Cooperative Parties Research Articles

BROILER POULTRY FARMING OPEN HOUSE SYSTEM PATTERNS STOCHASTIC FRONTIER OF ECONOMIC, TECHNICAL AND ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY OF IN LAMONGAN REGENCY EAST JAVA

19Jan 2020 BROILER POULTRY FARMING OPEN HOUSE SYSTEM PATTERNS STOCHASTIC FRONTIER OF ECONOMIC, TECHNICAL AND ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY OF IN LAMONGAN REGENCY EAST JAVA Niswatin Hasanah , Zaenal Fanani , Suyadi and Bambang Ali Nugroho Animal Husbandry Departmentof Polythecnic State Jember. Postgraduate Animal Husbandry of Brawijaya University.

Service specification in pre-tender phase of public procurement - A triadic model of meaningful involvement

The purpose of this research is to define the actor roles and collaborative practices that are central to service specification co-development in relation to the pre-tender phase of public procurement. We propose a new model of meaningful stakeholder involvement in the context of public service specification as a triadic setting. In addition to the theoretical value, the proposed model guides public procurement units on how to define their roles as intermediaries and to design a service specification process involving internal customers and providers of a service. The approach adopted highlights the meaningfulness of involvement by referring to the types of cooperative roles and practices that are both suitable for the situation and well understood and implemented by the cooperative parties. Service specification co-development is defined as a triadic setting involving buyers, service providers, and internal customers. This study consists of two longitudinal empirical public procurement cases viewed with the aid of a theoretical framework drawn from the general involvement and public-sector-specific involvement literature. Managerial implications relate to involving stakeholders early in the process, focusing on value creating activities, and sharing relevant information throughout the pre-tender phase.

MEMAKNAI HAK DAN KEWAJIBAN DALAM KEBIJAKANKERJASAMA SWASTA DENGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH(PEMDA) MELALUI PERJANJIAN BUILD OPERATE TRANSFER (BOT) BIDANG PASAR

Rights and obligations in the Regional Government cooperation agreement with Swata can be seen from the balance of contract, the balance itself is the principle that requires both parties to fulfill and implement the agreement. This balance is important to build equality for the parties involved in relation to rights and obligations. However, interpreting this equality is still difficult. Both parties have their own interests. This study uses a qualitative method with an interpretive approach, where through this approach there is an emphasis to see one text relation with another text. Based on this approach, to illustrate the text in the policy of between cooperation regional government and the sector private in BOT contact, it can be done using the signifiying order and three-dimensional analysis triggered by Danesi and Perron. Understanding the rights and obligations of BOT contracts is seen as a reality both social and legal. This reality as a balancing ground operates a private cooperation agreement. Through the relationship between text as rights and texts as an obligation, it will be illustrated if the roles of the parties in private cooperation with the local government are mutually aware of their respective duties and functions.

Contract Brewing – Production-Oriented Cooperation in Craft Brewing Industry

Abstract The objective of the paper is to analyze the cooperation in craft beer manufacturing in Poland and to identify the specificity of this phenomenon from the perspective of enterprise management. The sales of craft beers in Poland are growing rapidly. Craft beers have about a 0.5% share in the total beer sales value in Poland. The popular practice in the industry is contract brewing. It is an interesting phenomenon in the field of cooperation of enterprises which can be classified and analyzed as a form of: economic cooperation (generally), production cooperation, outsourcing, network and virtual organization and also coopetition. It is a specific business model. Contract brewing is a complex problem the specificity of which emerges on several levels. Firstly, there is a special way to emerge in the market of craft beers, even while not possessing significant funds by the entrepreneur. Secondly, it is a form of cooperation in the field of production which unites efforts on the side of both the customer and the contractor since it is not limited to normal outsourcing of production to an external entity but involves physical production capacity of the contractor and technological know-how of both cooperation parties. Thirdly, it is firmly embedded in human relationships. Fourthly, it can generate coopetitive relations since the brewery accepting the order may conduct its own activity related to production and sales of beer under its own brand.

