Passenger Transport Network Research Articles

Accessibility of urban agglomeration integrated passenger transport network considering travel impedance

Accessibility of urban agglomeration integrated passenger transport network considering travel impedance

Модель региональной транспортной сети для построения рациональных мультимодальных маршрутов пассажирских перевозок

Purpose: Adaptation of methods of constructing models of transport networks for the development of rational multimodal routes of regional passenger transportation, as well as the creation of a software product for the practical implementation of the proposed algorithms. Methods: Mathematical modeling; graph theory for solving regional transportation problems with construction of two-level oriented weighted multigraphs; Analysis of existing algorithms for optimizing the search for graph solutions; Dijkstra’s algorithm. Results: The model of the regional passenger transport network has been implemented in the form of a calculation program developed by the authors. In this program, the schedule of the movement of all transport points under consideration is the initial data, and the result is the construction of rational multimodal routes. The calculation program is compiled from several modules that implement the following functionality in general: reading input data from files; the formation of an array of connections for the problems under consideration; search for a rational solution and output of the received data while saving it to the file. The optimization criterion when choosing a route can be the minimum travel time, distance, or cost of the trip, depending on the task and input data provided. The resulting array of data with the results has been further analyzed using the MS Excel table editor. This approach is selected due to sufficient flexibility when performing a variety of data analysis and the convenience of graphic presentation of the results. Practical significance: The development of rational multimodal routes, relevant primarily for cases of abrupt changes in transport relations, in which the extrapolation methods of existing passenger flow do not provide reliable forecast data. Justification of the adjustment of the schedules of regional passenger routes based on the results of the analysis of the demand and the load of their specific segments.

Improving Transport Services in Bryansk

The object of the study of the article is the passenger transport network of the city of Bryansk. The task of improving transport services for the population is solved in the context of modernising vehicle fleet, transport infrastructure and in-depth implementation of digital technologies. The analytical method allowed to assess the state of the transport system of the city of Bryansk. The assessment touched upon several interrelated areas that provide a high quality of transport services. The data were obtained by studying open Internet resources, including the website of the administration of the city of Bryansk, and through field observations. Work on updating the fleet of route vehicles is carried out within the framework of the «Concept for development of public transport in the city of Bryansk for the period 2015–2025», which over the past four years has led to a significant renewal of the bus fleet of medium and large capacity and to the decrease in the share of buses of small capacity. The road network has also been significantly upgraded. The routes of urban passenger transport have been analysed from the point of view of the degree of duplication. Guidelines for improving the routes of the transport network are proposed.

ДИНАМИЧЕСКОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ СЕТЬЮ ГОРОДСКОГО ПАССАЖИРСКОГО ТРАНСПОРТА

Despite the large number of works in the field of dynamic management of the urban passenger transport network, at the moment there are no methods of dynamic management of the route transport network, taking into account the actual demand and the possibility of real-time route realignment. The purpose of the study: to develop a methodology for managing urban passenger transport, taking into account the dynamic demand for transportation. The paper uses heuristic methods of scientific research and the method of formalization. To implement the methodology pro-posed by the author, a decision-making algorithm for dynamic management of the urban passenger transport network has been developed. It is presented in a logical and formalized form. The ob-tained results of the study are the only ones of their kind. The solutions proposed by the author are universal in nature and can be used for networks with different parameters.

АНАЛИЗ УСЛОВИЙ РАЗМЕЩЕНИЯ ОСТАНОВОЧНЫХ ПУНКТОВ НА МАГИСТРАЛЬНОЙ СЕТИ КРУПНЕЙШЕГО СИМБИОТИЧЕСКОГО ГОРОДА

. A modern city is an extremely complex, self-developing organism trying to make its transport system more sustainable, in particular, by developing plans for sustainable urban mobility, improving transport and logistics, and many other aspects. The article deals with the placement of stopping points of route passenger transport and accidents, which allows us to assess the issues of transformation of approaches to transport planning of the route passenger transport network and the organization of urban traffic. The corresponding proposals on the choice of the location of stopping points, as well as their arrangement in the intersection zones are given.

