Passenger Transport Enterprises Research Articles

РАЗРАБОТКА КРИТЕРИЕВ, ОПРЕДЕЛЯЮЩИХ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ И КАЧЕСТВО ТРАНСПОРТНОГО ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ГОРОДА

The quality system should provide for quality management at all stages of the life cycle of passenger transportation services, starting from the study of passenger flows and forecasting demand for transportation (transportation marketing) and ending with the analysis of services provided according to operational accounting data. In this article, based on the results of studies of various systems, the main criteria for building a quality management system for passenger transport enterprises are proposed, as well as their organizational distribution, the use of which will make it possible to form effective requirements for the quality of passenger transportation.

Research on Active Safety Situation of Road Passenger Transportation Enterprises: Evaluation, Prediction, and Analysis.

The road passenger transportation enterprise is a complex system, requiring a clear understanding of their active safety situation (ASS), trends, and influencing factors. This facilitates transportation authorities to promptly receive signals and take effective measures. Through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, we delved into potential factors for evaluating ASS and extracted an ASS index. To predict obtaining a higher ASS information rate, we compared multiple time series models, including GRU (gated recurrent unit), LSTM (long short-term memory), ARIMA, Prophet, Conv_LSTM, and TCN (temporal convolutional network). This paper proposed the WDA-DBN (water drop algorithm-Deep Belief Network) model and employed DEEPSHAP to identify factors with higher ASS information content. TCN and GRU performed well in the prediction. Compared to the other models, WDA-DBN exhibited the best performance in terms of MSE and MAE. Overall, deep learning models outperform econometric models in terms of information processing. The total time spent processing alarms positively influences ASS, while variables such as fatigue driving occurrences, abnormal driving occurrences, and nighttime driving alarm occurrences have a negative impact on ASS.

MODERN METHODS OF DIGITALIZATIONOF ENTERPRISE ACTIVITIES

The pace and scale of digitalization of modern global information society opens up new business opportunities. At the same time, they pose new challenges for business owners and managers. Increasing digitalization has enabled various new forms of enterprise operation, but it has also forced companies to reflect on their current strategy early on. Given this fact, the aim of the study is to present the impact of digitalization on enterprise activities by stimulating the use of online sales through electronic distribution channels, social networks and mobile applications. To confirm this impact, the authors propose a comparative system for assessing the parameters of digitalization impact on the activities of an enterprise. On the basis of the developed «tree of goals», the dynamics of digitalization of services is projected and prospects for the development of this field of activity are outlined. To test the proposed methodology, a railway passenger transportation company (OJSC Russian Railways) was chosen as the object of study. Research methods used in the study include: 1) statistical; 2) SWOT analysis; 3) systematization, comparative and structural-dynamic analysis; 4) expert survey. As a result of identifying the impact of individual elements of digitalization on the level of activity, a number of recommendations are proposed for the development of digitalization of services for the sale of electronic tickets and their accounting for railway passenger transportation enterprises. Given the relevance of the topic under study, the structure is understood as a solid basis for further discussion and future research. Growth strategies for companies are identified and described, as well as the assets and capabilities required for successful digital transformation. A research program is proposed to stimulate the activities of enterprises in the field of digitalization.

Formation of state protection for urban passenger transport enterprises

This paper considers the task to provide state financial protectionism under the conditions of today's challenges. A model of effective interaction is proposed, which takes into account selective fair financing based on indicators of the investment attractiveness of the i-th region and the priority of the i-th region. The calculations proved the independence of the regional financing priority indicator on the level of investment attractiveness of the region, or vice versa. The methodology was tested on the example of urban passenger transportation entrepreneurship under the conditions of challenges that have arisen. According to the results, those territories that are recognized as the most affected and vulnerable, and the problem of support of which can be solved only with the help of state intervention, are eligible for state protectionism. The results of the calculations show that the distribution of financial funds in the amount of state finances S=1 allocated to support entrepreneurship is carried out proportionally. A comprehensive approach made it possible to determine the regions for state funding, while the most affected regions receive the largest share of financial investments – Luhansk, Chernivtsi, Kherson, Donetsk, Mykolaiv, and Sumy oblasts, which will receive funding to support urban passenger transportation, in the amount of 17.01 %, 16.89 %, 16.74 %, 16.57 %, 16.55 %, and 16.24 %, respectively. This study is of practical interest for state management bodies as it provides methodological recommendations for the allocation of funds to support the most affected regions. It is also useful for researchers studying financial provision, protectionism, and public administration, and it is recommended that future research be conducted taking into account the level of socio-economic development of states