Mentoring as a Form of Assistance to a Transport University Student in the “University-Enterprise“ Networking Cooperation

The paper deals with mentor’s role and the requirements for improving the practical and professional skills of a transport university graduate. Effectiveness was estimated by increasing the formation level of their professional competence in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Educational Standard and the qualification profile of a graduate, the extended and established normative acts of networking cooperation parties through the implementation of practices while assisting mentors. The developed program for training mentors, and criteria for diagnosing the levels of skill formation, are quite universal and can be used at different universities.

A Pricing Strategy of E-Commerce Advertising Cooperation in the Stackelberg Game Model with Different Market Power Structure

A lot of research work has studied the auction mechanism of uncertain advertising cooperation between the e-commerce platform and advertisers, but little has focused on pricing strategy in stable advertising cooperation under a certain market power structure. To fill this gap, this paper makes a study of the deep interest distribution of two parties in such cooperation. We propose a pricing strategy by building two stackelberg master-slave models when the e-commerce platform and the advertiser are respectively the leader in the cooperation. It is analyzed that the optimization solution of the profits of both parties and the total system are affected by some main decision factors including the income commission proportion, the advertising product price and the cost of advertising effort of both parties’ brand in different dominant models. Then, some numerical studies are used to verify the effectiveness of the models. Finally, we draw a conclusion and make some suggestions to the platforms and the advertisers in the e-commerce advertising cooperation.

RESEARCH ON THE PROMOTION OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND COMPETITIVENESS OF GUANGDONG PROVINCE AND HAINAN PROVINCE IN CHINA

Under the background of economic globalization, regional cooperation has become the core of regional economic integration. Through the cross-regional flow of labor, capital, information and technology, the cooperative parties realize the increase of welfare in the optimal allocation of resources. After the specific comparison of the economic development models and paths of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone in Guangdong province and Hainan Special Economic Zone in Hainan province, it is found that there are great differences between them in the direction of development, the orientation of export-oriented economy and the orientation of industrial structure. This paper proposes to strengthen regional cooperation between Hainan Province and Guangdong Province. To actively change the mode of economic development and achieve the promotion of Guangdong Province and Hainan Province’s economic competitive strength by taking the technology innovation and the implementation of the talent strategy as the core, highlighting the complementary characteristic industrial clusters as the characteristic, perfecting the mechanism of cooperation between the two provinces as the means and the integrative development as the goal.

The Modulation Technology of Chaotic Multi-Tone and its Application in Covert Communication System

With the development of communication countermeasure technology, the existing communication mode is exposed to intercept or decipher in the covert transmission of information. Therefore, the development of a new concept and principle covert communication technology with low interception probability and anti-non-cooperative demodulation has drawn increasing attention. In this treatise, we propose a chaotic multi-tone modulation and demodulation technology thus present a method to construct the covert communication system. The technology constructs chaotic multi-tone sets to express the baseband information with the multi-value mapping based on the dynamics principle, which can express the same baseband information with different multi-tone groups. Signal modulation is accomplished by combining frequency hopping and baseband information scrambling technology. Multi-value mapping is adopted to complete chaotic multi-tone modulation. Specifically it has strong information concealment and anti-non-cooperative demodulation characteristics. In order to solve the demodulation problem of the cooperative party, we present a demodulation scheme based on chaotic multi-tone and provide a complete chaotic multi-tone communication system construction scheme. Simulation results verify the performance of the proposed method.

UK policy on football supporters’ trusts: a ‘window of opportunity’ generated and exploited by the co-operative party

The Co-operative Party is the independent sister-party of the Labour Party, with which it has had a formal relationship since 1927. Despite achieving consistently high levels of parliamentary representation for a small party, as well as its unusual ‘sister party within the same polity’ status, it has been the subject of little academic attention. This article seeks to better understand the Co-operative Party by asking what influence it had over the 1997–2010 Labour government’s decision to create the organisation Supporters Direct, which provides advice and assistance to football supporters groups in England which aspire to establishing supporters’ trusts as a means of taking a financial stake in their clubs. Utilising Kingdon’s multiple streams approach to analyse the ‘problem’, ‘policy’, and ‘politics’ streams, it makes two core conclusions; (i) that policy entrepreneurs linked to the Co-operative Party were able to decisively influence the policy agenda of the Labour government and; (ii) that they did so without the involvement of Co-operative Party sponsored MPs instead influencing policy in a manner more consistent with an ‘advocacy’ think tank.