СУЩЕСТВУЮЩИЕ МОДЕЛИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ МАРШРУТОВ СКОРОСТНОГО ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ТРАНСПОРТА И ИХ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ВРЕМЯ ПОЕЗДКИ ПАССАЖИРА

Currently, there are no studies in the Russian scientific literature devoted to models of the organization of high-speed passenger transport routes. At the same time, as practice proves, the time of movement of passengers significantly depends on the accepted system of organization of routes. For example, non-stop routes, on the one hand, increase the required volume of rolling stock used for passenger transportation, but, on the other hand, reduce the total transshipment time. The article analyzes approaches to the organization of routes on the high-speed passenger transport network and presents the calculation of the overhead travel time of passengers for different network options. Calculations of the passenger’s traffic speed are given separately, depending on the distance of a trip and the type of transport used. It is pointed out that the optimal choice of the model of the route network of urban passenger transport makes it possible to reduce the cost of infrastructure construction and improve the quality of public services.

Invulnerability of the Urban Agglomeration Integrated Passenger Transport Network under Emergency Events.

Urgent natural environmental events, such as floods, power failures, and epidemics, result in disruptions to the traffic system and heavy disturbances in public requirements. In order to strengthen the ability of the transport network to handle urgent natural environmental issues, this paper simulates the disruption situation of traffic stations in the urban agglomeration by attacking nodes, and evaluates the ability of the transport network to resist disruptions (i.e., invulnerability). Firstly, the model of the urban agglomeration integrated passenger transport network is established based on complex network theory. The highway network, railway network, and coupling network are combined into a multi-layer network space structure, and the edge weight is calibrated by travel time and cost. Secondly, the invulnerability simulation process including multiple attack modes under random and deliberate attack strategies is sorted out. By improving the traditional network efficiency indicator, the network impedance efficiency indicator is proposed to measure network performance, and the network relative impedance efficiency indicator is used to evaluate network invulnerability and identify key nodes. Finally, Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration is taken as a case study. The results show that the network does not collapse quickly and it shows certain invulnerability and robustness under continuous random attacks. Network performance and invulnerability are not necessarily positively correlated. The failure of individual nodes that are small in scale but act as transit hubs may significantly degrade the network performance. The identified key nodes have significance for guiding the construction, maintenance, and optimization of the urban agglomeration passenger transport network, which is conducive to promoting public safety.

Study on the Evolution and Coupling Coordinated Development of Passenger and Freight Transport Network of New Western Land-Sea Corridor

Based on the associated network of passenger and freight transport in the New Western Land-Sea Corridor, the structure and characteristics of passenger and freight transport network in different years are analyzed using passenger volume and freight volume, and the resilience of the network is analyzed using the disturbance model. Finally, the coordinated development of passenger transport and logistics is discussed by applying a coupling coordination model. The results show that, from 2000 to 2018, the New Western Land-Sea Corridor has realized the evolution of the spatial pattern of passenger transport network from “two center and numerous branches” to “three centers and three auxiliaries”. Moreover, the evolution of the spatial pattern of the freight transport network changed from “two centers and one auxiliary” to “one center and multiple auxiliaries”. In terms of network tenacity, the disturbance strategy based on node degree value has the strongest damage to the performance of passenger and freight transport networks. The coupling coordination value is gradually rising from a low level and finally develops to an ordered trend. Therefore, it is proposed that passenger transport development could be supported from the “growth pole” and “zone” development modes, while the logistics development would adopt the “axis” development pattern and focus on the protection of the vital city nodes in the corresponding network. In this way, it can realize the effective connection of multiple paths, improve the tenacity of network and boost hub economy, consummate the regional coordination mechanism, and finally promote the advancement of the New Western Land-Sea Corridor.

EMU Route Plan Optimization by Integrating Trains from Different Periods

In recent years, the government of China has paid increasing attention to environmental protection issues and has frequently emphasized the importance of ecological civilization. The high-speed railway transportation mode has outstanding advantages in terms of land utilization, energy conservation and environmental protection. China’s high-speed railway networking features are increasingly prominent and are constructed based on the rapid passenger transport network. Additionally, they save resources and are environmentally friendly while meeting safety, punctuality and profitability standards. Electric multiple unit (EMU) routing plan optimization is an important issue for improving operational EMU efficiency and reducing operational costs. At present, the Chinese EMU routing plans for holidays and weekdays are prepared separately because the holiday train timetable requires more EMUs and maintenance tasks. Different integrative optimization measures are considered, and a model is constructed to integrate an optimized weekday and holiday EMU routing plan problem and minimize the EMUs used and EMU maintenance tasks. The proposed model is based on the branch-and-price algorithm, and a real-world case study is conducted. The real-world numerical experiment shows that the amount of EMU maintenance can be reduced to some extent through the integrated optimization of tasks, but it is difficult to reduce the number of EMUs due to the structure of the train operational timetable.