Evolutionary game model of government regulation of electric bus promotion behavior

ABSTRACT This study aimed to improve the efficiency of government regulations and promote the market applications of electric buses. Based on evolutionary game theory, with electric bus manufacturers, passenger transport enterprises, and the government as the evolutionary game subjects, a tripartite evolutionary game model of production-use management is established. An equilibrium stabilization strategy was derived through game equilibrium and evolutionary stability analysis, and the influence of changes in key variables on the choice of promotion behavior of decision subjects was quantitatively analyzed. The results of the empirical analysis showed that when the government adjusts the policy subsidy between 6–10, the changes in the sensitivity of manufacturers and passenger transport enterprises are relatively high, and the decisions of both sides tend to be 1; if the government penalty is adjusted to 4.8–6.8, the government strictly regulates the promotion of electric bus policy, and the manufacturers and passenger transport enterprises choose to actively participate in the promotion strategy, effectively constraining the decision-making behavior of all parties, which verifies the validity and consistency of the model analysis conclusions. The conclusions will provide theoretical reference for the formulation of government regulatory policies and the development of low-carbon transportation.

Analysis of Space-time Characteristics of Urban Residents' Travel in Chongqing with Customized Passenger Transport

Intercity customized passenger transport as a new travel mode has been widely accepted by the road passenger transport industry and enterprises. Under the guidance and support of national policies, passenger transport enterprises all over the country are actively exploring the business practice of inter-city customized passenger transport, which is booming. In this context, this paper uses python and other analysis software to collect the 2021 operation data of Chongqing Yukexing Company and analyze the distribution of gender, age, and refund rate of customized passenger transport of Chongqing residents throughout the year. In addition, the time and space characteristics of customized passenger transport are explored. And then provide data support for relevant enterprises to provide relevant management innovation programs.

A Literature Review of Railway Pricing Based on Revenue Management

In recent decades, railway passenger transport enterprises have been exploring numerous operation and management strategies to improve service quality and market competitiveness of railway passenger transport so as to ensure that the interests of railway passenger transport enterprises are maximized when taking social welfare into account. However, there are still shortcomings in the current research with respect to determining the pricing mechanism and formulating a reasonable price. This paper systematically reviews the scientific literature related to railway pricing, focusing on the application of basic price methods, mathematical programming methods, and data-driven methods in railway pricing, with the hope of proposing an innovative direction to solve existing problems. The main subjects involved in the formulation of railway pricing are passenger groups and transportation companies. The research can be conducted from four broad aspects: passenger demand, passenger time value, market segmentation, and the equilibrium relationship between rail service supply and passenger demand. On the basis of absorbing and summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of previous studies, this paper puts forward suggestions for improvement and innovative directions which will help promote railway passenger transport services from the perspective of pricing, thereby enhancing the sustainability of railway transport.