Conflict and Harmony of Teaching Standards in Chinese-Foreign Cooperative Education

This paper consists of three sections. First section of this paper introduces the conflicts of teaching standards on Chinese-foreign cooperative education programs, including teaching language, courses setting, evaluating system, and so on. Second section, author tries to analyze the reasons of the conflicts by attributing them to different culture of the countries, different purpose of cooperative parties, different circumstance, and so on. Third section, author suggests that harmony of both teaching standards is the best way to eliminate the conflicts, and summarize the principles should be followed when harmonizing the teaching standards.

Proof-of-principle experimental realization of a qubit-like qudit-based quantum key distribution scheme

In comparison to qubit-based protocols, qudit-based quantum key distribution ones generally allow two cooperative parties to share unconditionally secure keys under a higher channel noise. However, it is very hard to prepare and measure the required quantum states in qudit-based protocols in general. One exception is the recently proposed highly error tolerant qudit-based protocol known as the Chau15 (Chau 2015 Phys. Rev. A 92 062324). Remarkably, the state preparation and measurement in this protocol can be done relatively easily since the required states are phase encoded almost like the diagonal basis states of a qubit. Here we report the first proof-of-principle demonstration of the Chau15 protocol. One highlight of our experiment is that its post-processing is based on practical one-way manner, while the original proposal in Chau (2015 Phys. Rev. A 92 062324) relies on complicated two-way post-processing, which is a great challenge in experiment. In addition, by manipulating time-bin qudit and measurement with a variable delay interferometer, our realization is extensible to qudit with high-dimensionality and confirms the experimental feasibility of the Chau15 protocol.

Cooperative Innovation Evolutionary Game Analysis of Industrialized Building Supply Chain

Great changes have taken place in construction methods of industrial building relative to traditional construction. The cooperation between construction contractors, prefabricated parts suppliers and other materials and equipment suppliers in the supply chain of the industrial building can not be ignored. The evolutionary game theory can be used to explain the dynamic trend of the relationship until it is stable. The evolutionary game theory is applied to study the process and method of cooperative innovation between construction contractor and many subcontractors. Based on evolutionary game theory, the paper discusses the process and method of cooperative innovation between the construction contractors and numerous subcontractors. It focuses on the analysis of the influence of cooperative profit distribution, spillover effect, innovation subsidies and cooperation risk sharing for evolutionary stable strategy. The evolutionary game model of cooperation parties is constructed. The key indexes such as profit, risk loss, distribution of excess income and innovation cost are considered comprehensively. The results show that with the increasing of the spillover effect, innovation cooperation, suppliers’ innovation income and excess returns of cooperation innovation, the system will tend to the stability of cooperation. And with the increasing of the contractor's subsidy coefficient, the innovation cost, cooperation innovation risk cost, the system will tend to uncooperative. There exists an optimal distribution coefficient of excess income, which can strengthen the cooperation willingness of both sides. This study provides a guidance for the cooperative innovation of the supply chain participating parties.

Cooperation Between Migrant Parents and Teachers in School: A Resource?

Even smaller Western countries receive immigrants from remote areas with poorer living conditions. As stated in the U.N. Child Convention, immigrant children should be given equal opportunities in education. Parents are always interested in their children’s future, and education may gain from stronger cooperation between school and parents. Some research shows that even illiterate parents may support their children’s training in a second language (Cummins, 1986/2001, p. 665). Dialogues between teachers and parents promote mutualunderstanding and increase parents’ knowledge of school and society. This might make the parents trust society more, enhance their acculturation and reduce future intergenerational conflicts (Portes & Rumbaut, 2001). A professional teacher needs cultural knowledge and understanding in order to give her/his students an education adapted to their needs. Migrant students especially should feel that there is coherence in their education, because culturalconflicts sap their energy and may also cause identity problems and lead to lack of motivation. For teachers it is important that education policy provides for equal opportunities. Norway has an inclusive policy concerning immigrant children. The students have language support to a certain degree both in their mother tongue and in Norwegian when needed. Parents and schools are obliged to cooperate in education, and some support is therefore given totranslation. Cooperation is required by conferences and meetings. There are gains for all parties in cooperation between school and migrant parents, but it is difficult to develop mutual cultural understanding for all students and equal opportunities for migrant students. This requires a clear school policy, the means to implement it, and teacher competence. It takes a process to learn how to cooperate and give adequate support. The Norwegian policy shows a will to cooperation, but the implementation of the policy can still be improved.

