consumption in Costa Rica. The sampling plan was carried out considering seasonality, producing areas, commercialization, and cultivar. The number of primary samples (n) was determined using Cochran’s formula with a coefficient of variation of 12% and a maximum estimated error (r) of 5% for the content of vitamin C in fruits and vegetables. The samples were collected in wholesale markets of Costa Rica. Eleven foods were analyzed in the form that they are usually consumed. A determination of mass (g), size (cm), and edible fraction, was made, and the following nutrients were analyzed (in triplicate): protein, fat, fatty acid profile, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, content of minerals (Na, Ca, K, P, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg, Se), fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins. The analyzed foods were Cas (Costa Rican guava, Psidium friedrichsthalianum), Granadilla (Passiflora ligularis), Jocote (Spondias purpurea), Sweet lime (Citrus limettioides), Water apple (Syzygium malaccense), Cashew (Anacardium occidentale), Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), Peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) and Tacaco (Sechium tacaco). Tacaco is endemic to Costa Rica. Most of these fruits and vegetables provide significant amounts of fiber, some minerals, and vitamins, especially vitamin C.

Potential Hypoglycemic and Antilipidemic Activity of Polyphenols from Passiflora ligularis (Granadilla).

The consumption of fruits or by-products from plants of the Passifloraceae family has been associated with multiple health and nutritional benefits, due to their phenolic compound content. Likewise, the effects of polyphenols from Camellia sinensis (green tea) have been explored and are considered a reference for different biological actions of these bioactive substances. This study compared the hypoglycemic and antilipemic activity of polyphenol-rich extracts of Passiflora ligularis Juss (passion fruit) and Camellia sinensis (green tea) given to a group of Wistar rats induced to be overweight. The individuals were subjected to three doses of supplementation of both sources of polyphenols in the drinking water. An additional group without polyphenol supplementation served as a control group. Water consumption, weight gain, glycemia, cholesterol, serum triglycerides and percentage of fecal ethereal extracts were analyzed. Although Passiflora ligularis Juss had five times less polyphenol content than Camellia sinensis, rats fed doses of 2.5 and 3.0 g/L Passiflora ligularis Juss showed reduced glycemia by 16%, suggesting an antiglycemic activity similar to that of Camellia sinensis. On the other hand, higher doses of polyphenols from Passiflora ligularis Juss and Camellia sinensis significantly reduced triglyceride levels (p = 0.05) by more than 17% compared to the unsupplemented control group. The polyphenol-rich extracts produced effective inhibitory activity of lipemic metabolites with a reduction in the percentage of fecal lipids (p < 0.05), with no side effects on liver tissue. The 3.0 g/L dose produced the best result on signs of metabolic syndrome associated with excess weight. Polyphenols extracted from fresh Colombian passion fruit showed the potential to decrease metabolic syndrome risk factors in a murine model.

Characterization of Passiflora edulis accessions with sweet taste potential in Padang

A sweet fruit taste of passion fruit is produced by Passiflora ligularis, which adapts in around 1400 masl. Some P. edulis accessions which wide elevation adaptation was reported to have a sweet fruit taste. This study aimed to examine the morphological characteristics of progenies from red- and yellow-rind passion fruit and obtain an adaptive sweet passion fruit accession in low-elevation conditions. A total of 118 progenies of P. edulis classified as their parents’ rind color and fruit shape were germinated in October 2021 and transplanted to the field after two months in Padang city at 163 masl elevations. The characterization was conducted by observing all accessions which produced ripe fruits until September 2022. Results from 35 accessions showed variation in quantitative characters, while similar qualitative characters in stem, leaf, and flower among accessions, except tendril and stem color. The noticeable differences between the accessions are fruit characteristics. Round red-rind accessions have the heaviest fruit (102.05g). Yellow-rind passion fruit has a sweetness level of 19.5°brix, sweeter than oval red-rind (17.04°brix) and round red-rind (16°brix). Accession KK 42, ML 44 and MB 26 reveal high TSS, i.e. 20, 19 and 18°brix, respectively; however, no accession has a sweet taste fruit. A recessive allele may control the sweet taste character. Segregation of the genes that control carbohydrate metabolism into sugar in fruits and outcrosses occurring among accessions are responsible for the variation in fruit characteristics.