Combination model of urban tourism transportation based on nested logit model

ABSTRACT The traditional combination model based on multinomial logit is incapable of reflecting the nested structure of urban tourism destinations. Therefore, this paper established a variational inequality model of the combination of tourism demand distribution and transportation assignment based on nested logit. Through the first-order optimization conditions, it proved that the volume of travel distribution and transport assignment could meet the combination equilibrium conditions. Based on the MSA algorithm, it designed the solution algorithm of the model and verified the feasibility of the model and algorithm in a simplified tourism passenger transport network in Huangshan City. The calculation results show that the variational inequality model proposed in this paper can obtain the volume of travel distribution and transportation assignment at the same time, meanwhile compared with the multinomial logit, the nested logit structure fully considers the attraction measure of hotel and scenic spots, which is more in line with the choice behavior of tourists when choosing transportation route. In addition, the time value type of tourists has a great impact on the comprehensive tourism impedance which means that in the practical application, it is necessary to determine the time value type of tourists in each transportation routinereasonably.

The morphological structure and influence factors analysis of China's domestic civil aviation freight transport network

Civil aviation freight transport (CAFT) in China plays an important role in social and economic development. However, research on the morphological structure of China's CAFT network and its influence factors remains rare. In this paper, we focus on this topic by using a new data set of China's domestic routes from 2015 to 2019. With the complex network theory, we make an empirical study on the morphological structure of China's domestic CAFT network, and try to explore the nexus between the attributes of the network and the influence factors. The results show that China's domestic CAFT network is in line with the small world network model, which has a low average path length and a high clustering coefficient. The centrality of the network presents a saddle distribution with dense in the east and west, while sparse in the central. The results also indicate that there are many localized networks dominated by a few core airports. A number of regional hub cities exist, which are mainly located in the west of China. The development of China's CAFT highly depends on the civil aviation passenger transport (CAPT) network, and is highly affected by GDP, the industrial structure and the geographical location of cities. Finally, we give several policy suggestions, including developing the freight dedicated airports, establishing independent freight transport network system, vigorously developing core and intermediate hub cities, as well as constructing the regional network.

The Waterage Passenger Transportation Network in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

The Waterage Passenger Transportation Network in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Optimization of regional transport networks based on a mathematical model of passenger preferences

This article presents the results of developing a model for a regional passenger transport network aimed at solving the logistical problem of constructing rational intermodal routes in a defined closed loop. The tools of graph theory and linear mathematical programming have been applied to build the model algorithm, which allows finding solutions for weighted graphs, in the absence of negative weight links, while keeping information about the sequence of hub points on the selected paths. The proposed solutions are versatile enough to be scalable for regions with different network topologies. The model is adapted to dynamically changing and extensible systems, allowing it to be practically applied to justify options for the future development of infrastructure in different modes of transport.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ТРАНСПОРТА НА ОСНОВЕ ПАССАЖИРОПОТОКОВ, СФОРМИРОВАННЫХ НА УСЛОВНОЙ СЕТИ

The calculation of the matrix of correspondences and the formation of passenger flows on a conditional network are described. This approach expands the range of tasks solved by modeling, allows one to solve the problem of synthesis of a municipal transport network, and provides working hypotheses for the development of the structure of a municipal passenger transport, in the framework of which different variants of geometry of the passenger transport network can be formed.

Megaregional Passenger Transportation Hub Location Problem Considering Congestion Effects

The need to make effective plans for locating transportation hubs is of increasing importance in the megaregional area, as recent research suggests that the growing intercity travel demand affects the efficiency of a megaregional transportation system. This paper investigates a hierarchical facility location problem in a megaregional passenger transportation network. The aim of the study is to determine the locations of hub facilities at different hierarchical levels and distribute the demands to these facilities with minimum total cost, including investment, transportation, and congestion costs. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model considering the service availability structure and hub congestion effects. A case study is designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in the Wuhan metropolitan area. The results show that the congestion effects can be addressed by reallocating the demand to balance the hub utilisation or constructing new hubs to increase the network capacity. The methods of appropriately locating hubs and distributing traffic flows are proposed to optimise the megaregional passenger transportation networks, which has important implications for decision makers.