Study on Legal Risk Prevention Issue in University/College Scientific Research Cooperation

Social science and technology progress increasingly at present. As the main force of scientific research, university/college researches and develops new-type technological achievements via contract with enterprise. Thus it can be seen that promoting university/college scientific research cooperation has important significance. However, it cannot be denied that lots of legal risk problems exist in cooperation. Therefore, this paper discusses the legal risks from the perspective of university/college scientific research cooperation, analyzes in detail from scientific research cooperation contract and achievements patent risks, hoping to promote university/college scientific research cooperation to be more standard and effective starting from preventions. Scientific research cooperation refers to the labor form of scientific research activity rationally finished between scientific research personnel and organization. Scientific research often needs a great deal of scientific research experience and time. The relevant problems of science and technology can be resolved via scientific research cooperation in university/college, and university/college and enterprise are scientific research cooperation objects. Cooperative research of both parties can further research technological products, improve technical R&D strength, thereby achieving the mutual benefit and win-win. However, seen form current cooperation status, the legislation on university/college scientific research cooperation is weak, and scientific research cooperation failed to sign contracts, resulting in cooperation cannot be smoothly carried out. Thus the interests of cooperation parties are difficult to be guaranteed, seriously restricting its benign development. Therefore, the research on relevant problems of legal risk prevention of university/college scientific research cooperation has certain practical significance

Relational contracts and global sourcing

Relational contracts – informal agreements sustained by the value of future relationships – are integral parts of global production processes. This paper develops a repeated-game model of global sourcing in which final good producers decide whether to engage with their suppliers in relational contracting and whether to integrate a supplier into a firm's boundaries or deal with the latter at arm's-length. The model predicts that the relative prevalence of vertical integration increases in the long-term orientation of the headquarters' and suppliers' managers. It further suggests that the share of a foreign subsidiary owned by a final good producer increases in the headquarters' long-term orientation. Combining industry-level data from the U.S. Census Bureau's Related Party Trade database with measures for long-term orientation from Hofstede et al. (2010) and the World Management Survey, I find empirical evidence supportive of the positive link between the long-term orientation of cooperation parties and the relative prevalence of vertical integration. Using information on managerial composition of firms and ownership stakes from the Bureau van Dijk's Orbis database, I find that firms led by long-term oriented managers own higher shares of their foreign subsidiaries.

Cooperation between territorial communities: theory and practice

Problem Setting. The paper analyzes the problems in the system of legal regulation of cooperation between communities, highlights the advantages and disadvantages of such cooperation in Ukrainian local government.Analysis of the recent researches and publications. The legal basis for cooperation in the field of local government are provisions of the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, by-laws. The organizational principles of communities cooperation, principles, forms and mechanisms of such cooperation and its promotion, financing and monitoring prescribed by the Law of Ukraine «On cooperation of local communities» 17 June 2014, which provides five possible forms of cooperation.Paper main body. The first form - delegation to one party of cooperation by another parties of cooperation execution of one or few tasks with transferring of appropriate resources - one of the most difficult to implement, therefore in Ukraine it is not yet implemented.The second form – realization of joint projects, involving coordination of activities between parties of cooperation and accumulating them for a certain period resources to joint implementation of appropriate measures - one of the most common. This form is popular because of its simplicity and versatility. Parties are determining the purpose of the project, terms and conditions of its implementation, a list of activities and conditions for their implementation, financial liabilities, other forms of local governments participation in implementation of the project and mechanism of coordination.The third and fourth forms aimed on the creation and maintenance of communal enterprises, institutions and organizations - joint infrastructure projects by parties of cooperation. This form of cooperation with the prospect of widespread use because it is aimed at ensuring effective use of resources of local communities based on common application available in one of the subjects of cooperation of municipal infrastructure.The fifth form – creations by cooperation parties joint body of management - complex, not properly regulated, so there is no example of this type of cooperation in Ukraine.The basic directions of improvement of legal regulation of relations in this area proposed by author. These are formation of associations (Union of Communities), public legal structures with significantly higher levels of integrated territorial cooperation to jointly address most or all local matters, however local communities united in an alliance should not lose their legal status.Conclusions. The inter-municipal cooperation relatively new direction of local government in Ukraine and therefore requires a broad coverage of positive practices and benefits of voluntary restrictions of their own local communities autonomy for improving the quality of life of citizens in the territory. Cooperation should be based on clear goals and desired by strengthening solidarity and partnership to achieve result.