Systematic Analysis of the Contributory Factors Related to Major Coach and Bus Accidents in China

The purpose of this study was: (1) to propose a classification system for the contributory factors behind major coach and bus accidents with mass casualties based on the human factor analysis and classification system (HFACS); and (2) to identify the main contributory factors behind accidents and the main indicators of the causal factors. Based on 56 official investigation reports of major coach and bus accidents with more than 10 fatalities, a qualitative content analysis was conducted to develop a modified classification system for the contributory factors behind these accidents, and a gray correlation analysis was conducted to identify the main causative factors and indicators by calculating the correlation degrees. The results showed that the modified classification system for the contributory factors behind major coach and bus accidents can be divided into seven levels: government regulations, the organizational influence of passenger transportation enterprises, unsafe internal operational supervision, preconditions for drivers’ unsafe acts, drivers’ unsafe acts, proximate causes other than the driver’s act, and moderating factors affecting accident severity and probability. The organizational influence of passenger transportation enterprises is the most significant factor affecting the accidents. Thus, passenger transport enterprises must systematically strengthen their responsibility and safety management to prevent accidents. Accident investigations should begin with the accident process to determine the proximate cause as well as the factors that influence the likelihood and severity of the accident.

ЕДИНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯОННАЯ СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ ВЕДЕНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ ПУТЕВЫХ ЛИСТОВ НА ПАССАЖИРСКИХ ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ

In the article, the authors substantiates the need to introduce electronic waybills at passenger transport enterprises, and also reveals a number of advantages when using this type of travel documentation. Proposals for the development of a program for automating and optimizing the fundamental documents in passenger transport enterprises.

MANAGING THE STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRANSPORT SECTOR ENTERPRISES IN TERMS OF GLOBALIZATION CHALLENGES

The article is devoted to the latest methods used to manage the strategic development of transport enterprises in the context of globalization challenges. Steady functioning of transport enterprises contributes to the sustainable economic growth of our country. Among the biggest globalization challenges in recent years for the world economy, and particularly for Ukraine, have been the Coronavirus pandemic and hostilities with the Russian Federation. Motor transport has been and remains extremely important, along with rail transport, especially during the epidemic and the war. The article covers the dynamics of the share of freight / passenger turnover and transported goods / passengers by transport in Ukraine over the period of 2016-2021. The growth of the share of freight turnover – from 16.9% in 2016 to 22.4% in 2021; the share of transported goods – from 70.45 to 76.6%, respectively, characterizes the high competitiveness and high market potential of road transport enterprises in the Ukrainian freight market. Major problems, which should be guided by the development strategy of passenger transport enterprises of Poltava region, are explored: improving the quality of transport services for the population by updating the rolling stock of enterprises; improving the safety of transportation and reducing the negative impact on the environment; optimization of the population’s expenditures on passenger transportation. Strategic guidelines for the development of the transport system of Poltava region have been formulated. The factors that cause considerable changes in the dynamics of transport deliveries were analyzed. Transportation of humanitarian cargoes became a priority. Because of the war, the efficiency of using the transit potential of the country has significantly decreased. Military actions against the Russian Federation do not allow to fully use the strategic advantages of the Black Sea-Azov region, the total cargo turnover of which is more than 200 million tons per year. Moreover, 2714.5 km of water navigable arteries are not effectively used. Thus, river transport may be one of the strategic directions of development of the transport industry in the conditions of war and fuel crisis.