Hierarchical Passenger Hub Location Problem in a Megaregion Area Considering Service Availability

The rapid growth of the intercity travel demand has resulted in enormous pressure on the passenger transportation network in a megaregion area. Optimally locating hubs and allocating demands to hubs influence the effectiveness of a passenger transportation network. This study develops a hierarchical passenger hub location model considering the service availability of hierarchical hubs. A mixed integer linear programming formulation was developed to minimize the total cost of hub operation and transportation for multiple travel demands and determine the proportion of passengers that access hubs at each level. This model was implemented for the Wuhan metropolitan area in four different scenarios to illustrate the applicability of the model. Then, a sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the impact of changing key parameters on the model results. The results are compared to those of traditional models, and the findings demonstrate the importance of considering hub choice behavior in demand allocation.

Invulnerability Simulation of Urban Agglomeration Passenger Transport Network under Incomplete Information Attack Strategy

This paper explores the invulnerability of urban agglomeration transportation network under the incomplete information attack strategy. This approach employed the site mapping method to construct the urban agglomeration composite transportation network model, and the network is weighted based on the actual passenger flow. Then the nodes are defined according to the overload conditions. In addition, based on the capacity-load model, the cascading failure model of the urban agglomeration passenger transport network is constructed, and the incomplete information attack strategy and network invulnerability measure index are determined. Finally, the case of Hu-Bao-E-Yu urban agglomeration is simulated to quantify the effects of attack strategies with varied information level, node load factors, and capacity weight and distance weight of the residual connected edge. The results reveal that the network crash speed is positively related to the information span of the attacker unless the information span exceeds 0.9 or accuracy exceeds 0.6. When the information span is low, the information accuracy δ has a critical impact on the network crash speed. Moreover, in the presence of attack, high or low values of node load factor are conducive to the improvement of network invulnerability. As a scale-free network, urban agglomeration transportation network shows strong robustness to random attacks and exhibits vulnerability to deliberate attacks. The capacity weight value α and distance weight value β of residual connected edge have different effects on the network invulnerability under different information span strategies.

The accessibility analysis of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei railway passenger transport network —— before and after the opening of Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway

This paper focuses on the changes in the accessibility of railway passenger transport network in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region before and after the opening of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway. It mainly uses for models: a spatial model based on node location, cost model based on travel expenditure, model based on weighted average travel time, model based on economic potential index. These four models, combined with the required data, give the accessibility of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei railway passenger transport network before and after the opening of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway. The results of these calculations are visualized and analysed. The conclusions are as follows: (1) After the opening of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway, the accessibility of most cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is found to be enhanced. (2) Accessibility of some cities is found to be decreased in some models. (3) For different accessibility models, the degree of accessibility change of each city is different. (4) After the opening of the Beijing -Zhangjiakou high-speed railway, the accessibility distribution of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is still different.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ МАРШРУТНОЙ СОВМЕЩЕННОСТИ ПАССАЖИРСКОЙ СЕТИ ГОРОДА БРЯНСКА

The paper studies the passenger transport network of the Bryansk town and the prospects for its development. It gives the study of the route alignment of the urban passenger transport network and determines the degree of the alignment of existing routes. The paper proposes the optimization of a number of routes.

Analysis of Changes in the Air Passenger Transport Network by the Spread of COVID-19 -Focusing on International Airports in Asia-