Soil, Runoff Water Contaminated with Agrochemicals, their Relationship in Fruits (Passiflora ligularis) Oxapampa-Pasco

It was investigated in the district of Oxapampa, a place of high production of granadilla, where it was observed that farmers frequently use pesticides, they are protagonists of contaminating the soil, runoff water and that it is directly related to the quality of the fruit. The objective was to evaluate the relationship of soil and runoff water, in the concentration of heavy metals in fruits of (Passiflora ligularis), in the sectors; del Abra (Ab), Chacos (Ch), Quillazú (Qll), Acuzazú (Ac), Cañera (Ca), San Alberto (SA), Alto Río Pisco (ARP) and Paraíso (Pa). The Non-experimental and Correlative Design was used. The concentration correlation of As, Hg, Cd, Cu and Pb found in samples collected from soil and water from production fields of three groups (ABC) of farmers, as well as their relationship with the contamination of the fruits was determined. Whose results: Soil-Fruit: Determination index R 2 = (0.013 (As), 0.1348(Hg), 0.1189 (Pb), 0.0079 (Cd) and 0.1577 (Cu)). Runoff water- Fruit: R 2 = (0.109 (As), 0.1586 (Hg), 0.0005 (Pb), 0.0197 (Cd) and 0.0065 (Cu)); statistically it indicates that there is no linear correlation. interpreting for each unit in mg/Kg of each heavy metal that takes the independent variable of contaminated soil and water, there is an increase or decrease in the concentration of metals in the fruit, according to values of the angular coefficient in mg/Kg (As, Hg, Pb, Cd and Cu), according to Pearson, significance (α=0.05) was higher, accepting the null hypothesis, rejecting the alternative hypothesis. Conclusion: the concentrations of heavy metals found in the production fields do not statistically influence the concentration of metals in the fruits.

Valorization of granadilla waste (Passiflora ligularis, Juss.) by sequential green extraction processes based on pressurized fluids to obtain bioactive compounds

The development of food waste biorefineries based on clean technologies applied to recover value-added bioactive compounds has been triggered by the need to reduce food waste to mitigate its effects on climate change. This work aimed to develop a sequential extraction process from granadilla seeds in two stages, following the biorefinery approach, using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) to recover an oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in a first stage; and phenolic compounds-rich extract from the defatted seeds in a second stage using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). In the first stage, the optimized SFE at 20 MPa and 40 °C yielded 24.84% of a PUFA-rich oil. In the second stage, by comparing PLE with UAE, the results demonstrated that PLE performed at 70 °C and 10 MPa with the 75% EtOH was more efficient than UAE to recover phenolic compounds from granadilla seeds.

Total Polyphenols, Total Flavonoids, Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of Tyrosinase Enzymes from Extract and Fraction of Passiflora ligularis Juss

Background: Sweet granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss) grows in the cool highlands of Indonesia, one of which is the province of West Sumatera. Sweet granadilla has potent antioxidant activity and can inhibit the tyrosinase enzyme. Objective: This study was performed to determine content of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, tyrosinase inhibition in different part of P. ligularis extract and fraction. Materials and Methods: Leaves, stems, peels and seeds P. ligularis were separately extracted by the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method using 70% ethanol. Then, the ethanol extract was fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and distilled water. The ethanol extract and active fraction were determining antioxidant activity using FRAP and DPPH method, inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme, total polyphenol and total flavonoid content. This study was equipped with analysis of light microscopy, SEM microscopy and LC-MS. Results: The highest total polyphenol content was found in the seed extract 176.22 ± 1.51 mg GAE/g extract and total flavonoid content was found in leaves extract 5.77 ± 0.48 mg QE/g extract. The highest antioxidant activity by FRAP method was found in seeds extract 80.79 ± 1.29 g Fe2SO4 equivalent/100 g extract and DPPH method was found in stem extract with IC50 value 9.00 ± 0.09. The highest percentage of tyrosinase inhibition (1 mg/ml) was found in seed extract 52.4 ± 2,55 %. In fraction of seed extract show that ethyl acetate fraction most active than others. Conclusion: These results indicate that ethyl acetate fraction of seed P. ligularis has potent antioxidants and good inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme.