Методика нормирования материальных ресурсов для автобусов

Abstract. The industry standards for the consumption of material resources currently in force in road transport are advisory in nature and are used by carriers in their current work for production planning. Industry standards, regulated, for example, by order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation No. 158 dated May 30, 2019, establish resource consumption on an average for all road carriers of the Russian Federation. Taking into account the individual operating conditions of the rolling stock and the organization of the transport process is possible only by a correction factor to the fuel consumption rate, the calculation method of which is not regulated. The result is low convergence of planned and actual traffic figures. An effective solution to this problem is the use of resource consumption rates calculated on the basis of statistical data on the consumption of material resources obtained using the means of objective control and data storage of ERP systems. This will make it possible to fully take into account the complex of significant factors that determine the volume of consumption of material resources, reduce the amount of inventory, increase the turnover of funds, and increase the accuracy of rationing and pricing processes for any trucking company. However, the substantiation of such resource consumption norms requires an assessment of the influence of significant factors, the establishment of a relationship between them and the development of a mathematical apparatus for normalization. Therefore, the purpose of this study, which is to increase the efficiency of passenger transportation by buses based on ensuring the reliability of material resource consumption rates, taking into account individual operating conditions, is aimed at solving an urgent scientific and practical problem. Theoretical studies are carried out on the basis of the analysis of scientific and regulatory and technical literature, the legal framework, systemic, statistical, factorial and technical and economic analysis, economic and mathematical modeling of the transport process, and expert evaluation. Experimental studies were carried out in the conditions of operating passenger transport enterprises using the methods of mathematical statistics, computer modeling, field observations. The main results of scientific novelty are: a set of qualitative characteristics and quantitative indicators of factors that determine the consumption of material resources in the operation of the bus fleet; mathematical models for calculating the consumption rates of fuels and lubricants, spare parts and car tires, as well as the corresponding standard operating costs; dependence of indicators of operating consumption of diesel fuel, resource mileage of automobile tires on the magnitude of significant factors established for domestically produced buses of various capacities. Further research is supposed to be carried out in the direction of the development of resource saving methods in the motor transport complex.

Economic mechanism of urban passenger transport’s sustainable development

The article is designed and formulated to define and ensure sustainable development of urban passenger transport, which is an essential component of the business strategies of enterprises automobile and highway transportation and promoting of the development of transport traffic. The article describes and investigates the current state of infrastructure and activities of urban passenger transport enterprises, namely the quality of services, existing conditions, internal and external factors of development of urban passenger transport enterprises. Covers the main problems of activity in the field of urban passenger transport, offers a methodology for developing measures to ensure sustainable development of urban passenger transport enterprises to maintain the quality and economic efficiency of such enterprises. Thereby providing existing social needs and defines a ways to meet them. The study based the mechanism on the renewal of rolling stock in accordance with the Euro-5 standard (in accordance with the procedure for conducting a tender for passenger transportation and the procedure for state technical inspection) to ensure the environmental component and improve the quality of transport services. The development of the mechanism for ensuring the sustainable development of enterprises is the initial event in the process of ensuring and calculating the effect of the organizational and economic mechanism for ensuring the sustainable development of urban passenger transport enterprises. This mechanism will provide a solid foundation for sustainable development of the transport industry and the creation of a free and competitive market for transport services. It is also necessary to understand the strong factor impact on an extensive system of this scale, so the implementation of this mechanism should prepare not only the calculation of resources for direct support of the process, but also the staff who will coordinate the implementation of the mechanism. The use of such a mechanism encompasses and encourages all participants in the interaction to make certain efforts with motivation for the joint positive effect of its implementation.

Efficiency of projects for the organization of passenger transportation by water transport

The practice of substantiating projects for organizing passenger transportation both in Russia and abroad shows that these projects are unprofitable or unprofitable in terms of financial results. As a rule, due to their social significance, such projects do not allow setting prices for the finished product, ensuring that the received income exceeds the amount of invested funds. At the same time, both in Russia and abroad, projects for organizing passenger transportation are necessary, since their implementation ensures mobility, transport accessibility and other components that characterize the high quality of life of people. Therefore, when justifying projects for organizing passenger transportation, the emphasis in terms of their efficiency is most often shifted from determining direct effects (additional income, cost savings, profit) to obtaining indirect effects, the essence of which boils down to monetizing those results of projects that do not fall into the sphere of direct effects. those. in monetary terms, individual benefits of projects, reflecting various benefits for external and internal project participants, future owners of its results and other stakeholders, called stakeholders in project management. Depending on the circle of persons interested in the project, the attitude of state authorities also depends, without whose financial participation it is practically impossible to implement any project on the organization of passenger transportation today. The article discusses an approach to substantiating the effectiveness of projects for organizing passenger transportation in water transport, focused on identifying indirect effects, with specific examples showing the possible ranges of calculated effects in relation to the practice of water passenger transport enterprises.