본 연구는 코로나-19 감염증의 전 세계적인 확산에 따라 국제항공 관광수요 측면에서 가장 큰 타격을 받고 있는 아시아지역내공항의 항공여객 운송 네트워크의 변화를 확인하기 위해 쇼셜네트워크분석(SNA)을 통한 아시아 공항의 네트워크 중심성을 살펴보았다. 분석 결과, 아시아지역 공항 전체 네트워크의 구성 요소(노드, 링크, 밀도, 군집화계수)는 코로나-19의 본격적인 확산시기인2020년 3월부터는 큰 폭으로 하락한 것으로 나타났으며, 항공네트워크 중심성은 모두 예외없이 크게 감소하였다. 하지만 이러한중심성 지표의 급락 상황에서도 각 공항별로 네트워크의 상대적 경쟁력은 달리 나타났다. 동남아시아, 서남아시아, 중국지역 공항의 경우에는 모든 중심성 지표와 순위의 하락이 두드러지게 나타난 반면, 대만 타오위안공항(TPE), 일본 나리타공항(NRT) 및 인천공항(ICN)이 속한 동북아시아내 공항들은 네트워크 중심성의 순위는 오르거나 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 코로나-19 확산에 따라 위기를 맞고 있는 우리나라 국제항공 네트워크의 복원을 위해서는 우선적으로 한-중-일간 역내 협조체계를 마련하는 것이 시급히 필요하다. 초기 협력단계로 3국간 공항 방역 인증 프로그램을 마련하고 상호 검증하여 여객 수요회복기반을 조성하고 3국간 여행제한 완화 조치를 통해 중단된 노선의 재개를 촉진해야 할 것이다. 또한 코로나-19 위기를 기회요인으로 만들기 위해서는 환승노선 개발에 대한 정책적 지원이 필요한 시점이다. 이를 위해 정부는 보다 포괄적인 다자간 항공협정을체결하여 국제 항공운항 재개를 위한 운수권 확보를 지원하고, 공항당국은 터미널내 별도의 환승구역을 마련하고 방역서비스를제공함으로써 환승객이 안심하고 이용할 수 있도록 시설 개선에 노력해야 할 것이다. 본 연구를 통해 우리나라가 속한 아시아 지역내 공항의 네트워크 경쟁력의 변화추이를 분석함으로써 항공네트워크 연구범위를확장하고자 하였다. 특히 국제선을 기준으로 보면 거의 모든 항공노선이 막혀 있는 상황에서 가장 큰 타격을 받고 있는 중국을비롯한 아시아 항공네트워크를 분석하는 것은 향후 전 세계 항공수요 회복 정책을 마련하는 차원에서도 의미가 있다고 하겠다. 앞으로 공항(노드)과 항공노선(링크)에 인구, 경제성장률, 운항 거리, 운송량 등 사회경제적 지표와 속성을 포함하여 연구한다면 항공산업의 회복을 위한 각국의 항공정책 협력에 유용한 연구가 될 수 있을 것이다.The study looked at the network center of Asian airports through the Social Network Analysis (SNA) to confirm changes in the air passenger transport network at airports in Asia, which are hit hardest in terms of international air tourism demand following the worldwide spread of COVID-19 infections, the worst-ever health crisis in history. The analysis shows that the components of the entire Asian airport network (nodes, links, density, and clustering factors) have fallen significantly since March 2020, the full-fledged proliferation period of COVID-19, with all aviation network centrality decreasing without exception. However, the relative competitiveness of the network at each airport was different even in the face of such a plunge in the centrality index. In the case of China and Hong Kong airports, the decline in all centrality indicators and rankings was notable, while Taiwan’s Taoyuan Airport (TPE), Japan’s Narita Airport (NRT) and Incheon International Airport (ICN) saw their ranking in network centrality rise or maintain. In order to restore South Korea international air network, which is facing a crisis due to the spread of Corona-19, it is urgently needed to establish a regional cooperation system between South Korea, China and Japan. In the initial stage of cooperation, airport quarantine certification programs among the three countries should be prepared and mutually verified to create a foundation for recovering passenger demand and promote the resumption of the suspended routes through measures to ease travel restrictions between the three countries. It is also time for policy support for the development of transit routes to make the Corona-19 crisis an opportunity factor. To this end, the government should work to secure transportation rights for the resumption of international air operations by signing a more comprehensive multilateral aviation agreement, and the airport authority should make efforts to improve facilities so that transit passengers can use them with confidence by setting up separate transit zones in the terminals and providing quarantine services. Through this study, we wanted to expand the scope of aviation network research by analyzing the changes in network competitiveness of airports in Asia to which Korea belongs. In particular, it is meaningful to analyze Asian aviation networks, including China, which are hit hardest at a time when almost all air routes are blocked by international flights, in order to come up with policies to restore global aviation demand in the future. Future studies involving socioeconomic indicators and attributes, such as population, economic growth, travel distance and transportation volume, in airports (nodes) and air routes (links) could be useful for international aviation policy cooperation in recovering the aviation industry.