Molecular characterization of Fusarium spp. associated vascular wilt in passion fruit (Passiflora ligularis JUSS)

In Colombia, vascular rotting of passion fruit (P. ligularis) caused by the fungus Fusarium is considered the most important pathological problem in the cultivation of this fruit. Plants affected by the pathogen wilt and die, causing considerable yield losses and increased production costs. The objective of this work was to determine the genetic variability of the Fusarium species associated with this disease. For this, 50 samples were collected from producing farms in three municipalities of the department of Nariño. A total of 35 isolates were characterized morphologically and molecularly. The morphological identification was carried out using taxonomic keys. Molecular characterization was performed by PCR with primers ITS1 – ITS4 and TEF1α. The PCR products were sent to Macrogen (Korea) for sequencing. Sequencing results indicated that Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. passiflorae is associated as a causal agent of the disease. In addition, the presence of Ilyonectria robusta was determined, which, has not been reported before in passion fruit plants. The phylogenetic analysis allowed determine that there was little variability among the isolates evaluated; no grouping was observed associated to the geographical origin of the samples. The morphological characters corroborated the species information obtained from the molecular analysis.

Effect of biochar use as a substrate on granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss.) growth parameters

The impact of biochar on soils has been demonstrated, including its improvements of physical, chemical, and biological properties that promote agricultural production. This study aims to evaluate the effect of biochar on the growth of granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss.) seedlings. For this research, biochar was obtained from the pyrolysis of agricultural waste in a conical flame curtain reactor at temperatures between 400ºC and 500ºC for 90 min. The different biomasses used consisted of cholupa (Passiflora maliformis L.) fruit shells, residues of guamo (Inga spuria) wood, coffee (Coffea arabica L.) husks, and rice (Oryza sativa L.) husks. The biochar produced was mixed with Jiffy® brand peat in doses of 5%, 10%, and 20% (v/v) for each of the four types of biochar, with a control of 100% peat. For each treatment, 100 seedlings were planted, taking 12 random samples of each at 43, 57, and 71 d after sowing. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene test, followed by a factorial analysis of variance, evaluating variables such as dry weight, root length, leaf number, stem diameter, and chlorophyll index. The biochar obtained from the coffee husk promoted further growth, but its effectiveness decreased at a concentration of 20%.

Parasitoids of Dasiops (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) in sweet granadilla orchards in an Andean forest of Peru

ABSTRACT We report hymenopteran larval and pupal parasitoids of the Dasiops species in sweet granadilla (Passiflora ligularis J.) orchards in a Peruvian Andean forest. Flower bud and fruit samples infested by Dasiops were collected in three orchards from Oxapampa (Pasco, Peru). In addition, we exposed non-parasitized Dasiops pupae at ground level to verify the presence of pupal parasitoids. We identified Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) and Opius sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on flower buds infested b.y Dasiops inedulis Steyskal. However, Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) emerged from D. frieseni pupae reared from unripe fruits. Also, the pupal parasitoids Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Coptera sp. (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) emerged from pupae of both D. inedulis and D. frieseni exposed to parasitism at ground level. Our findings shed new light into new interactions for species in the genus Dasiops and their larval and pupal parasitoids in sweet granadilla agroecosystems from the Neotropical region.