Research on the Benefits Allocation System of the Collaborative Innovation Center of China

Collaborative innovation is a very important way for major scientific innovation; the core is adding knowledge value, involving firms, government, research institutions and other organizations. Collaborative innovation centers are important carriers for responding to the call of government’s collaborative strategy. However, during the collaborative process, the problem of intellectual property ownership and benefits allocation is faced by cooperative parties. So, we try to solve the benefits allocation problem by constructing a reasonable mechanism. It is the basis for the steady operation of collaborative innovation center and benefits distribution fairly. This paper constructs a model for benefits allocation after we review previous studies. It includes intellectual property participating and sharing, benefits allocation and performance evaluation and feedback. Besides, we use a case study to examine this model. Thus, we hope this model can help keep the stable development of collaborative innovation center and has certain significance in theoretical implications.

Intergovernmental relations in German federalism: Cooperative federalism, party politics and territorial conflicts

Since the late 1970s, but especially since Unification in 1990, the German federal system has come under considerable stress. On the one hand, party competition is increasingly played out through the Bundesrat, the body representing the Lander governments at the federal level, making intergovernmental coordination more difficult and leading to accusations of ‘Reformstau’ (reform log jam). On the other hand, Unification not only added five new Lander to the system, but also led to economic disparities between the Lander at a hitherto unknown level, and deepened territorial conflicts over Lander competencies and the allocation of finances. Both developments have led to demands for a reform of the federal structure aimed at disentangling joint policymaking structures to ensure greater autonomy for both the federal level and the Lander. However, as the article will argue, the developments have resulted in a triangular constellation of interests between the federal level, the richer and the poorer Lander that makes reforming the system almost impossible.

Formal Governance Mechanism and its Application in Construction Projects

Inter-organizational Relationships (IORs) governance is one of the emerging research areas that have been studied in different contexts (e.g. economics, strategy, organization, and management). This view, particularly, attracted rising attention from academics and practitioners in the context of construction projects, due to the complex forms of IORs in terms of inter-firm exchanges (e.g. engineering, procurement, finance, construction, and operation) in these projects. The focus of IORs governance is to control Inter-organizational relationships among two or more cooperative parties to alleviate conflict and achieve mutual gains. One of the mechanisms that have been identified in the related literature is formal governance mechanism. Although many empirical studies have been conducted using formal governance terms and indicators, there isn't yet a consensual definition of this mechanism and its components that may cause misinterpretation of research results and also impede future research. This paper makes contribution to the concept of IORs governance by clarifying the meaning of formal governance mechanism and identifying different indicators of this mechanism that have been used and identified in previous studies. This provides an innovative and useful framework to understand formal governance mechanism and its application in construction projects.

Referral service of infomediary in B2C supply chain

Considering an infomediary provides demand referral to retailer in B2C supply chain, a horizontal cooperation model with marketing effort effects for dual-channel supply chain was established, and then the optimal decisions of infomediary's effort and retailer's order quantity in centralised and decentralised supply chain were analysed. Moreover, a horizontal cooperation contract based on sharing marketing effort cost as well as unit referral service price was developed to coordinate the supply chain. The results revealed that the contract contributed to profit optimisation of supply chain and effective dual-channel win-win cooperation. Additionally, our numerical results show that the effort efficiency of infomediary and demand correlation between dual-channel may increase the service price and a larger range of price may benefit both parties in horizontal cooperation in the dual channel.