Оптимізація економічних параметрів при динамічних впливах зовнішнього середовища на функціонування підприємств міського пасажирського транспорту

Means of ensuring the dynamic balance of the functioning of urban passenger transport enterprises by optimizing economic parameters with dynamic indeterminate environmental influences are considered. The main economic categories that determine the profits of transport companies are identified. Equilibrium modeling is a necessary aspect of strategic decisions for enterprise development. Examples of calculations of expenses and profit of the transport enterprise are given. It is established that the curve of average total costs allows to determine at what volume of transport costs per unit of passenger traffic will be minimal. Having provided even a minimal reduction in costs per unit of passenger traffic, the transport company will be able to choose one of the alternatives to improve its financial condition. The graphic analysis of losses and profit of functioning of the enterprises of city passenger transport is executed.

THE CONCEPT OF ECONOMIC SUBSTANTIATION OF PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION SUBSIDIZING BY INLAND WATER TRANSPORT

The passenger transportation practice, both in Russia and abroad, shows that this transportation give little profit or completely unprofitable with the exception of tourist transportation. Given the social significance of passenger transportation for the population of the vast territory of the Russian Federation, state authorities implement measures of the state support for various types of transport for these transportations, including reimbursement of expenses to transport enterprises from budgets of various levels. Obviously, the question which type of transport to subsidize and how much requires special attention. At the same time, passenger transportation subsidizing by inland waterways has been canceled since 2005, and decisions made in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on subsidizing from regional and municipal budgets quite often do not compensate the expenses of shipping companies. The article proposes possible options, in fact, for the revival of socially significant passenger transportation by inland water transport in Russia and proposes an approach to determining the maximum amount of subsidies to cover the loss of socially significant passenger transportation. The authors of the article have shown due to what factors direct and indirect (non-transport) components of the effect can be obtained as a result of the implementation of their proposals in the practice of water passenger transport enterprises.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ENTERPRISES

Despite the significant number of discussions regarding the problems of evaluating the performance of enterprises, little attention has been paid to evaluating the performance of enterprises on the basis of a comprehensive approach that takes into account all factors. The article considers a methodological approach to evaluating the performance of transport infrastructure enterprises on the example of passenger road transport enterprises, formed using a balanced scorecard. The development of a methodological approach to evaluating the performance of enterprises is important both conceptually and operationally. Methodological approach to evaluating the performance of passenger road transport enterprises is improved in the work. It is determined that one of the modern approaches to evaluating the performance of enterprises is a balanced scorecard, which is a system of strategic management of an organization, based on the measurement and evaluation of its performance on a set of indicators. The proposed methodological approach for evaluating the performance of passenger road transport enterprises involves three main stages: preparation; evaluation of the performance of passenger transport enterprises; analysis of the results of evaluating the performance of passenger transport enterprises. In the work the list of indicators are determined by which the performance assessment and the procedure for their calculation are held. On the basis of a balanced scorecard for passenger transport enterprises the author selected 4 groups of indicators: “Finance”, “Staff”, “Clients”, “Main processes of an enterprise”. The algorithm of evaluation of the performance of passenger transport enterprises is formed. The proposed methodological approach will allow passenger road transport enterprises to improve the level of competitiveness and performance. The results obtained, which are an improved methodological approach to evaluating the performance of passenger road transport enterprises, allow for further researches on how to enhance the effective activity of transport infrastructure enterprises.

Развитие материально-технической базы предприятий городского общественного транспорта Западной Сибири в годы восьмой пятилетки (1966–1970 гг.)

The article discusses the main activities of state authorities, labor collectives of transport enterprises in Western Siberia to improve the operation of urban public transport in the region during the eighth five-year plan (1966-1970). During the study period, the increase in the level of transport services for urban residents was directly related to measures to develop and strengthen the material and technical base of passenger transport enterprises, technical re-equipment of automobile and tram rolling stock, and construction of a new type of public transport in Western Siberia – the urban trolleybus. The author comes to the conclusion that during the eighth five-year plan, urban public transport enterprises in the region received significant material and technical development, which became the basis for increasing the volume of passenger traffic and improving the quality of transport services for the urban population of the West Siberian region

Expediency of modification of city transport system by implementation of passenger water transport

The object of research is the integration of local passenger water transport in the transport system of the city. Among a number of problematic issues, one can single out the unpreparedness of the urban transport infrastructure for the implementation of water transport for the transport of passengers, although this type of transport is an important component of intercity and suburban passenger transport in world megacities located on water arteries.Water transport is characterized and passenger water transport in Ukraine is analyzed. The definition of «transport system» as a whole and separately in part of urban passenger traffic is investigated. The components of the transport system of the city are determined.The structure of the city transport system in Kyiv (Ukraine) is investigated and supplemented with its new subsystem in the element «city passenger transport» – local passenger water transport. Such a structural change makes it possible to qualitatively improve the existing transport supply of cities with water areas, and to offer local residents an alternative mode of transport. Implementation of a new type of urban passenger transport in the transport system of the city requires its detailed study. Therefore, this type of transport is structured, its classification is provided, the concept of «local passenger water transport» and its types are formulated: Water Bus and Water Taxi, which allows to offer them for further use in the scientific environment, in relation to local passenger water transport.As part of the research, it is proposed to identify elements of local passenger water transport, namely: passengers, transport, local passenger transport enterprises, regulatory entities, and local authorities. Each of the elements is proposed to be structured by type.Thanks to this, a modified scheme of the system of urban passenger transport is developed, which provides the basis for the harmonious implementation of this type of transport. The implementation of the proposed changes is justified by the socio-economic significance of this type of transport and the necessary qualitative structural changes in the urban transport system.

A Method of Load Spectrum Construction for Big Operation Vehicle Based on User Goal

The traditional design of big operation vehicle mainly depends on the experience due to almost neglecting the influence of reliability in actual operating condition and varying road of roughness. A method of user goal’s load spectrum construction for reliability research of big operation vehicle was proposed. Speed operating condition was established and GPS data of vehicle operation was analyzed based on researching the user information of the passenger transportation enterprise, considering the characteristics of large passenger operation of the line and according to the road type on the running route segments. The change between spectral density of road pavement with using year was regressed and derived based on regression of the relationship between riding quality coefficient with using year, combination with pavement riding quality index and international roughness index, and pavement density dependence index with power spectrum. Load of users’ operating speed condition under different using age and user goal’s load spectrum under design life for big operation vehicle was obtained on the collection of user road load and establishing and verification of vehicle dynamics model. This method can provide reference for reliability research of big operation vehicle.

Optimization of Investment Planning Based on Game-Theoretic Approach

The game-theoretic approach has a vast potential in solving economic problems. On the other hand, the theory of games itself can be enriched by the studies of real problems of decision-making. Hence, this study is aimed at developing and testing the game-theoretic technique to optimize the management of investment planning. This technique enables to forecast the results and manage the processes of investment planning. The proposed method of optimizing the management of investment planning allows to choose the best development strategy of an enterprise. This technique uses the “game with nature†model, and the Wald criterion, the maximum criterion and the Hurwitz criterion as criteria. The article presents a new algorithm for constructing the proposed econometric method to optimize investment project management. This algorithm combines the methods of matrix games. Furthermore, I show the implementation of this technique in a block diagram. The algorithm includes the formation of initial data, the elements of the payment matrix, as well as the definition of maximin, maximal, compromise and optimal management strategies. The methodology is tested on the example of the passenger transportation enterprise of the Sverdlovsk Railway in Ekaterinburg. The application of the proposed methodology and the corresponding algorithm allowed to obtain an optimal price strategy for transporting passengers for one direction of traffic. This price strategy contributes to an increase in the company’s income with minimal risk from the launch of this direction. The obtained results and conclusions show the effectiveness of using the developed methodology for optimizing the management of investment processes in the enterprise. The results of the research can be used as a basis for the development of an appropriate tool and applied by any economic entity in its investment activities